Análisis del impacto en el alumnado del uso de las tabletas digitales: Estudio de caso de una experiencia innovadora en el CRIE de Berlanga de Duero (Soria)

La aparición en el mercado de la tableta digital ha marcado un antes y un después en la enseñanza. Esta herramienta tecnológica se perfila como un recurso innovador de cara a su utilización educativa. La escuela no puede quedarse al margen de esta revolución tecnológica. Analizar el impacto sobre el alumnado del uso de las tabletas digitales, extraer sus ventajas e inconvenientes y generar ideas sobre su uso nos puede llevar a una educación de calidad. Entorno a esta idea gira el planteamiento de este trabajo fin de grado que se centra en un estudio de caso a partir de la entrevista a dos maestros y en la respuesta a un cuestionario por parte de 181 alumnos de quinto curso de Educación Primaria que asisten al programa CRIE en Berlanga de Duero (Soria).Grado en Educación Primari

Impacto educativo de las tabletas digitales: estudio de caso de una experiencia innovadora

RESUMEN: Vivimos en la era de la información, donde las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) han invadido todos los espacios de la vida de las personas. Las autoridades empiezan a ser conscientes de ello y en lo que al ámbito de la educación se refiere, se está comenzado a apostar por su inclusión en las aulas. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de un trabajo de investigación llevado a cabo en un Centro Rural de Innovación Educativa (CRIE) de Educación Primaria en Berlanga de Duero (Soria, España) tras desarrollar un programa educativo centrado en el uso de tabletas digitales. Los objetivos de la investigación se centraron en analizar el impacto que tuvo su uso, extrayendo sus ventajas e inconvenientes. Así mismo, se realizan algunas propuestas de mejora de cara a la búsqueda de una educación de calidad. Metodológicamente se trata de un estudio de caso instrumental: el contexto es una escuela española; no obstante, al tratarse de esta tipología de estudio de caso, las conclusiones permiten comprender otros casos de naturaleza similar, por ejemplo en escuelas colombianas. Las técnicas utilizadas han sido las entrevistas al profesorado del CRIE y encuestas al alumnado.ABSTRACT: Information and communication technologies have invaded all spaces; among these, in the field of education, its inclusion in the classroom is rapidly increasing. The article shows the results of an investigation carried out in a rural center of innovation in primary education after developing an educational program focused on the use of digital tablets. The impact of their use is analyzed, extracting advantages and disadvantages; then, proposals are presented with the aim of pursuing a quality education. It is an instrumental case study: the context is a Spanish school, but the findings allow us to understand other similar cases. The methodology used was interviews with faculty and surveys to students.Resumo: As tecnologias da informação e a comunicação invadiram todos os espaços, entre estes o âmbito da educação, onde se está apostando por sua inclusão nas aulas. O artigo mostra os resultados de uma investigação realizada em um centro rural de inovação educativa de educação primária depois de desenvolver um programa educativo centrado no uso de tablets digitais. Analisa-se o impacto que o seu uso teve, extraindo vantagens e inconvenientes e se realizam propostas de cara à busca de uma educação de qualidade. Trata-se de um estudo de caso instrumental: o contexto é uma escola espanhola; porém as conclusões permitem compreender outros casos de natureza similar. As técnicas utilizadas têm sido as entrevistas ao professorado e as enquetes aos alunos

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Impacto educativo dos tablets digitais: estudo de caso de uma experiência inovadora

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han invadido todos los espacios, entre estos el ámbito de la educación, donde se está apostando por su inclusión en las aulas. El artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo en un centro rural de innovación educativa de educación primaria tras desarrollar un programa educativo centrado en el uso de tabletas digitales. Se analiza el impacto que tuvo su uso, extrayendo ventajas e inconvenientes y se realizan propuestas de cara a la búsqueda de una educación de calidad. Se trata de un estudio de caso instrumental: el contexto es una escuela española; pero las conclusiones permiten comprender otros casos de naturaleza similar. Las técnicas utilizadas han sido las entrevistas al profesorado y encuestas al alumnado. Information and communication technologies have invaded all spaces; among these, in the field of education, its inclusion in the classroom is rapidly increasing. The article shows the results of an investigation carried out in a rural center of innovation in primary education after developing an educational program focused on the use of digital tablets. The impact of their use is analyzed, extracting advantages and disadvantages; then, proposals are presented with the aim of pursuing a quality education. It is an instrumental case study: the context is a Spanish school, but the findings allow us to understand other similar cases. The methodology used was interviews with faculty and surveys to students.As tecnologias da informação e a comunicação invadiram todos os espaços, entre estes o âmbito da educação, onde se está apostando por sua inclusão nas aulas. O artigo mostra os resultados de uma investigação realizada em um centro rural de inovação educativa de educação primária depois de desenvolver um programa educativo centrado no uso de tablets digitais. Analisa-se o impacto que o seu uso teve, extraindo vantagens e inconvenientes e se realizam propostas de cara à busca de uma educação de qualidade. Trata-se de um estudo de caso instrumental: o contexto é uma escola espanhola; porém as conclusões permitem compreender outros casos de natureza similar. As técnicas utilizadas têm sido as entrevistas ao professorado e as enquetes aos alunos

Aplicaciones para tablet: recurso educativo innovador para el conocimiento del entorno

La aparición en el mercado de la tableta digital ha marcado un antes y un después en la enseñanza. La utilización de aplicaciones para esta herramienta tecnológica se perfila como recursos innovador de cara a su utilización educativa. La escuela no puede quedarse al margen de esta revolución tecnológica. Mediante la presente comunicación se expone el proceso de desarrollo de un conjunto de aplicaciones y su utilización para fomentar el conocimiento del entorno (físico, geográfico, artístico, cultural, etc.). Posteriormente se pretende analizar el impacto pedagógico (ventajas e inconvenientes) que tiene la utilización de las tablets. Se trata de un estudio de caso en un centro de Centro Rural de Innovación Educativa en Berlanga de Duero (Soria, España)

El oficio de arqueólogo : Atapuerca

Trabajo no publicadoEl proyecto se incluye en las actividades desarrolladas por el Centro de Formación del Profesorado e Innovación Educativa de Burgos con la participación de un total de 29 profesores y ha sido llevado a cabo en el Colegio Público Río Arlanzón. El proyecto se encuadra en la elaboración de materiales didácticos que favorezcan el conocimiento del patrimonio histórico y artístico de la comunidad autónoma. Los objetivos que se plantea son: localizar Atapuerca en la provincia; identificar y conocer personalidades que estudian Atapuerca: Aguirre, Carbonell, Arsuaga y Bermúdez; indagar en los oficios que trabajan en los yacimientos y sus tareas; ofrecer explicaciones multicausales sobre qué se investiga en Atapuerca; expresar opiniones y discutir sobre el hombre de Atapuerca: sus útiles, huesos, partes y yacimientos; experimentar, comprender e interpretar algunos aspectos de la formación de un yacimiento (sima); expresar, producir: objetos, dibujos, maquetas, biografías y otras producciones que se deriven de la experiencia; comunicar los aprendizajes en una exposición. En el desarrollo de la experiencia se abordan diversas áreas curriculares: conocimiento del medio (Atapuerca y sus cuevas, geografía física de Atapuerca, sedimentación y rocas, vegetación, fauna y clima, fósiles, el hombre de Atapuerca, visita a Atapuerca); matemáticas (de Burgos a Atapuerca -kilometraje-, la cima de Atapuerca -altitud-, extensión de la Sierra de la Demanda -superficie-, descubrimiento de cuevas -años-, evolución del hombre -millones de años-, datos numéricos de los yacimientos, profundidad de las cuevas -alturas-); lengua y literatura (conversaciones, descripciones y lecturas sobre el tema, biografía de Carbonell y Arsuaga, artículos de revistas especializadas, el lenguaje en el hombre de Atapuerca, explicaciones sobre la evolución del hombre, búsqueda de datos y análisis de textos, producciones orales y escritas, elaboración de fichas y datos para la exposición); lengua extranjera (lectura de temas divulgativos en lengua extranjera, vocabulario y producción de texto en inglés); artística (procedimientos plásticos: modelado y maquetado, dibujo de animales y del hombre de Atapuerca (mandíbulas, frontales, dientes), modelado de objetos del yacimiento, experimentación con piedra, explicación del hecho artístico del hombre primitivo -cultura rupestre-, experimentación de mezclas de pigmentos); música (búsqueda de recursos musicales que tengan relación con la naturaleza, la lucha y lo primitivo); educación física (representación y dramatización, a través de la expresión corporal, del hombre de Atapuerca). El plan de trabajo desarrollado se estructuró en tres fases: en una primera fase se realizó la visita guiada a Atapuerca, hipótesis del significado y recogida de datos; en la segunda fase se buscaron los recursos para el aula y se desarrollaron la lectura, análisis, producciones y entrevistas; por último en la tercera fase se realizó la exposición de productos y elaboración de un folleto.Junta de Castilla y LeónCastilla y LeónES

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts