4 research outputs found
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The regulation of monoamine oxidase: a gene expression by distinct variable number tandem repeats
The monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) uVNTR (upstream variable number tandem repeat) is one of the most often cited examples of a gene by environment interaction (GxE) in relation to behavioral traits. However, MAOA possesses a second VNTR, 500 bp upstream of the uVNTR, which is termed d- or distal VNTR. Furthermore, genomic analysis indicates that there are a minimum of two transcriptional start sites (TSSs) for MAOA, one of which encompasses the uVNTR within the 5′ untranslated region of one of the isoforms. Through expression analysis in semi-haploid HAP1 cell lines genetically engineered in order to knockout (KO) either the uVNTR, dVNTR, or both VNTRs, we assessed the effect of the two MAOA VNTRs, either alone or in combination, on gene expression directed from the different TSSs. Complementing our functional analysis, we determined the haplotype variation of these VNTRs in the general population. The expression of the two MAOA isoforms was differentially modulated by the two VNTRs located in the promoter region. The most extensively studied uVNTR, previously considered a positive regulator of the MAOA gene, did not modulate the expression of what it is considered the canonical isoform, while we found that the dVNTR positively regulated this isoform in our model. In contrast, both the uVNTR and the dVNTR were found to act as negative regulators of the second less abundant MAOA isoform. The haplotype analysis for these two VNTRs demonstrated a bias against the presence of one of the potential variants. The uVNTR and dVNTR differentially affect expression of distinct MAOA isoforms, and thus, their combined profiling offers new insights into gene-regulation, GxE interaction, and ultimately MAOA-driven behavior
Mitochondria function associated genes contribute to Parkinson’s Disease risk and later age at onset
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology of monogenic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Yet the role that mitochondrial processes play in the most common form of the disease; sporadic PD, is yet to be fully established. Here, we comprehensively assessed the role of mitochondrial function-associated genes in sporadic PD by leveraging improvements in the scale and analysis of PD GWAS data with recent advances in our understanding of the genetics of mitochondrial disease. We calculated a mitochondrial-specific polygenic risk score (PRS) and showed that cumulative small effect variants within both our primary and secondary gene lists are significantly associated with increased PD risk. We further reported that the PRS of the secondary mitochondrial gene list was significantly associated with later age at onset. Finally, to identify possible functional genomic associations we implemented Mendelian randomization, which showed that 14 of these mitochondrial function-associated genes showed functional consequence associated with PD risk. Further analysis suggested that the 14 identified genes are not only involved in mitophagy, but implicate new mitochondrial processes. Our data suggests that therapeutics targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics and proteostasis pathways distinct from mitophagy could be beneficial to treating the early stage of PD.Additional information
International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)
Members
A. Noyce13, A. Tucci14, B. Middlehurst1, D. Kia15, M. Tan16, H. Houlden14, H. R. Morris16, H. Plun-Favreau14, P. Holmans17, J. Hardy14, D. Trabzuni14,18, J. Bras19, K. Mok14, K. Kinghorn20, N. Wood15, P. Lewis21, R. Guerreiro14,19, R. Lovering22, L. R’Bibo14, M. Rizig14, V. Escott-Price22,23, V. Chelban14, T. Foltynie6, N. Williams24, A. Brice25, F. Danjou25, S. Lesage25, M. Martinez26, A. Giri27,28, C. Schulte27,28, K. Brockmann27,28, J. Simón-Sánchez27,28, P. Heutink27,28, P. Rizzu28, M. Sharma29, T. Gasser27,28, A. Nicolas2, M. Cookson2, F. Faghri2,30, D. Hernandez2, J. Shulman31,32, L. Robak33, S. Lubbe34, S. Finkbeiner35,36,37, N. Mencacci38, C. Lungu39, S. Scholz40, X. Reed2, H. Leonard2, G. Rouleau7, L. Krohan41, J. van Hilten42, J. Marinus42, A. Adarmes-Gómez43, M. Aguilar44, I. Alvarez44, V. Alvarez45, F. Javier Barrero46, J. Bergareche Yarza47, I. Bernal-Bernal43, M. Blazquez45, M. Bonilla-Toribio Bernal43, M. Boungiorno44, Dolores Buiza-Rueda43, A. Cámara48, M. Carcel44, F. Carrillo43, M. Carrión-Claro43, D. Cerdan49, J. Clarimón50,51, Y. Compta48, M. Diez-Fairen44, O. Dols-Icardo50,51, J. Duarte49, R. l. Duran52, F. Escamilla-Sevilla53, M. Ezquerra48, M. Fernández48, R. Fernández-Santiago48, C. Garcia45, P. García-Ruiz54, P. Gómez-Garre43, M. Gomez Heredia55, I. Gonzalez-Aramburu56, A. Gorostidi Pagola57, J. Hoenicka58, J. Infante51,56, S. Jesús43, A. Jimenez-Escrig59, J. Kulisevsky51,60, M. Labrador-Espinosa43, J. Lopez-Sendon59, A. López de Munain Arregui59, D. Macias43, I. Martínez Torres61, J. Marín51,60, M. Jose Marti48, J. Martínez-Castrillo59, C. Méndez-del-Barrio43, M. Menéndez González43, A. Mínguez53, P. Mir43, E. Mondragon Rezola57, E. Muñoz48, J. Pagonabarraga51,60, P. Pastor44, F. Perez Errazquin55, T. Periñán-Tocino43, J. Ruiz-Martínez57, C. Ruz52, A. Sanchez Rodriguez56, M. Sierra56, E. Suarez-Sanmartin4, C. Tabernero59, J. Pablo Tartari44, C. Tejera-Parrado43, E. Tolosa48, F. Valldeoriola48, L. Vargas-González43, L. Vela62, F. Vives52, A. Zimprich63, L. Pihlstrom64, P. Taba65, K. Majamaa66,67, A. Siitonen66, N. Okubadejo68, O. Ojo68
1 Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
2Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
3Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, London, SE1 9RT, UK
4Clinical Genetics Unit, Guys and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
5Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
6Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, 10-12 Russell Square House, London, UK
7Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
8Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
9Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
10Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA
11The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
12Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
13Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, QMUL, London, UK
14Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
15UCL Genetics Institute; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
16Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
17Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff, UK
18Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
19UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
20Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK
21University of Reading, Reading, UK
22University College London, London, UK
23MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff, UK
24Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
25Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR S 1127, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
26INSERM UMR 1220; and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
27Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
28DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
29Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
30Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
31Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
32Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
33Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
34Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
35Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
36Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
37Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA)
38 (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA)
39 (National Institutes of Health Division of Clinical Research, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA)
40Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
41Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
42Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
43Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/ Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
44Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
45Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
46Hospital Universitario Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
47Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
48Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
49Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
50Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
51Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
52Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
53Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
54Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
55Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
56Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
57Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
58Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
59Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Madrid, Madrid, Spain
60Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
61Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
62Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
63Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
64Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
65Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
66Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
67Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
68University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeri
Distinct gene expression profiles directed by the isoforms of the transcription factor neuron-restrictive silencer factor in human SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells
Neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) and its isoforms are differentially regulated in rodent models of self-sustaining status epilepticus (SSSE). NRSF isoforms regulate genes associated with SSSE, including the proconvulsant tachykinins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and multiple ion channels. NRSF isoforms may direct distinct gene expression patterns during SSSE, and the ratio of each isoform may be a causative factor in traumatic damage to the central nervous system. Here, we analysed global gene expression changes by microarray in human SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells following the over-expression of NRSF and a truncated isoform, HZ4. We used bioinformatics software to analyse the microarray dataset and correlated these data with epilepsy candidate gene pathways. Findings were validated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. We demonstrated that NRSF and HZ4 direct overlapping as well as distinct gene expression patterns, and that they differentially modulated gene expression patterns associated with epilepsy. Finally, we revealed that NRSF gene expression may be modulated by the anticonvulsant, phenytoin. We have interpreted our data to reflect altered gene expression directed by NRSF that might be relevant for SSSE