Análisis de la soldadura de fundición laminar con aporte de varilla de acero AISI 304L y procedimiento TIG

[ES] El proyecto consiste en la unión soldada de una fundición gris (laminar) mediante procedimiento TIG y aporte de varilla desnuda de acero inoxidable AISI 304L, sometida dicha unión a tres tratamientos térmicos distintos, en frío, un tratamiento de recocido a 900 ºC y otro tratamiento con precalentamiento a 450ºC y enfriamiento lento, analizando el comportamiento estructural de dicha unión con los resultados obtenidos.[EN] The project consists of the welded joint of a gray cast iron (laminar) by means of TIG procedure and contribution of naked rod of stainless steel AISI 304L, submitted to three different thermal treatments, in cold, an annealing treatment at 900 ºC and another treatment with preheating to 450ºC and slow cooling, analyzing the structural behavior of this union with the results obtained.Borrás Pérez, V. (2018). Análisis de la soldadura de fundición laminar con aporte de varilla de acero AISI 304L y procedimiento TIG. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/107732TFG

Las mujeres rurales durante el período progresista en Uruguay: avances y tropiezos

Artículo originalEn el año 2005, el país cambió su orientación política cuando asumió el poder el gobierno del Frente Amplio. Fue el comienzo de un “período progresista”, en el cual se instauró una conducción ubicada más a la izquierda que las administraciones anteriores. Sin embargo, aun con una mejora en las condiciones de vida de la población en general y de la población rural en particular, las brechas de género parecen continuar en ese medio. En este trabajo se pretende mostrar algunos cambios en la situación socioeconómica de las mujeres rurales con datos disponibles del período 2000-2014. Para el análisis se parte de una concepción teórica con perspectiva de género. Fueron utilizados datos provenientes de las Encuestas Continuas de Hogares, los Censos de Población y Vivienda, y la encuesta realizada por el Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca a través de su Oficina de Programación y Política Agropecuaria (OPYPA), en el año 200

Pobreza como privación de capacidades : consideraciones sobre su abordaje empírico

Artículo originalEn los últimos años, en la academia y el ámbito de las políticas sociales, ha crecido el interés por la aplicación de medidas multidimensionales de pobreza, hecho que se ha visto favorecido por el desarrollo de nuevos marcos teóricos y propuestas metodológicas y mayor disponibilidad de fuentes de información estadística. En este contexto, una de las discusiones vigentes refiere a cuáles deben ser las dimensionesa ser consideradas en la medición multidimensional de la pobreza. Este artículo busca contribuir a este debate, partiendo para ello del concepto de pobreza propuesto en el enfoque de las capacidades y examinando sus posibilidades de operacionalización para el Uruguay. Dentro de los hallazgos se destacan un conjunto de dimensiones mencionadas recurrentemente en la bibliografía para la evaluación de la pobreza. Sin embargo, se advierten dos limitantes para la operacionalización; por un lado, las fuentes estadísticas oficiales relevan resultados de hogares e individuos, lo que puede aproximarse a los funcionamientos, pero no al abanico contra fáctico de las capacidades. Por otro, existe un conjunto de dimensiones relevantes que no son consideradas en las fuentes de información estadísticas utilizadas de modo habitual en estos ejercicios –encuestas de hogares y censos. Dentro de las dimensiones excluidas (o relevadas de tal forma que aportan poca información sobre los niveles de privación) destacan: salud, alimentación/nutrición, integración social, vestimenta y participación. El uso de otras fuentes secundarias – Encuestas Nacionales de Adolescencia y Juventud, Encuesta de Salud Nutricional de los Niños,Encuesta de Situaciones Familiares y Desempeños Sociales, por ejemplo- y el desarrollo de relevamientos específicos que aborden capacidades y funcionamientos, son dos líneas de trabajo presentes en la agenda de investigación nacional que pueden contribuir a superar las limitantes mencionada

Experimental study of MIMO-OFDM transmissions at 94 GHz in indoor environments

Millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequencies have been proposed to achieve high capacity in 5G communications. Although meaningful research on the channel characteristics has been performed in the 28, 38and 60 GHz bands ─in both indoor and short-range scenarios─,only a small number of trials (experiments) have been carried out in other mm-wave bands. The objective of this work is to study the viability and evaluate the performance of the 94 GHz frequency band for MIMO-OFDM transmission in an indoor environment. Starting from a measurement campaign, the performance of MIMO algorithms is studied in terms of throughput for four different antenna configurations.This work was supported in part by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MINECO, Spain under Grant TEC2016-78028-C3-2-P, and in part by the European FEDER funds

Aphid resistance: an overlooked ecological dimension of nonstructural carbohydrates in cereals

Nonstructural carbohydrates in cereals have been widely investigated from physiological, genetic, and breeding perspectives. Nonstructural carbohydrates may contribute to grain filling, but correlations with yield are inconsistent and sometimes negative. Here we ask if there are hidden functions of nonstructural carbohydrates, advance an ecological dimension to this question, and speculate that high concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates may challenge the osmotic homeostasis of aphids, thus providing a working hypothesis that connects nonstructural carbohydrates with aphid resistance in cereals. In the light of this proposition, the amount and concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates should be regarded as functionally different traits, with amount relevant to the carbon economy of the crop and concentration playing an osmotic role. We conclude with suggestions for experiments to test our hypothesis

Laser induced enhancement of dichroism in supported silver nanoparticles deposited by evaporation at glancing angles

were deposited on flat substrates by physical vapor deposition in a glancing angle configuration. The particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy and their optical properties examined by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy using linearly polarized light. It was found that, depending on the amount of deposited silver and the evaporation angle, part of the ‘as-prepared’ samples present NPs characterized by an anisotropic shape and a polarization dependent SPR absorption and different colors when using polarized white light at 0 and 90 . Low-power irradiation of these materials with an infrared Nd-YAG nanosecond laser in ambient conditions produced an enhancement in such dichroism. At higher powers, the dichroism was lost and the SPR bands shifted to lower wavelengths as a result of the reshaping of the silver NPs in the form of spheres. The possible factors contributing to the observed changes in dichroism are discussed

ICT tools for tackling bullying in schools: an analysis and opportunities

[EN] Bullying is defined as the act of repeatedly and intentionally causing harm to another person who feels helpless (i.e., the victim) against the perpetrator or group of perpetrators. These series of acts of physical and/or psychological violence have been reported to cause a negative impact on the victim on several aspects of his/her well-being and daily life. Recently, multidisciplinary research teams have noticed the potential of ICT tools as catalysts for fighting bullying in schools. A range of ICT-based tools such as elearning systems, intelligent tutoring systems, gamified applications, analytics, or even artificial intelligence have been proposed as technological assets against bullying. In this paper, we identify, categorize, and analyse the use of these ICT tools against bullying under a wide range of criteria such as their role (e.g., prevention, mitigation, detection, etc.), the potential investment that is required, the target age of users, and strengths and weaknesses of each tool. Then, we discuss on potential areas of expansion for the use of ICT tools in the fight bullying, and we identify new potential areas of research.This work has been partially funded by the Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2019/012).Alberola Oltra, JM.; Sanchez-Anguix, V.; Soto-González, MD.; Molines Borrás, S.; Monfort Torres, G.; Díaz Novillo, S. (2020). ICT tools for tackling bullying in schools: an analysis and opportunities. IATED. 4662-4667. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2020.1289S4662466

Wetting Angles on Illuminated Ta2O5 Thin Films with Controlled Nanostructure

Ta2O5 thin films with different nanostructure and surface roughness have been prepared by electron evaporation at different angles between the evaporation source and the substrates. Large variation of refraction indexes (n) from 1.40 to 1.80 were obtained by changing the geometry of evaporation and/or by annealing the evaporated films at increasing temperatures up to 1000 °C to make them crystalline. Very flat and compact thin films (n ) 2.02) were also obtained by assisting the growth by bombardment with O2 + ions of 800 eV kinetic energy. A similar correlation has been found between the wetting contact angle of water and the roughness of the films for the evaporated and evaporated + annealed samples, irrespective of their procedure of preparation and other microstructural characteristics. When the films were illuminated with UV light of h > Eg ) 4.2 eV (Eg, band gap energy of Ta2O5), their surface became superhydrophilic (contact angle < 10°) in a way quite similar to those reported for illuminated TiO2 thin films. The rate of transformation into the superhydrophilic state was smaller for the crystalline than for the amorphous films, suggesting that in Ta2O5 the size of crystal domains at the surface is an important parameter for the control of this kinetics. Changes in the water contact angle on films illuminated with visible light were also found when they were subjected to implantation with N2 + ions of 800 eV kinetic energy. The origin of this photoactivity is discussed in terms of the electronic band gap states associated with the nitrogen-implanted atoms. The possibility of preparing antireflective and self-cleaning coatings of Ta2O5 is discussed