Biofouling : a means of aquatic species transfer

Ships carry seawater in their ballast tanks when they are not fully loaded with cargo, in order to maintain adequate trim, draught and stability, adjust list and limit stresses on the hull. It is now well documented that the water pumped into the ship contains aquatic organisms – which can also sink to the sediments at the bottom of tanks – and that these organisms are thereby transferred from the port of origin to the destination. But it is seldom mentioned that aquatic organisms are also found on the outside of ships, attached on their hulls and appendages, as a result of a very dynamic process called ‘biofouling’.https://commons.wmu.se/nsbwo/1002/thumbnail.jp

Assessing and mitigating the environmental impacts of shipping in the Arctic

Report by World Maritime University for the Total Foundation project Assessing and mitigating the environmental impacts of shipping in the Arctic - Focus on the introduction of invasive species and pathogens .https://commons.wmu.se/arctic_shipping/1000/thumbnail.jp

Complex Systems Design: Sustainability Challenges for Shipbuilding

Ships are complex technical systems resulting from large scale and scope projects in which integration plays a key role, particularly because trade-offs have to be made between conflicting objectives. Merchant ships are usually built with a perspective of twenty-five years of service. Ship owners detail their requirements and ship specifications in line with their strategy to remain competitive on specific segments of the shipping markets. Ships serve and organize global trade flows. The rise in environmental regulations and technological changes generate unprecedented uncertainties for ship owners. Ships do not follow the usual systems engineering process, as there is no full-scale prototyping. Rules and standards deeply influence the design of ships and limit the possibilities to &amp;apos;think outside the box&amp;apos;. The purpose of this paper is to present environmental drivers relating to the operation of the ship which have, or will have, an influence on the way it is designed.Licens fulltext: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</p

Life Cycle Analysis and Decision Aiding: An example for roads evaluation.

Road infrastructure building in civil engineering implies high initial cost investments whereas environmental effects have extensively been considered: i) before the construction regarding infrastructure localisation inside a given territory ii) only taking into account possible impacts on territory during infrastructure exploitation. A more global approach of environmental impacts through the whole infrastructure life cycle would therefore be of great interest to give more complete evaluation for decision aiding. Among possible methods available for such an approach, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is a methodology considering together resources extraction and materials manufacturing, construction steps, exploitation and maintenance during life time of a manufactured product. Although LCA can be applied to road materials evaluation, the methodology has to be adapted for the full infrastructure because of different road layers service life cycles. Anyway, economic evaluation remains a valuable mean for choosing between several road variants. Economical aspects coupled with an LCA environmental evaluation can threfore provide a relevant multicriteria approach to the decision-maker. However, before such methodology application, the use and place of LCA in a decision process should be defined without ambiguity. Hence, this paper deals with similarities and differencies between LCA and what we call a Decision Aiding Process. Both processes are compared and analysed to determine how LCA can be used for taking decision

Le monde grec et l'Orient de 404 à 200 avant notre ère

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30th Franco-Belgian conference of Pharmacochemistry

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