1,710 research outputs found
A Call for Gender-Inclusive Global Health Strategies
The WHO\u27s Global Strategy for Women\u27s, Children\u27s, and Adolescents\u27 Health 2016-2030 (GS-WCAH 2016-2030) is a comprehensive plan developed to improve the lives of women, children, and adolescents. Due to the success in the creation, ratification, and advocacy of the GS-WCAH 2016-2030, the clear health outcome disparities between males and females, and the general absence of male health from existing policies and sponsored programs, it is time now to develop a global strategy specifically drafted to improve the lives of men and boys. The following commentary provides three points for why a male-oriented program, like the GS-WCAH 2016-2030, should be created: (a) health outcomes disparities, (b) economic impact of poor male health, and (c) fathers\u27 role in promoting the health of women, children, and adolescents. Implications for how male health can be incorporated into future projects and priorities are provided, as well as advocacy for overall gender-inclusivity in regard to global public health efforts
Second cohomology for finite groups of Lie type
Let be a simple, simply-connected algebraic group defined over
. Given a power of , let
be the subgroup of -rational points. Let be the
simple rational -module of highest weight . In this paper we
establish sufficient criteria for the restriction map in second cohomology
to be an
isomorphism. In particular, the restriction map is an isomorphism under very
mild conditions on and provided is less than or equal to a
fundamental dominant weight. Even when the restriction map is not an
isomorphism, we are often able to describe in
terms of rational cohomology for . We apply our techniques to compute
in a wide range of cases, and obtain new
examples of nonzero second cohomology for finite groups of Lie type.Comment: 29 pages, GAP code included as an ancillary file. Rewritten to
include the adjoint representation in types An, B2, and Cn. Corrections made
to Theorem 3.1.3 and subsequent dependent results in Sections 3-4. Additional
minor corrections and improvements also implemente
First cohomology for finite groups of Lie type: simple modules with small dominant weights
Let be an algebraically closed field of characteristic , and let
be a simple, simply connected algebraic group defined over .
Given , set , and let be the corresponding
finite Chevalley group. In this paper we investigate the structure of the first
cohomology group where is the
simple -module of highest weight . Under certain very mild
conditions on and , we are able to completely describe the first
cohomology group when is less than or equal to a fundamental dominant
weight. In particular, in the cases we consider, we show that the first
cohomology group has dimension at most one. Our calculations significantly
extend, and provide new proofs for, earlier results of Cline, Parshall, Scott,
and Jones, who considered the special case when is a minimal nonzero
dominant weight.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables. Typos corrected and some proofs
streamlined over previous versio
The Berkeley Sample of Stripped-Envelope Supernovae
We present the complete sample of stripped-envelope supernova (SN) spectra
observed by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) collaboration over the
last three decades: 888 spectra of 302 SNe, 652 published here for the first
time, with 384 spectra (of 92 SNe) having photometrically-determined phases.
After correcting for redshift and Milky Way dust reddening and reevaluating the
spectroscopic classifications for each SN, we construct mean spectra of the
three major spectral subtypes (Types IIb, Ib, and Ic) binned by phase. We
compare measures of line strengths and widths made from this sample to the
results of previous efforts, confirming that O I {\lambda}7774 absorption is
stronger and found at higher velocity in Type Ic SNe than in Types Ib or IIb
SNe in the first 30 days after peak brightness, though the widths of nebular
emission lines are consistent across subtypes. We also highlight newly
available observations for a few rare subpopulations of interest.Comment: 13 pages; 14 figures; 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Improved Standardization of Type II-P Supernovae: Application to an Expanded Sample
In the epoch of precise and accurate cosmology, cross-confirmation using a
variety of cosmographic methods is paramount to circumvent systematic
uncertainties. Owing to progenitor histories and explosion physics differing
from those of Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia), Type II-plateau supernovae (SNe II-P) are
unlikely to be affected by evolution in the same way. Based on a new analysis
of 17 SNe II-P, and on an improved methodology, we find that SNe II-P are good
standardizable candles, almost comparable to SNe Ia. We derive a tight Hubble
diagram with a dispersion of 10% in distance, using the simple correlation
between luminosity and photospheric velocity introduced by Hamuy & Pinto 2002.
We show that the descendent method of Nugent et al. 2006 can be further
simplified and that the correction for dust extinction has low statistical
impact. We find that our SN sample favors, on average, a very steep dust law
with total to selective extinction R_V<2. Such an extinction law has been
recently inferred for many SNe Ia. Our results indicate that a distance
measurement can be obtained with a single spectrum of a SN II-P during the
plateau phase combined with sparse photometric measurements.Comment: ApJ accepted version. Minor change
A non-spherical core in the explosion of supernova SN 2004dj
An important and perhaps critical clue to the mechanism driving the explosion
of massive stars as supernovae is provided by the accumulating evidence for
asymmetry in the explosion. Indirect evidence comes from high pulsar
velocities, associations of supernovae with long-soft gamma-ray bursts, and
asymmetries in late-time emission-line profiles. Spectropolarimetry provides a
direct probe of young supernova geometry, with higher polarization generally
indicating a greater departure from spherical symmetry. Large polarizations
have been measured for 'stripped-envelope' (that is, type Ic) supernovae, which
confirms their non-spherical morphology; but the explosions of massive stars
with intact hydrogen envelopes (type II-P supernovae) have shown only weak
polarizations at the early times observed. Here we report multi-epoch
spectropolarimetry of a classic type II-P supernova that reveals the abrupt
appearance of significant polarization when the inner core is first exposed in
the thinning ejecta (~90 days after explosion). We infer a departure from
spherical symmetry of at least 30 per cent for the inner ejecta. Combined with
earlier results, this suggests that a strongly non-spherical explosion may be a
generic feature of core-collapse supernovae of all types, where the asphericity
in type II-P supernovae is cloaked at early times by the massive, opaque,
hydrogen envelope.Comment: Accepted for publication by Nature (results embargoed until 23 March
2006); 14 pages, 2 figure
Recommended from our members
Human Papillomavirus E6 Triggers Upregulation of the Antiviral and Cancer Genomic DNA Deaminase APOBEC3B
ABSTRACT Several recent studies have converged upon the innate immune DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) as a significant source of genomic uracil lesions and mutagenesis in multiple human cancers, including those of the breast, head/neck, cervix, bladder, lung, ovary, and other tissues. A3B is upregulated in these tumor types relative to normal tissues, but the mechanism is unclear. Because A3B also has antiviral activity in multiple systems and is a member of the broader innate immune response, we tested the hypothesis that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes A3B upregulation. We found that A3B mRNA expression and enzymatic activity were upregulated following transfection of a high-risk HPV genome and that this effect was abrogated by inactivation of E6. Transduction experiments showed that the E6 oncoprotein alone was sufficient to cause A3B upregulation, and a panel of high-risk E6 proteins triggered higher A3B levels than did a panel of low-risk or noncancer E6 proteins. Knockdown experiments in HPV-positive cell lines showed that endogenous E6 is required for A3B upregulation. Analyses of publicly available head/neck cancer data further support this relationship, as A3B levels are higher in HPV-positive cancers than in HPV-negative cancers. Taken together with the established role for high-risk E6 in functional inactivation of TP53 and published positive correlations in breast cancer between A3B upregulation and genetic inactivation of TP53, our studies suggest a model in which high-risk HPV E6, possibly through functional inactivation of TP53, causes derepression of A3B gene transcription. This would lead to a mutator phenotype that explains the observed cytosine mutation biases in HPV-positive head/neck and cervical cancers
Berkeley Supernova Ia Program I: Observations, Data Reduction, and Spectroscopic Sample of 582 Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae
In this first paper in a series we present 1298 low-redshift (z\leq0.2)
optical spectra of 582 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed from 1989 through
2008 as part of the Berkeley SN Ia Program (BSNIP). 584 spectra of 199 SNe Ia
have well-calibrated light curves with measured distance moduli, and many of
the spectra have been corrected for host-galaxy contamination. Most of the data
were obtained using the Kast double spectrograph mounted on the Shane 3 m
telescope at Lick Observatory and have a typical wavelength range of
3300-10,400 Ang., roughly twice as wide as spectra from most previously
published datasets. We present our observing and reduction procedures, and we
describe the resulting SN Database (SNDB), which will be an online, public,
searchable database containing all of our fully reduced spectra and companion
photometry. In addition, we discuss our spectral classification scheme (using
the SuperNova IDentification code, SNID; Blondin & Tonry 2007), utilising our
newly constructed set of SNID spectral templates. These templates allow us to
accurately classify our entire dataset, and by doing so we are able to
reclassify a handful of objects as bona fide SNe Ia and a few other objects as
members of some of the peculiar SN Ia subtypes. In fact, our dataset includes
spectra of nearly 90 spectroscopically peculiar SNe Ia. We also present
spectroscopic host-galaxy redshifts of some SNe Ia where these values were
previously unknown. [Abridged]Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures, 11 tables, revised version, re-submitted to
MNRAS. Spectra will be released in January 2013. The SN Database homepage
(http://hercules.berkeley.edu/database/index_public.html) contains the full
tables, plots of all spectra, and our new SNID template
Recommendations of the task force on public policy
This is the published version, reproduced here with permission from the publisher. This article is also available electronically from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2741851/.The Task Force on Public Policy was established by the Association for Behavior Analysis to examine ways to encourage members to contribute to policymaking relevant to the public interest. Members discussed issues pertinent to this activity and summarized their discussion in a formal report.' Recommendations of the Task Force for conducting and disseminating policy research and for training, technical assistance, and other services supportive of behavior-analytic research in the public policy arena are presented here
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