Don Lupe Oro C2020: nueva variedad de trigo duro para el noroeste de México

El noroeste de México es la principal región productora de trigo cristalino (Triticum durum Desf.). Durante el año 2020 se cultivaron 159,229 ha con este tipo de trigo, las cuales representaron el 90.5 % de la superficie total sembrada en México. Dicha región alcanzó una producción de 1.19 millones de toneladas, con un valor de la producción de 5.25 mil millones de pesos (SIAP, 2021)

Carbon-sensitive pedotransfer functions for plant available water

Currently accepted pedotransfer functions show negligible effect of management-induced changes to soil organic carbon (SOC) on plant available water holding capacity (θAWHC), while some studies show the ability to substantially increase θAWHC through management. The Soil Health Institute\u27s North America Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements measured water content at field capacity using intact soil cores across 124 long-term research sites that contained increases in SOC as a result of management treatments such as reduced tillage and cover cropping. Pedotransfer functions were created for volumetric water content at field capacity (θFC) and permanent wilting point (θPWP). New pedotransfer functions had predictions of θAWHC that were similarly accurate compared with Saxton and Rawls when tested on samples from the National Soil Characterization database. Further, the new pedotransfer functions showed substantial effects of soil calcareousness and SOC on θAWHC. For an increase in SOC of 10 g kg–1 (1%) in noncalcareous soils, an average increase in θAWHC of 3.0 mm 100 mm–1 soil (0.03 m3 m–3) on average across all soil texture classes was found. This SOC related increase in θAWHC is about double previous estimates. Calcareous soils had an increase in θAWHC of 1.2 mm 100 mm–1 soil associated with a 10 g kg–1 increase in SOC, across all soil texture classes. New equations can aid in quantifying benefits of soil management practices that increase SOC and can be used to model the effect of changes in management on drought resilience

Linking soil microbial community structure to potential carbon mineralization: A continental scale assessment of reduced tillage

Potential carbon mineralization (Cmin) is a commonly used indicator of soil health, with greater Cmin values interpreted as healthier soil. While Cmin values are typically greater in agricultural soils managed with minimal physical disturbance, the mechanisms driving the increases remain poorly understood. This study assessed bacterial and archaeal community structure and potential microbial drivers of Cmin in soils maintained under various degrees of physical disturbance. Potential carbon mineralization, 16S rRNA sequences, and soil characterization data were collected as part of the North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements (NAPESHM). Results showed that type of cropping system, intensity of physical disturbance, and soil pH influenced microbial sensitivity to physical disturbance. Furthermore, 28% of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), which were important in modeling Cmin, were enriched under soils managed with minimal physical disturbance. Sequences identified as enriched under minimal disturbance and important for modeling Cmin, were linked to organisms which could produce extracellular polymeric substances and contained metabolic strategies suited for tolerating environmental stressors. Understanding how physical disturbance shapes microbial communities across climates and inherent soil properties and drives changes in Cmin provides the context necessary to evaluate management impacts on standardized measures of soil microbial activity

Carbon-sensitive pedotransfer functions for plant available water

Currently accepted pedotransfer functions show negligible effect of management-induced changes to soil organic carbon (SOC) on plant available water holding capacity (θAWHC), while some studies show the ability to substantially increase θAWHC through management. The Soil Health Institute\u27s North America Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements measured water content at field capacity using intact soil cores across 124 long-term research sites that contained increases in SOC as a result of management treatments such as reduced tillage and cover cropping. Pedotransfer functions were created for volumetric water content at field capacity (θFC) and permanent wilting point (θPWP). New pedotransfer functions had predictions of θAWHC that were similarly accurate compared with Saxton and Rawls when tested on samples from the National Soil Characterization database. Further, the new pedotransfer functions showed substantial effects of soil calcareousness and SOC on θAWHC. For an increase in SOC of 10 g kg–1 (1%) in noncalcareous soils, an average increase in θAWHC of 3.0 mm 100 mm–1 soil (0.03 m3 m–3) on average across all soil texture classes was found. This SOC related increase in θAWHC is about double previous estimates. Calcareous soils had an increase in θAWHC of 1.2 mm 100 mm–1 soil associated with a 10 g kg–1 increase in SOC, across all soil texture classes. New equations can aid in quantifying benefits of soil management practices that increase SOC and can be used to model the effect of changes in management on drought resilience

Linking soil microbial community structure to potential carbon mineralization: A continental scale assessment of reduced tillage

Potential carbon mineralization (Cmin) is a commonly used indicator of soil health, with greater Cmin values interpreted as healthier soil. While Cmin values are typically greater in agricultural soils managed with minimal physical disturbance, the mechanisms driving the increases remain poorly understood. This study assessed bacterial and archaeal community structure and potential microbial drivers of Cmin in soils maintained under various degrees of physical disturbance. Potential carbon mineralization, 16S rRNA sequences, and soil characterization data were collected as part of the North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements (NAPESHM). Results showed that type of cropping system, intensity of physical disturbance, and soil pH influenced microbial sensitivity to physical disturbance. Furthermore, 28% of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), which were important in modeling Cmin, were enriched under soils managed with minimal physical disturbance. Sequences identified as enriched under minimal disturbance and important for modeling Cmin, were linked to organisms which could produce extracellular polymeric substances and contained metabolic strategies suited for tolerating environmental stressors. Understanding how physical disturbance shapes microbial communities across climates and inherent soil properties and drives changes in Cmin provides the context necessary to evaluate management impacts on standardized measures of soil microbial activity

Ciano-lin: nueva variedad de cártamo linoléica

A new cultivar of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), was developed for safflower-producing areas in Mexico and was named CIANO-LIN. This variety was obtained in the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Field (CENEB), of the National Research Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock (INIFAP) and registered with the number CAR-011-290909 on the national register of plant varieties. CIANO-LIN is a linoleic variety highly tolerant to false mildew (Ramularia carthami Z.) with yields from 3 to 4 t ha-1 and good quality of linoleic-type oil for domestic and export market. CIANO-LIN exceeds the control Bacum' 92, in yield, disease tolerance, quality and quantity of linoleic oil type. CIANO-LIN can be planted during Autumn-Winter in the states of Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa and Sonora.Una nueva variedad de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.), fue desarrollada para las áreas productoras de cártamo en México, la cual se le dio el nombre de CIANO-LIN. Esta variedad fue obtenida en el Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug (CENEB), del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrí­colas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) y registrada con el níºmero CAR-011-290909 en el registro nacional de variedades de plantas. CIANO-LIN es una variedad linoléica altamente tolerante a la falsa cenicilla (Ramularia carthami Z.), con rendimientos de 3 a 4 t ha-1 y buena calidad de aceite de tipo linoleico para el mercado nacional y de exportación. CIANO-LIN supera al testigo Bacum'92, tanto en rendimiento, tolerancia a enfermedades, calidad y cantidad de aceite de tipo linoléico. CIANO-LIN se puede sembrar durante el ciclo otoño-invierno en los estados de Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa y Sonora

CENEB Oro C2017: nueva variedad de trigo duro para el noroeste de México

The cultivation of crystalline or hard wheat(Triticum durumL.) is one of the agricultural activities that generates more wealth in the State of Sonora, because this type of grain is commercialized in the international market. In 2017, the state exported this cereal for 176.3 million dollars, representing 6.6% of agricultural exports to South America, Europe and Africa (SAGARHA, 2018). In response to this importance of crystalline wheat and based on grain yield assessments conducted at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Field (CENEB), it was proposed to release the experimental line of durum wheat CNDO/PRIMADUR//HAI-OU-17/3/SNITAN/4/JUPAREC 2001/5/CNDO/PRIMADUR//HAIOU-17/3/SNITAN/6/RISSA/GAN//POHO-1/3/PLATA-3//CREX/ALLA*2/4/ARMENT//SRN-3/NIGRIS-4/3/CANELO-9.1, as a new variety called “CENEB Oro C2017”. Your crossover number and selection history is CDSS07Y00184S-099Y-099M-12Y-1M-04Y-0B. The study of progenitors, crossbreeding, selection of segregating populations and preliminary yield trials were conducted by the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement, and the performance trials quality evaluations, purifications and phenotypic characterization were carried out by the Institute National Agricultural and Livestock Forestry Research at CENEB, located in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora. The comparisons of yield and quality were made since 2011 with respect to CIRNO C2008, which has been the most planted variety in Sonora in recent years, but it lost its resistance to leaf rust and lacks color in the semolina. produces. CENEB OroC2017, was registered in accordance with the Federal Seed Certification and Marketing Act in force in Mexico and has the definitive registration TRI-146-231117 of the National Catalog of Plant Varieties of the National Inspection and Certification Service of Seeds and the breeder’s title with registration number 1897.El cultivo de trigo cristalino o duro (Triticum durum L.) es una de las actividades agrícolas que genera mas riqueza en el estado de Sonora, porque este tipo de grano se comercializa en el mercado internacional. En el año 2017, dicho estado exportó este cereal por 176.3 millones de dólares, que representan 6.6% de las exportaciones agrícolas con destino a Sudamérica, Europa y África (SAGARHA, 2018). En respuesta a esta importancia del trigo cristalino y con base en las evaluaciones de rendimiento de grano llevado a en el Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug (CENEB), se propuso la liberación de la línea experimental de trigo duro CNDO/PRIMADUR//HAI-OU17/3/SNITAN/4/JUPAREC2001/5/CNDO/PRIMADUR//HAIOU17/3/SNITAN/6/RISSA/GAN//POHO-1/3/PLATA-3//CREX/ALLA*2/4/ARMENT//SRN-3/ NIGRIS-4/3/CANELO-9.1, como nueva variedad denominada “CENEB Oro C2017”. Su número de cruza e historial de selección es CDSS07Y00184S-099Y-099M-12Y-1M-04Y-0B. El estudio de progenitores, cruzamiento, selección de poblaciones segregantes y ensayos preliminares de rendimiento fueron realizados por el Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo y los ensayos de rendimiento evaluaciones de calidad, purificaciones y caracterización fenotípica fueron realizados por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias en el CENEB, localizado en el Valle del Yaqui, Sonora. Las comparaciones de rendimiento y calidad se efectuaron desde 2011 con respecto a CIRNO C2008, ha sido la variedad más sembrada en Sonora en los últimos años, pero perdió su resistencia a la roya de la hoja y carece de color en la sémola que produce. CENEB Oro C2017, fue registrada de acuerdo con la Ley Federal de Producción Certificación y Comercialización de Semillas vigente en México y cuenta con el registro definitivo TRI-146-231117 del Catálogo Nacional de Variedades Vegetales del Servicio Nacional de Inspección y Certificación de Semillas y el título de obtentor con número de registro 1897

Productividad de higuerilla (Ricinus communis L.) en el norte de Sinaloa

Para determinar laproductividad de higuerilla en Sinaloa,se evaluaron la influenciade dos fechas de siembra,disponibilidad de aguay dos densidadesde siembraen el rendimiento de grano decuatrohíbridosde higuerilla, el ensayo se estableció enCampo Experimental Valle del Fuerte.Durante losciclosagrícolasotoño-inviernocon fecha de siembra del10 de diciembre de 2015 y primavera-verano 2015-2016 con fecha de siembra del 18 de febrero de 2016. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones,la parcela experimental fue de cuatro surcos de 20 m de largo, con una separación de 0.80 m, equivalente a 64 m2, se manejaron dosdensidades de población:23000y 26000 plantasha-1, y dos regímenes de riego por ensayo.El análisis estadístico indicóque los híbridos 2B-5, Chinatany HB-8, resultaron superiores en rendimientoy sin diferencias estadísticas, con días a madurez de 145 a 152, por lo que seconsiderande ciclo normal; la altura promedio fue de 20 m,considerada de porte medio. El ciclo que más favorece el desarrollo delcultivo para HB-8 y 2B-5 es O-I con densidad de 23000 plantasha-1y tres riegos de auxilio para primavera-verano,se recomiendan cuatro riegos de auxilio, densidad de 23000 plantasha-1y los híbridos de mejor respuesta fueron HB-8 y Chinatan con rendimientos superior a 3000 kgha-1To determine the productivity of castor oil plant in Sinaloa, the influence of two sowing dates, water availability and two planting densities on the grain yield of four castor oil planthybrids were evaluated, the trial was established at ValleyofFuerte Experimental Field. During the autumn-winter agricultural cycles with sowing date of December 10, 2015 and spring-summer 2015-2016 with sowing date of February 18, 2016. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used, the plot experimental was four furrows of 20 m long, with a separation of 0.80 m, equivalent to 64 m2, two population densities were managed: 23 000 and 26 000 plants ha-1, and two irrigation regimes per test. The statistical analysis indicated that hybrids 2B-5, Chinatan and HB-8, were higher in yield and without statistical differences, with days at maturity from 145 to 152, so they are considered normal cycle; the average height was 20 m, considered average. The cycle that most favors the development of the crop for HB-8 and 2B-5 is A-Wwith density of 23 000 plants ha-1and three irrigation of aid for spring-summer, four irrigation of aid is recommended, density of 23 000 plants ha-1and hybrids of better response were HB-8 and Chinatan with yields higher than 3 000 kg ha-1

Linking soil microbial community structure to potential carbon mineralization: A continental scale assessment of reduced tillage

Potential carbon mineralization (Cmin) is a commonly used indicator of soil health, with greater Cmin values interpreted as healthier soil. While Cmin values are typically greater in agricultural soils managed with minimal physical disturbance, the mechanisms driving the increases remain poorly understood. This study assessed bacterial and archaeal community structure and potential microbial drivers of Cmin in soils maintained under various degrees of physical disturbance. Potential carbon mineralization, 16S rRNA sequences, and soil characterization data were collected as part of the North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements (NAPESHM). Results showed that type of cropping system, intensity of physical disturbance, and soil pH influenced microbial sensitivity to physical disturbance. Furthermore, 28% of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), which were important in modeling Cmin, were enriched under soils managed with minimal physical disturbance. Sequences identified as enriched under minimal disturbance and important for modeling Cmin, were linked to organisms which could produce extracellular polymeric substances and contained metabolic strategies suited for tolerating environmental stressors. Understanding how physical disturbance shapes microbial communities across climates and inherent soil properties and drives changes in Cmin provides the context necessary to evaluate management impacts on standardized measures of soil microbial activity.Foundation for Food and Agriculture ResearchOpen access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

An evaluation of carbon indicators of soil health in long-term agricultural experiments

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is closely tied to soil health. However, additional biological indicators may also provide insight about C dynamics and microbial activity. We used SOC and the other C indicators (potential C mineralization, permanganate oxidizable C, water extractable organic C, and β-glucosidase enzyme activity) from the North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements to examine the continental-scale drivers of these indicators, the relationships among indicators, and the effects of soil health practices on indicator values. All indicators had greater values at cooler temperatures, and most were greater with increased precipitation and clay content. The indicators were strongly correlated with each other at the site-level, with the strongest relationship between SOC and permanganate oxidizable C. The indicator values responded positively to decreased tillage, inclusion of cover crops, application of organic nutrients, and retention of crop residue, but not the number of harvested crops in a rotation. The effect of decreased tillage on the C indicators was generally greater at sites with higher precipitation. The magnitude and direction of the response to soil health practices was consistent across indicators within a site but measuring at least two indicators would provide additional confidence of the effects of management, especially for tillage. All C indicators responded to management, an essential criterion for evaluating soil health. Balancing the cost, sensitivity, interpretability, and availability at commercial labs, a 24-hr potential C mineralization assay could deliver the most benefit to measure in conjunction with SOC.Samuel Roberts Noble FoundationOpen access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]