Controle biológico da Murcha de Fusarium em Gérbera com Trichoderma asperellum

O aumento no cultivo de flores nos últimos anos vem refletindo em um aumento na incidência de patógenos de solo que podem causar sérios problemas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o controle biológico, com Trichoderma asperellum, da murcha de Fusarium em gérbera. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: Testemunha (substrato); Substrato + Fusarium oxysporum; Substrato + Fusarium oxysporum + Trichoderma asperellum; e Susbtrato + Trichoderma asperellum. Para isso, o patógeno foi isolado de gérberas com sintomas da doença e, posteriormente, foi identificado de acordo com caracteres morfológicos. Ainda, foi avaliado o grau de antagonismo de T. asperellum contra F. oxysporum através do teste de confrontação direta. Para as avaliações em casa de vegetação, foi utilizado substrato comercial autoclavado e infestado com grãos de milho colonizados pelo patógeno. A identificação morfológica confirmou a espécie do patógeno como Fusarium oxysporum. No teste de pareamento de culturas, verificou-se que T. asperellum não apresentou um alto grau de antagonismo. As plantas cultivadas em substrato infestado pelo patógeno não apresentaram sintomas visíveis de murcha, porém a infestação do substrato com o patógeno proporcionoumenores valores de massa fresca e seca de parte aérea e raízes. O tratamento com T. asperellum obteve maiores valores de massa fresca e seca tanto de parte aérea como de raízes e também inflorescências mais vigorosas em relação às plantas tratadas com o patógeno

Participation, politisation et rapports de genre: changement social en milieu populaire (Venezuela, 2002-2012)

Mention Très honorable avec les félicitations du jury à l’unanimitéThis PhD dissertation is about women’s relations to politics, viewed from the perspective of the popular background’s local participation. During the Chavez’s governments in Venezuela, the State’s will to favour local participation and fight against gender’s inequalities allows ordinary actors’dynamics and individual paths to meet and in the meantime, to make them visible. These actors occur to be mostly women. The Bolivarian participation politics is performed from the daily experience and interpersonnal relationship. The local State institutions - that are the Local Committees for Public Planning and the City Committees - intertwine public and private space. In this matrifocal country, this territorialized politics allows women from popular background to convert their power into a political ressource that has been acknowledged and institutionnalized. This process changes the relationships to oneself, to the family and the community but to the institutionnalized power as well, going as far as to transform relationships between the ruling classes and the ones who are ruled by them.Based on a a seven years research and a two years fieldwork, this PhD dissertation associates sociological studies’classic techniques and new tools revealing the importance of the affective turn brought by the participative experience in the interviewees’s life.Cette thèse porte sur le rapport des femmes au politique, étudié à travers le prisme de la participation locale des classes populaires. Au Venezuela, sous les gouvernements Chávez, la volonté étatique de favoriser la participation locale et de lutter contre les inégalités de genre, croise et rend visible des dynamiques et des trajectoires individuelles d’acteurs ordinaires, qui sont en majorité des femmes. La politique bolivarienne de la participation se réalise à partir de l’expérience quotidienne et des relations interpersonnelles. Les structures étatiques locales que sont les Conseils Locaux de Planification Publique et les Conseils Communaux articulent ainsi espace public et espace privé. Dans ce pays matrifocal, la pratique de cette politique territorialisée permet aux femmes des classes populaires de transformer leur autorité en une ressource politique qui est désormais reconnue et institutionnalisée. Ce processus modifie le rapport à soi, à la famille, à la communauté, mais aussi au pouvoir institué, allant jusqu’à transformer les rapports gouvernants-gouvernés. Fruit de sept années de recherche et de près de deux ans de terrain, cette thèse allie les techniques classiques de l’enquête sociologique et de nouveaux outils révélant l’importance du tournant affectif induit par l’expérience participative dans la vie des enquêtées

Femmes des classes populaires et participation : imaginaires politiques et construction d’une résistance au quotidien

Les dispositifs de participation qui ont été mis en place sous les gouvernements Chávez, au Venezuela, représentent des outils de lutte contre la pauvreté et les inégalités sociales. La participation à l’échelle locale permet aux femmes des classes populaires de se constituer en sujets politiques, en résistant à la situation de pauvreté et aux rapports de domination qui structurent la vie quotidienne. Initialement vécues comme source de stigmatisation, elles ont fait de leur appartenance de classe, ethnique, générationnelle, de genre comme de leur zone d’habitation, une ressource pour leur engagement politique. À travers les dispositifs de participation, l’État finance cet élan et cible les femmes qui combattent le fatalisme et le sentiment d’impuissance. Elles sont de plus en plus nombreuses à se sentir capables et à vouloir occuper des postes à responsabilité. À partir d’une étude longitudinale de trajectoires individuelles basées sur une enquête ethnographique, il a été possible de saisir les mutations de leurs imaginaires, de leurs pratiques et de leurs représentations politiques. Dans cet article, il s’agit de se demander dans quelle mesure la participation et la valorisation étatique de l’échelle micro-locale ainsi que des acteurs et des actrices qui s’y investissent, permettent aux luchadoras sociales (combattantes sociales) — femmes des classes populaires, pour une majorité racisées — de transformer leur subalternité en ressource pour légitimer leurs actions et pour se penser autrement, notamment en politique. Je propose de comprendre la manière dont ces mutations opèrent, au quotidien, comme une résistance à leurs multiples positions sociales « subordonnées » et établissent un changement au niveau du paradigme dominant femmes et pouvoir.The Participation plans set up by the Chavez Governments in Venezuela are considered as tools to combat poverty and social injustice. Participation on the local level has enabled grassroots women’s groups to turn themselves into political entities to overcome the poverty and the power relationships that structure their daily lives. While their ethnicity, social class, age and gender, as well as location, were initially perceived as stigmas, they have become a resource for their political commitment. This phenomenon is encouraged by the Government that funds the Participation plans, targeting women who combat feelings of fatalism and powerlessness. An increasing number of these women feel capable or willing to hold positions of responsibility. In a longitudinal evaluation study based on an ethnographic inquiry, I point out the mutations of their political representations and practices. In this article the question that must be addressed is to what extent participation and micro-level promotion by the Government, and by the actors themselves, enable the luchadoras sociales (“social fighters”), these women from the lower classes who, for the most part, can also be defined by their ethnicity, to turn their subalterness into a resource to legitimate their actions and transform the way they define themselves, particularly in politics. My aim is to show how these mutations work in everyday life as a form of resistance to their multiple subaltern positions. What they are achieving, I posit, is no less than a change in the dominant paradigm of women and power

Emergency management of stroke in the era of mechanical thrombectomy

Emergency management of stroke has been directed at the delivery of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in a timely fashion. Because of the many limitations attached to the delivery of tPA and the perceived benefits accrued to tPA, its use has been limited. Mechanical thrombectomy, a far superior therapy for the largest and most disabling strokes, large vessel occlusions (LVOs), has changed the way acute strokes are managed. Aside from the rush to deliver tPA, there is now a need to identify LVO and refer those patients with LVO to physicians and facilities capable of delivering urgent thrombectomy. Other parts of emergency department management of stroke are directed at identifying and mitigating risk factors for future strokes and at preventing further damage from occurring. We review here the most recent literature supporting these advances in stroke care and present a framework for understanding the role that emergency physicians play in acute stroke care

A case of natural triploidy in European diploid green toad (Bufo viridis), with some distributional records of diploid and tetraploid toads

A triploid female (3n = 33) was found in diploid species Bufo viridis from the Crimea Peninsula, Ukraine. The case is recognized as an occasional autotriploidy. No morphological differences were found between this triploid female and other diploid specimens of the sample. Three categories of triploids in the Bufo viridis group are classified. Based on six green toad samples identified by chromosome number, the distribution of diploid and polyploid toads in Kazakhstan is discussed

A rare case of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of fallopian tube fimbria with metastasis to ipsilateral ovary, uterine serosa, myometrium and pelvis: Case report and review of literature

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube is exceptionally rare and the detailed clinicopathologic features of these tumors have not yet been reported in English literature. Here we report a moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in the tubal fimbria in a 70-year-old woman. Patient had a history of cholecystectomy for gallstones and gastric banding who presented with gastrointestinal discomfort and was found to have a large adnexal mass on imaging studies. Serum CA-125 was moderately elevated. Recent mammography, upper endoscopy and colonoscopy were completely normal. She underwent surgical staging for the adnexal mass. Frozen section and final pathology diagnosis revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma arising in the left fimbria. Carcinoma had spread to the ipsilateral ovary and pelvic soft tissue at the time of her presentation. Tumor was strongly immunoreactive to CK7 and CEA, and was negative for CK20, CDX-2, PAX-8, WT-1, p16, ER, and vimentin. TP53 showed wild-type phenotype by immunohistochemistry. Molecular studies showed no mutation in codon 12 and 13 of the k-ras gene, and no mutation was detected in the BRAF and EGFR genes. In addition, the non-tumorous fimbria epithelium showed a spectrum of mucinous alterations with variable nuclear atypia: cytologically bland areas that were reminiscent of mucinous metaplasia were positive for p53 and showed minimal proliferation as assessed by Ki-67, and cytologically atypical stratified mucinous epithelium that was positive for p53 and Ki-67. The patient received 3 cycles of Folfox and was regularly followed at a 3–6 month interval. Her carcinoma recurred in abdomen at 32 months post surgery. After excluding the possibility of an extra-gynecologic tract primary through extensive clinical investigations and post-surgical follow-up, we concluded that this tumor most likely represented a mucinous adenocarcinoma of tubal origin

Genome-wide screening for DNA variants associated with reading and language traits

This research was funded by: Max Planck Society, the University of St Andrews - Grant Number: 018696, US National Institutes of Health - Grant Number: P50 HD027802, Wellcome Trust - Grant Number: 090532/Z/09/Z, and Medical Research Council Hub Grant Grant Number: G0900747 91070Reading and language abilities are heritable traits that are likely to share some genetic influences with each other. To identify pleiotropic genetic variants affecting these traits, we first performed a genome‐wide association scan (GWAS) meta‐analysis using three richly characterized datasets comprising individuals with histories of reading or language problems, and their siblings. GWAS was performed in a total of 1862 participants using the first principal component computed from several quantitative measures of reading‐ and language‐related abilities, both before and after adjustment for performance IQ. We identified novel suggestive associations at the SNPs rs59197085 and rs5995177 (uncorrected P ≈ 10–7 for each SNP), located respectively at the CCDC136/FLNC and RBFOX2 genes. Each of these SNPs then showed evidence for effects across multiple reading and language traits in univariate association testing against the individual traits. FLNC encodes a structural protein involved in cytoskeleton remodelling, while RBFOX2 is an important regulator of alternative splicing in neurons. The CCDC136/FLNC locus showed association with a comparable reading/language measure in an independent sample of 6434 participants from the general population, although involving distinct alleles of the associated SNP. Our datasets will form an important part of on‐going international efforts to identify genes contributing to reading and language skills.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Seletividade e eficácia de herbicidas aplicados à cultura do trigo

When not controlled efficiently, weeds in wheat crop stands may affect both the grain quality and yield production. This work aimed to assess the selectivity and efficacy of herbicides applied to control weeds in the wheat cultivar TBIO Sinuelo. Two experiments were set up to assess the selectivity and the efficacy of herbicides applied to wheat in randomized blocks design with four replications. Treatments tested were: iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D, clodinafop-propargyl, [bentazon + imazamox], saflufenacil, bentazon, carfentrazone-ethyl, imazamox, pendimethalin, [sulfentrazone + diuron], plus two control treatments, one weeded and the other infested. The greatest damages to wheat were caused by imazamox and the commercial mixture [bentazon + imazamox] with phytotoxicity of approximately 50%. On the other hand, applying the commercial mixture [sulfentrazone + diuron] allowed the highest wheat grain yield. The use of clodinafop-propargyl and pyroxsulam promoted the best control of Lolium multiflorum, with 100 and 98.25% at 21 days after treatment application, respectively. The control above 90% of Raphanus raphanistrum was reported with iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D, [bentazon + imazamox], saflufenacil, bentazon, and carfentrazone. Clodinafop-propargyl was the most efficient on ryegrass, and iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, and carfentrazone performed best on the turnip. Pyroxsulam was the treatment that showed, in both experiments, the best results for all-grain yield components, especially for grain yield.As plantas daninhas ocasionam efeitos negativos na produtividade e na qualidade dos grãos da cultura do trigo quando não controladas de modo eficiente. Assim sendo, objetivou-se com os trabalhos avaliar a seletividade e a eficácia de herbicidas aplicados para o manejo de plantas daninhas infestante da cultivar de trigo TBIO Sinuelo. Foram instalados dois experimentos, um para avaliar a seletividade e outro a eficácia de herbicidas aplicados em trigo, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos testados foram: iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D, clodinafope-propargil, [bentazon + imazamox], saflufenacil, bentazon, carfentrazone-ethyl, imazamox, pendimethalin, [sulfentrazone + diuron], mais duas testemunhas uma capinada e outra infestada. Os herbicidas que ocasionaram as maiores injúrias ao trigo foram o imazamox e a mistura comercial de [bentazon + imazamox] com fitotoxicidade próxima a 50%. A aplicação da mistura comercial de [sulfentrazone + diuron] demonstrou a maior produtividade de grãos do trigo. O uso de clodinafope-propargil e pyroxsulam apresentaram os melhores controles de Lolium multiflorum, com 100 e 98,25%, aos 21 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, respectivamente. Ocorreu controle acima de 90% de Raphanus raphanistrum com uso de iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D, [bentazon + imazamox], saflufenacil, bentazon e carfentrazone. O clodinafope-propargil demonstra o maior controle para o azevém e o iodosulfuron-ethyl, pyroxsulam, metsulfurom-metílico, 2,4-D, saflufenacil e carfentrazone para o nabo. O pyroxsulam foi o tratamento que demonstrou, nos dois experimentos, os melhores resultados para os componentes da produção, especialmente para a produtividade da cultura

Interferência e nível de dano econômico de papuã em feijoeiro em função da densidade de plantas

The study of bean sowing density and the level of economic damage (EDL) caused by alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea) are important tools for adequately adopting the integrated management of this weed and, thus, producing food with higher quality and less pesticide residue. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the interference and the level of the economic damage of alexandergrass in competition with the common bean, estimated as a function of sowing densities of the crop and the weed. The bean cultivar IPR Uirapuru was used. The treatments consisted of four bean densities (140,000; 180,000; 220,000 and 260,000 plants ha-1, respectively) and alexandergrass that varied from 0 to the maximum of 104 plants m-2. The experiment was installed in a Red Aluminoferric Latosol, at the experimental area of the Federal University of the Southern Border, campus Erechim/RS, on 10/31/2016. We used the rectangular hyperbola model to describe the relationship between the loss of bean grain yield and the explanatory variables of plant density (DP), soil cover (CS), leaf area (AF) and shoot dry matter (MS). Therefore, the variables CS and DP can be used instead of AF and MS to estimate grain yield losses in common beans. The density of 260,000 plants ha-1 of bean showed greater competitiveness with alexandergrass and the highest values of EDLs, justifying the adoption of weed control management at higher densities.O estudo da densidade de semeadura do feijoeiro e do nível de dano econômico (NDE) ocasionado pelo papuã (Urochloa plantaginea) são ferramentas importantes para a adoção do manejo integrado dessa planta daninha e, assim, produzir um alimento com maior qualidade e menor resíduo de agrotóxico. Diante disso, objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar a interferência e o nível de dano econômico do papuã em competição com o feijoeiro, estimados em função de densidades de semeadura da cultura e da planta daninha. Os tratamentos foram compostos por densidades do feijoeiro, cultivar IPR Uirapuru (140.000, 180.000, 220.000 e 260.000 plantas ha-1) e do papuã que variaram de 0 até o máximo de 104 plantas m-2. O experimento foi implantado em um Latossolo Vermelho Aluminoférrico típico na área experimental da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, campus Erechim/RS, em 31/10/2016. Para descrever a relação entre a perda de produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro e as variáveis explicativas; densidade de plantas (DP), cobertura do solo (CS), área foliar (AF) e massa seca da parte aérea (MS), usou-se o modelo da hipérbole retangular. As variáveis CS e DP podem ser usadas em substituição a AF e a MS para estimar as perdas de produtividades de grãos do foeijoeiro. A densidade de 260.000 plantas ha-1 do feijoeiro apresentou maior competitividade com o papuã e os maiores valores de NDEs, justificando a adoção de medidas de controle da planta daninha em densidades mais elevadas