Spatial methods for event reconstruction in CLEAN

In CLEAN (Cryogenic Low Energy Astrophysics with Noble gases), a proposed neutrino and dark matter detector, background discrimination is possible if one can determine the location of an ionizing radiation event with high accuracy. We simulate ionizing radiation events that produce multiple scintillation photons within a spherical detection volume filled with liquid neon. We estimate the radial location of a particular ionizing radiation event based on the observed count data corresponding to that event. The count data are collected by detectors mounted at the spherical boundary of the detection volume. We neglect absorption, but account for Rayleigh scattering. To account for wavelength-shifting of the scintillation light, we assume that photons are absorbed and re-emitted at the detectors. Here, we develop spatial Maximum Likelihood methods for event reconstruction, and study their performance in computer simulation experiments. We also study a method based on the centroid of the observed count data. We calibrate our estimates based on training data

High Field magnetospectroscopy to probe the 1.4eV Ni color center in diamond

A magneto-optical study of the 1.4 eV Ni color center in boron-free synthetic diamond, grown at high pressure and high temperature, has been performed in magnetic fields up to 56 T. The data is interpreted using the effective spin Hamiltonian of Nazar\'e, Nevers and Davies [Phys. Rev. B 43, 14196 (1991)] for interstitial Ni$^{+}$ with the electronic configuration $3d^{9}$ and effective spin $S=1/2$. Our results unequivocally demonstrate the trigonal symmetry of the defect which preferentially aligns along the [111] growth direction on the (111) face, but reveal the shortcomings of the crystal field model for this particular defect.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, submitted to PR

Charge order near the antiferromagnetic quantum critical point in the trilayer high TcT_c cuprate HgBa2_2Ca2_2Cu3_3O8+δ_{8+ \delta}

We study the transport properties of underdoped trilayer cuprate HgBa$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{8+ \delta}$ with doping level $p$ = 0.1 - 0.12 in magnetic field up to 88 T. We report for the first time in a cuprate superconductor a dramatic change of the quantum oscillation spectrum versus temperature, which is accompanied by a sign change of the Hall effect below $T \approx$ 10 K. Based on numerical simulations, we infer a Fermi surface reconstruction in the inner plane from an antiferromagnetic state (hole pockets) to a biaxial charge density wave state (electron pockets). We show that both orders compete and share the same hotspots of the Fermi surface and we discuss our result in the context of spin-fermion models.Comment: Main + Supplemental Informatio

High frequency magnetic oscillations of the organic metal θ\theta-(ET)4_4ZnBr4_4(C6_6H4_4Cl2_2) in pulsed magnetic field of up to 81 T

De Haas-van Alphen oscillations of the organic metal $\theta$-(ET)$_4$ZnBr$_4$(C$_6$H$_4$Cl$_2$) are studied in pulsed magnetic fields up to 81 T. The long decay time of the pulse allows determining reliable field-dependent amplitudes of Fourier components with frequencies up to several kiloteslas. The Fourier spectrum is in agreement with the model of a linear chain of coupled orbits. In this model, all the observed frequencies are linear combinations of the frequency linked to the basic orbit $\alpha$ and to the magnetic-breakdown orbit $\beta$.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Linear magnetoresistance caused by mobility fluctuations in the n-doped Cd3As2

Cd3As2 is a candidate three-dimensional Dirac semi-metal which has exceedingly high mobility and non-saturating linear magnetoresistance that may be relevant for future practical applications. We report magnetotransport and tunnel diode oscillation measurements on Cd3As2, in magnetic fields up to 65 T and temperatures between 1.5K to 300K. We find the non-saturating linear magnetoresistance persist up to 65T and it is likely caused by disorder effects as it scales with the high mobility, rather than directly linked to Fermi surface changes even when approaching the quantum limit. From the observed quantum oscillations, we determine the bulk three-dimensional Fermi surface having signatures of Dirac behaviour with non-trivial Berry's phase shift, very light effective quasiparticle masses and clear deviations from the band-structure predictions. In very high fields we also detect signatures of large Zeeman spin-splitting (g~16).Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Development and evaluation of a new fully automatic motion detection and correction technique in cardiac SPECT imaging

In cardiac SPECT perfusion imaging, motion correction of the data is critical to the minimization of motion introduced artifacts in the reconstructed images. Software-based (data-driven) motion correction techniques are the most convenient and economical approaches to fulfill this purpose. However, the accuracy is significantly affected by how the data complexities, such as activity overlap, non-uniform tissue attenuation, and noise are handled. We developed STASYS, a new, fully automatic technique, for motion detection and correction in cardiac SPECT. We evaluated the performance of STASYS by comparing its effectiveness of motion correcting patient studies with the current industry standard software (Cedars-Sinai MoCo) through blind readings by two readers independently. For 204 patient studies from multiple clinical sites, the first reader identified (1) 69 studies with medium to large axial motion, of which STASYS perfectly or significantly corrected 86.9% and MoCo 72.5%; and (2) 20 studies with medium to large lateral motion, of which STASYS perfectly or significantly corrected 80.0% and MoCo 60.0%. The second reader identified (1) 84 studies with medium to large axial motion, of which STASYS perfectly or significantly corrected 82.2% and MoCo 76.2%; and (2) 34 studies with medium to large lateral motion, of which STASYS perfectly or significantly corrected 58.9% and MoCo 50.0%. We developed a fully automatic software-based motion correction technique, STASYS, for cardiac SPECT. Clinical studies showed that STASYS was effective and corrected a larger percent of cardiac SPECT studies than the current industrial standard software

Review of recent issues on humor field

The paper presents a brief review of some original issues in English, gained by the main argument-the theme of humor from the standpoint of different scientific approaches, and from the perspective of various aspects of the consideration of humor. Humor occupies a significant place in the spiritual life of social communities and all spheres of society are permeated by this phenomenon. The papers of both established scholars and novice ones from different countries are summarized. An attempt is made to differentiate the works according to the research areas and to present them in the light of general research lines and further perspectives in the study of humor

High magnetic fields for fundamental physics

Various fundamental-physics experiments such as measurement of the magnetic birefringence of the vacuum, searches for ultralight dark-matter particles (e.g., axions), and precision spectroscopy of complex systems (including exotic atoms containing antimatter constituents) are enabled by high-field magnets. We give an overview of current and future experiments and discuss the state-of-the-art DC- and pulsed-magnet technologies and prospects for future developments