Système d'assistance à la navigation handivoile

International audienceCe projet, fruit d'une collaboration entre l'ENSTA-Bretagne et l'entreprise Splashelec vise à développer une Interface Homme-Machine (IHM) qui facilite la navigation par le biais de capteurs et d'un boîtier de commandes embarqué sur le bateau. Il se concrétise par la création d'une interface graphique directement accessible via un téléphone mobile pour pallier le manque de mobilité du navigateur

Evaluation of seven drug metabolisms and clearances by cryopreserved human primary hepatocytes cultivated in microfluidic biochips

International audienceWe present characterization of the metabolic performance of human cryopreserved hepatocytes cultivated in a platform of parallelized microfluidic biochips. The RTqPCR analysis revealed that the mRNA levels of the cytochromes P450 (CYP 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4) were reduced after the adhesion period (when compared to the post-thawing step). The microfluidic perfusion played a part in stabilizing and partially recovering the levels of the HNF4a, PXR, OAPT2, CYP 1A2, 2B6, 2C19 and 3A4 mRNA on contrary to non-perfused cultures. Fluorescein diacetate staining and P-gp mRNA level illustrated the hepatocytes' polarity in the biochips. Drug metabolism was assessed using midazolam, tolbutamide, caffeine, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, acetaminophen and repaglinide as probes. Metabolite detection and quantification revealed that CYP1A2 (via the detection of paraxanthine), CYP3A4 (via 1-OH-midazolam, and omeprazole sulfone detection), CYP2C8 (via hydroxyl-repaglinide detection), CYP2C19 (via hydroxy-omeprazole detection) and CYP2D6 (via dextrorphan detection) were functional in our microfluidic configurations. Furthermore, the RTqPCR analysis showed that the drugs acted as inductors leading to overexpression of mRNA levels when compared to post-thawing values (such as for HNF4a, PXR and CYP3A4 by dextromethorpahn and omeprazole). Finally, intrinsic in vitro biochip clearances were extracted using a PBPK model for predictions. The biochip predictions were compared to literature in vitro data and in vivo situations

Discussion de la question "Les juges seront-ils établis à vie ou pour un temps déterminé?" concernant l'ordre judiciaire, lors de la séance du 3 mai 1790

Brocheton Charles Fabio, André Antoine Balthazar d', Roederer Pierre Louis, Faulcon Marie Félix, Buzot François-Nicolas. Discussion de la question "Les juges seront-ils établis à vie ou pour un temps déterminé?" concernant l'ordre judiciaire, lors de la séance du 3 mai 1790. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XV - Du 21 avril au 30 mai 1790. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1883. pp. 370-371

Lecture et remarques sur le procès verbal de la séance du 13 mai 1790 au soir

Démeunier Jean Nicolas, Leleu de la Ville au Bois Claude-Antoine, Defermon des Chapelières Jacques, Brocheton Charles Fabio. Lecture et remarques sur le procès verbal de la séance du 13 mai 1790 au soir. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XV - Du 21 avril au 30 mai 1790. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1883. pp. 512-513

Lecture et remarques sur le procès verbal de la séance du 13 mai 1790 au soir

Démeunier Jean Nicolas, Leleu de la Ville au Bois Claude Antoine, Defermon des Chapelières Jacques, Brocheton Charles Fabio. Lecture et remarques sur le procès verbal de la séance du 13 mai 1790 au soir. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) sous la direction de Jérôme Mavidal et Emile Laurent. Tome XV - Du 21 avril au 30 mai 1790. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1883. pp. 512-513

CityDelta: A Model Intercomparison Study to Explore the Impact of Emission Reductions in European Cities in 2010

This paper gives an overview of the set up, methodology and the obtained results of the CityDelta (phase 1 and 2) project. In the context of the Clean Air For Europe programme of the European Commission, the CityDelta project was designed to evaluate the impact of emission-reduction strategies on air quality at the European continental scale and in European cities. Ozone and PM are the main components that have been studied. To achieve this goal, a model intercomparison study was organised with the participation of more than 20 modelling groups with a large number of modelling configurations. Two following main topics can be identified in the project. First, in order to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses, the participating models were evaluated against observations in a control year (1999). An accompanying paper will discusses in detail this evaluation aspect for 4 European cities. The second topic is the actual evaluation of the impact of emission reductions on levels of Ozone and PM, with particular attention to the differences between large-scale and fine-scale models. An accompanying paper will discuss this point in detail. In this overview paper the main input to the intercomparison is described as well as the use of the ensemble approach. Finally, attention is given to the policy relevant issue on how to implement the urban air quality signal into large scale air quality models through the use of functional relationships.JRC.F.8-Sustainable Transpor

Critical Role of cRel Subunit of NF-κB in Sepsis Survival ▿ †

NF-κB is a critical regulator of gene expression during severe infections. NF-κB comprises homo- and heterodimers of proteins from the Rel family. Among them, p50 and p65 have been clearly implicated in the pathophysiology of sepsis. In contrast, the role of cRel in sepsis is still controversial and has been poorly studied in single-pathogen infections. We aimed to investigate the consequences of cRel deficiency in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. We have approached the underlying mechanisms of host defense by analyzing bacterial clearance, systemic inflammation, and the distribution of spleen dendritic cell subsets. Moreover, by using a genome-wide technology, we have also analyzed the CLP-induced modifications in gene expression profiles both in wild-type (wt) and in rel−/− mice. The absence of cRel enhances mortality due to polymicrobial sepsis. Despite normal pathogen clearance, cRel deficiency leads to an altered systemic inflammatory response associated with a sustained loss of the spleen lymphoid dendritic cells. Furthermore, a whole-blood microarray study reveals that the differential outcome between wt and rel−/− mice during sepsis is preceded by remarkable changes in the expression of hundreds of genes involved in aspects of host-pathogen interaction, such as host survival and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, cRel is a key NF-κB member required for host antimicrobial defenses and a regulatory transcription subunit that controls the inflammatory and immune responses in severe infection