Efficient Traffic Assignment for Public Transit Networks

We study the problem of computing traffic assignments for public transit networks: Given a public transit network and a demand (i.e. a list of passengers, each with associated origin, destination, and departure time), the objective is to compute the utilization of every vehicle. Efficient assignment algorithms are a core component of many urban traffic planning tools. In this work, we present a novel algorithm for computing public transit assignments. Our approach is based upon a microscopic Monte Carlo simulation of individual passengers. In order to model realistic passenger behavior, we base all routing decisions on travel time, number of transfers, time spent walking or waiting, and delay robustness. We show how several passengers can be processed during a single scan of the network, based on the Connection Scan Algorithm [Dibbelt et al., LNCS Springer 2013], resulting in a highly efficient algorithm. We conclude with an experimental study, showing that our assignments are comparable in terms of quality to the state-of-the-art. Using the parallelized version of our algorithm, we are able to compute a traffic assignment for more than ten million passengers in well below a minute, which outperforms previous works by more than an order of magnitude

Entwicklung eines Energiemodells für Analysen von Energiebereitstellungsstrukturen

The transformation of primary energy carriers and the energy supply to the consumers is directly connected to the use of renewable and non-renewable resources, emission into environment and the production of waste. These energy-related material flows are of main interest in the assessment of an energy intensive product’s resource intensity. Objective of this paper is the development of a methodology and its application in a model for determination of the material flows related to the electricity supply. As an example, the model is applied to the analysis of primary aluminum production. Different structures for electricity supply are balanced for several countries. These structures include national grids as well as specific process chains for power production from different fuels. The influence on the resulting material flows by different system boundaries, defined by the different structures of the electricity system (for example, electricity system based on entirely domestic production or the system that considers the import options from other countries) is investigated in detail. Additionally, potentials for primary energy savings and reduction in green house gas emissions associated with the improvement of the electricity and primary aluminium production processes are assessed

Entwicklung eines Energiemodells für Analysen von Energiebereitstellungsstrukturen

The transformation of primary energy carriers and the energy supply to the consumers is directly connected to the use of renewable and non-renewable resources, emission into environment and the production of waste. These energy-related material flows are of main interest in the assessment of an energy intensive product’s resource intensity. Objective of this paper is the development of a methodology and its application in a model for determination of the material flows related to the electricity supply. As an example, the model is applied to the analysis of primary aluminum production. Different structures for electricity supply are balanced for several countries. These structures include national grids as well as specific process chains for power production from different fuels. The influence on the resulting material flows by different system boundaries, defined by the different structures of the electricity system (for example, electricity system based on entirely domestic production or the system that considers the import options from other countries) is investigated in detail. Additionally, potentials for primary energy savings and reduction in green house gas emissions associated with the improvement of the electricity and primary aluminium production processes are assessed

Lighting as a design element in film : a current inventory of creative and technical options extended with chosen application examples

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick der gestalterischen und technischen Möglichkeiten der filmischen Beleuchtung zu geben. Um ein besseres Verständnis für die heutige Form der Lichtgestaltung zu schaffen, wird zu Beginn der Ursprung von Licht im Film sowie die ersten Entwicklungsschritte hin zum noch gegenwärtig gültigen Regelwerk behandelt. Um aufzuzeigen welchen Einfluss die Lichtgestaltung auf den Inhalt und die optische Wahrnehmung eines Films nimmt, werden die verschiedenen Grundeigenschaften von Licht sowie deren gestalterische Möglichkeiten betrachtet. Ebenfalls werden die Lichtquellen, Scheinwerfer sowie Hilfsmittel behandelt, die für eine praktische Umsetzung der filmischen Lichtgestaltung benötigt werden. Hierbei wird eine Übersicht der gängigsten Filmlichttechnik gegeben und eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme der neusten technischen Möglichkeiten erstellt. Anhand verschiedener Anwendungsbeispiele, die im Rahmen eines Praxis Experiments entstanden sind, werden mögliche technische sowie gestalterische Funktionen des Filmlichts veranschaulicht. Die aus der Praxis gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden mit den theoretischen Funktionen der Filmlichttechnik sowie der Lichtgestaltung verglichen