Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Red Betel Leaves (Piper crocatum) and Its Fractions against Escherichia coli pBR322

Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) is one of the typical Indonesian herbal plants that has an antibacterial function. This study aimed to test and measure the activity of 70% ethanol extract of red betel leaf and its fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions) as antibacterial against specific bacteria Escherichia coli pBR322 based on activity and minimum inhibitory concentration. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method and continued with fractionation based on the level of solvent polarity. Antibacterial activity was indicated by the presence of inhibition zones. The minimum inhibitory concentration was indicated by the appearance of the inhibition zone at the minimum concentration. Results showed that extraction process resulted in crude extract yield of 19.49%.   The best antibacterial activity was shown by 1000 ppm n-hexane fraction with an inhibition zone of 2.40 mm ± 0.14.  The best minimum inhibitory concentration was 100 ppm n-hexane fraction with an inhibition zone of 0.60 mm ± 0.56

Pengaruh Pemberian Youghurt Terhadap Pertumbuhan Gigi Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus Galur Wistar)

The purpose of this research is to get information about the effect of yoghurt on the growing teeth of Rat (Rattus norvegicus strain wistaf). This research used 30 male rats, which divided into three groups. Each group consist of 10 rats. One group was one month old and the others were two and three months old. One of the rats' incisor teeth was cut and the rest length of the teeth were measured by sliding ruler. Each group of the rats was divided into two sub groups. One sub group was given 1,O ml of yoghurt, the others were glven 1,5 mi and 2,O ml of yoghurt once a day for 10 days. The other sub group was given aquadest with the same dose as a control group. Everyday the length of the teeth was measured. The results of this research indicated that yoghurt can accelerate the growth of the rat's teeth, but based on the statistical analyzed it showed nosrgnificant difference

N-hexane Extract and Fraction of Green Tea as Antiproliferation of MCM-B2 Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of tradisional plants that have potential as anticancer. Thesample used in this research was commercial green tea extract. The purpose of this study was to test theantiproliferation activity of green tea extract on breast cancer cell MCM-B2 in vitro. Green tea extract wasfractionated using three solvents, ie water, ethanol 70%, and n-hexane. Extract and water fraction of greentea have Lethality Concentration 50 (LC50) value of more than 1000 ppm. Fractions of ethanol 70% and nhexane had an LC50 value of 883.48 ppm and 600.56 ppm, respectively. The results of phytochemicalscreening of green tea extract are flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, while the phytochemical screeningresults of n-hexane fraction are flavonoids and tannins. Antiproliferation activity was tested on breast cancercells MCM-B2 and normal cells Vero by tripan blue staining method. The highest MCM-B2 cell inhibitoryactivity was achieved at a concentration of 13000 ppm green tea extract and 1000 ppm of n-hexane fraction,59% and 59%, respectively. The extract and n-hexane fraction of green tea are not toxic to normal Verocells characterized by not inhibiting normal cell proliferation

Pengaruh Pemberian Youghurt terhadap Pertumbuhan Gigi Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus Galur Wistar)

The purpose of this research is to get information about the effect of yoghurt on the growing teeth of Rat (Rattus norvegicus strain wistaf). This research used 30 male rats, which divided into three groups. Each group consist of 10 rats. One group was one month old and the others were two and three months old. One of the rats\u27 incisor teeth was cut and the rest length of the teeth were measured by sliding ruler. Each group of the rats was divided into two sub groups. One sub group was given 1,O ml of yoghurt, the others were glven 1,5 mi and 2,O ml of yoghurt once a day for 10 days. The other sub group was given aquadest with the same dose as a control group. Everyday the length of the teeth was measured. The results of this research indicated that yoghurt can accelerate the growth of the rat\u27s teeth, but based on the statistical analyzed it showed nosrgnificant difference

EFFECT OF 3, 5, 3'-TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) HORMONE ON NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF THE MUSCLE AND THE GROWTH OF GIANT GOURAMY, OSPHRONEMUS GOURAMY LAC.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyroninc (Tj) hormone on nucleic acid and protein content of the muscle and the growth of giant gouramy, Osphronemus gouramy  Lac. Five experimental diets, which contain isocaloric diets, but different in T3 hormone level were used in this experiment (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg T3 hormone/kg diet). The experimental diets were tested to three different groups offish for sixty days feeding trial. Fish body weight in groups I, II, and III were 0.39-0.42 g/fish; 19.11 -21.99 g/fish, and 37.52-40.79 g/fish, respectively. The results showed that the highest RNA, DNA concentration and RNA/DNA ratio of the muscle were produced by 10.0 mg T3 hormone/kg diet for group I and II; and 2.5 mg T3 hormone/kg diet for group III. Similar results also were found for the protein content of the whole body, protein retention, and the daily growth rate of the fish. Key words :   Osphronemus gouramy/Ti hormone/nucleic acid/protcin/growt

Identifikasi Lektin Umbi dari Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume

Typhonium flagelliforme atau yang dikenal dengan keladi tikus merupakan tumbuhan perdu yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia. Tumbuhan ini mengandung lektin pada umbinya yang memiliki aktivitas antikanker. Namun hingga saat ini, tidak ada informasi ilmiah yang mengkaji mengenai lektin yang terdapat di umbi T. flagelliforme yang tumbuh diberbagai wilayah Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkarakterisasi lektin umbi dari tujuh aksesi T. flagelliforme di Indonesia. Umbi yang digunakan dalam penelitian berumur 6 bulan tanam. Ekstrak protein umbi yang didapat dianalisis kandungan protein, toksisitas, dan aktivitas hemaglutinasinya. Aksesi yang memiliki aktivitas hemaglutinasi tertinggi, lektinnya dipurifikasi menggunakan kolom DEAE-Sepharose dan CM monolitic. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa protein umbi dari setiap aksesi memiliki toksisitas dan aktivitas hemaglutinasi. Aksesi Solok memiliki total protein dan aktivitas hemaglutinasi tertinggi dibanding aksesi lainnya. Aksesi ini memiliki kandungan lektin dengan bobot molekul 12,67 kDa. Lektin ini stabil pada temperatur 20 hingga 40 °C dan pada pH 5,0 hingga 7,2. Informasi karaktersitik ini dapat membantu dalam pengembangan obat antikanker berbasis lektin.Typhonium flagelliforme (keladi tikus) is a herbaceous plant that is widely distributed in Indonesia. The plant produces tuber containing lectin protein that is considered to have anticancer activity. However, there is no sufficient information about tuber lectin of T. flagelliforme originated from Indonesia. The objective of the research was to identify and characterize tuber lectin from seven accession of T. flagelliforme from Indonesia. Tubers were harvested from 6 month-old plants of T. flagelliforme. Protein content, toxicity, and hemagglutination activities of the tuber crude protein extracts were determined. The accession with highest hemagglutination activity of tuber protein was used for tuber lectin purification using DEAE-Sepharose and CM monolitic column. The results showed that tuber protein from all accessions have hemagglutination and toxicity activities. Solok accession has the highest total soluble tuber protein and hemagglutination activity compared than those of the other accessions. The accession contained 12,67 kDa lectin protein. The Solok tuber lectin was thermally stable at 20 to 40 °C, and relatively stable at pH 5.0 to 7.2. Those protein characteristics of tuber lectin will be useful to develop lectin based anticancer medicine

Antihyperglycemic Activity of Piper crocatum Leaves and Cinnamomum burmannii Bark Mixture Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Indonesia presently has the fourth largest diabetic mellitus prevalence of all countries in the world. In a previous study, a mixture extract of Piper crocatum leaves and Cinnamomum burmannii bark showed in vitro antihyperglycemic activity. It acted as inhibitor of the a-glucosidase enzyme and had no toxic effect when it was administered orally to male and female rats for 28 days. In the present study, mixture extracts of P. crocatum leaves and C. burmannii bark were used to observe antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin. Mixture extracts of P. crocatum leaves and C. burmannii bark were orally given to diabetic Sprague Dawley rats at various doses for 16 days. The results showed that the treatment led to a reduction of the blood glucose level, an increase in blood insulin level up to 170.75% at 1260 mg/kg body weight, maintaining the blood lipid level of the diabetic rats at a normal level, and an increase of pancreatic ß cells in the islets of Langerhans up to 2.2-fold at 1260 mg/kg body weight. The mixture extracts of P. crocatum and C. burmannii have antihyperglycemic activity, which enhances the number of pancreatic β cells

Internalisasi Nilai-nilai Pendidikan terhadap Perubahan Sosial melalui Pendekatan Model Dakwah Millenial di Perguruan Tinggi

Pendidikan merupakan segala usaha untuk dapat membuat seseorang agar dapat mengembangkan potensi yang dimilikinya, berbagai kecerdasan baik dalam aspek spiritual dalam beragama, dalam pengendalian diri, dalam hal kepribadian, memiliki akhlak yang mulia, dan juga memiliki keterampilan yang dibutuhkan serta berguna sebagai manusia dan anggota masyarakat serta warna negara. Jadi dalam kehidupan bersosial, kita tidak bisa jauh dari pada nilai-nilai agama, termasuk kehidupan dalam dunia perkuliahan. Adapun permasalahan dalam bersosial yaitu perubahan sosial, terutama dalam lingkup kampus yang berisi orang-orang dari berbagai macam latar belakang. Oleh karena itu, tujuan daripada dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu guna mengetahui internalisasi nilai-nilai pendidikan terhadap perubahan sosial dalam lingkungan kampus, terutama dalam aspek agama yang memang berpengaruh dalam suatu perubahan sosial. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif, kajian literatur dan deskriptif. Dari penelitian ini kita dapat mengetahui bahwa pendidikan agama dapat berpengaruh terhadap perubahan sosial seseorang terutama dalam lingkungan kampus, dan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan yaitu dakwah milenial yang dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan-kegiatan kemahasiswaan di ORMAWA (Organisasi Mahasiswa) atau UKM (Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa) terkait

Analysis of Metabolite Compound Profiles of Miana Leaves Endophytic Bacteria (Coleus scutellariodes) using GC-MS

Exploration of bioactive compounds from endophytic bacteria as novel source of antibacterial need to be explored, as an alternative to substitute synthetic antibiotics. Based on previous studies, DM6 was a potential isolate that showed antibacterial activity. The isolate has been identified as Brevibacillus sp. based on 16S rRNA analysis. This study aimed to identify antibacterial compounds produced by DM6 isolate using GC-MS. The GC-MS results showed that the chloroform extract of DM6 isolate contained : 1-Octadecene (CAS).alpha.-Octadecene, Hexanedioic acid, dioctyl ester (CAS) Dioctyl adipate, Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- (CAS) 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol, and 1,4-diaza-2,5-dioxobicyclo[4.3.0]nonane. Adipic acid/hexanedioic acid and phenols are also known to contained in the leaves of Coleus scutellariodes. This indicated that endophytic bacteria were able to synthesize antibacterial compounds which similar with the host plant

Immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae Lipase on Zeolit, CaCO3, Silica Gel, and Cow Bone

Food production in Indonesia is constrained by the high cost of lipase that is still imported from abroad. To overcome this problem, research of food production has been conducted using crude extract of lipase produced by indigenous species of fungi Rhizopus oryzae. The R. oryzae is edible indicating that it is safe to be used in the production of food products. Enzymes have an ability to catalyze specific chemical reactions with high efficiency and low energy cost. Enzyme immobilization is a recovery techique that has been studied in several years, using supporting materials as a medium to help enzyme dissolutions to the substrate. Several supporting materials such as zeolit, CaCO3, silica gel, and cow bone were selected by its ability to adsorb lipase. CaCO3 shows enzyme loading rate respectively 99.46%, giving more lipase to adsorb than zeolit (90.69%), cow bone (91.56%), and silica gel (59.63%). In this research, condition factors, such as optimum pH, optimum temperature, and storage ability of the matrix were investigated. Free lipase reacts optimally at pH 7 and temperature 30°C. Identical result showed for lipase in cow bone. Lipase in CaCO3 reacts optimally at pH 8 and temperature 35°C. Lipase in zeolit and silica gel reacts optimally at pH 8 and temperature 30°C. Half life time estimation was one week in storage condition temperature at 4°C and each optimum pH