Adolescents adoptés et troubles du comportement : perspectives psychopathologiques

[Adopted adolescents and behavioral disorders : psychopathological perspectivs

Les limites de l’expertise psychiatrique dans l’évaluation de la dangerosité juvénile

La loi belge de 1990 relative à la protection de la personne des malades mentaux a instauré un débat quant aux soins contraints et quant aux rapports entre psychiatrie et justice. En 2006, la loi de 1990 (qui vise les malades mentaux) est étendue à celle de 1965 (qui vise les mineurs en danger, dont les délinquants). Mais l’intégration de la loi de 1965 à celle de 1990 menace grandement l’objectif global de la loi sur la protection de la jeunesse. Comment conserver l’esprit de la loi de 1965,..

Lichaamsbeweging en depressie

Een recent rapport van het National Institute for Health and Care Excellence vernoemt oefentherapie in groep als eerstelijnsbehandeling voor volwassen patiënten met een depressie, ook voor ernstige gevallen. Het gaat erom tegelijk de symptomen van de depressie terug te dringen, maar ook de slechtere fysieke toestand van de patiënten te verbeteren. Bij adolescenten met een depressie wordt lichaamsbeweging voorgesteld maar niet erkend als aanvullende eerstelijnsbehandeling. Bemoedigende nieuwe studies toonden nochtans een duidelijk effect tegen depressie aan bij jongeren, vooral in psychiatrische ziekenhuizen. De antidepressieve effecten van oefening in groep zouden het gevolg kunnen zijn van neurobiologische (neuroplasticiteit, ontsteking, endocriene respons…) en psychosociale (lichaamsbeeld, gevoel van eigenwaarde, gevoel van zelfredzaamheid, sociale steun…) mechanismen. Een dergelijk oefenprogramma omvat begeleiding door opgeleid personeel en zorgt voor een kader en structuur met sessies die specifiek zijn afgestemd op mensen met een depressie. De lichaamsbeweging moet aeroob zijn, van matige intensiteit met ten minste twee sessies per week bij volwassenen en drie bij adolescenten gedurende ten minste tien weken. Er moet voor worden gezorgd dat het programma aantrekkelijk is en aangepast aan de fysieke en mentale moeilijkheden van elk individu om actieve deelname aan te moedigen

Activité physique et dépression

Un rapport récent du National Institute for Health and Care Excellence inclut la thérapie par l’exercice en groupe parmi les traitements de première ligne auprès des patients adultes souffrant de dépression, y compris dans les cas graves. L’intérêt est à la fois de réduire les symptômes dépressifs mais aussi d’améliorer leur santé physique plus faible. Chez l’adolescent souffrant de dépression, la pratique de l’exercice physique est suggérée mais n’est pas reconnue comme faisant partie des traitements complémentaires de première ligne. Cependant, de nouvelles études encourageantes ont montré un effet antidépresseur notable chez les jeunes, notamment en milieu hospitalier psychiatrique. Les effets antidépresseurs de l’exercice en groupe pourraient être dus à des mécanismes neurobiologiques (neuroplasticité, inflammation, réponse endocrine…) et psycho-sociaux (image de son corps, estime de soi, sentiment d’auto-efficacité, support social…). Un tel programme d’exercices physiques implique une supervision par un personnel qualifié, assurant un cadre et une structure de séances spécialement conçus pour les personnes souffrant de dépression. L’exercice doit être aérobie, d’intensité modérée avec au moins 2 séances par semaine chez l’adulte et 3 chez l’adolescent pendant au moins 10 semaines. Il faudra veiller à ce que le programme soit attrayant et adapté aux difficultés physiques et psychiques de chaque individu pour favoriser sa participation active

Data on the impact of physical exercise treatment on depression and anxiety in a psychiatric hospital for adolescents.

The present data article provides a dataset of psychological scores, additional description of used measures, and descriptive data of participants related to the research article entitled "Impact of physical exercise on depression and anxiety in adolescent inpatients: a randomized controlled trial" (Philippot et al., 2022). This randomized controlled trial aimed at assessing the effect of add-on treatment with structured physical exercise compared to social relaxation activities in a clinical population of adolescents hospitalized for depression and anxiety in a psychiatric hospital. A group of 40 adolescents was randomly assigned to either a physical exercise or a control program three to four times per week over six weeks. The primary outcome was the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) for evaluation of depression and anxiety symptoms. Secondary outcomes were psychological self-assessments (The Zung Self-Assessment Depression Scale (SDS), Beck's abbreviated Depression Inventory (BDI-13), The Child Depression Inventory (CDI), The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)), diagnostic interview (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale), and physical examinations (an adapted version of the Astrand-Rhyming Sub-Maximal Effort Test and BMI measures). These questionnaires and tests were filled at baseline and after intervention

Impact of physical exercise on depression and anxiety in adolescent inpatients: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise therapy is of proven efficacy in the treatment of adults with depression, but corresponding evidence is lacking in depressed adolescent inpatients. The aim of this study was to document the effect of add-on treatment with structured physical exercise in a clinical population of adolescents hospitalized for depression and anxiety in a psychiatric hospital. METHODS: A group of 52 adolescent inpatients was randomly assigned to a physical exercise or control program three to four times per week over a six-week period (20 hours in total). The primary outcome was the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) for evaluation of depression and anxiety symptoms. Secondary outcomes were psychological self-assessments, diagnostic interviews, and physical examinations. RESULTS: Six participants were lost in each group, leaving 20 inpatients each in the intervention and control groups. A linear mixed model with F-test revealed a significant interaction in favor of physical exercise in reducing the mean depression score (HADS-D) by 3.8 points [95% (CI), range 1.8 to 5.7], compared to a mean reduction score of 0.7 [95% (CI), range -0,7 to 2.0] in the control group. No significant interaction was found for anxiety symptoms (HADS-A). LIMITATIONS: The investigation was limited to the six-week hospital window and the small sample size prevented exploring differences in social characteristics. CONCLUSION: Structured physical exercise add-on therapy integrated into the psychiatric hospitalization of adolescents has led to a reduction in their depressive symptoms, demonstrating its effectiveness in the care of adolescent inpatients with depression

Spatially enriched paralog rearrangements argue functionally diverse ribosomes arise during cold acclimation in arabidopsis

Ribosome biogenesis is essential for plants to successfully acclimate to low temperature. Without dedicated steps supervising the 60S large subunits (LSUs) maturation in the cytosol, e.g., Rei-like (REIL) factors, plants fail to accumulate dry weight and fail to grow at suboptimal low temperatures. Around REIL, the final 60S cytosolic maturation steps include proofreading and assembly of functional ribosomal centers such as the polypeptide exit tunnel and the P-Stalk, respectively. In consequence, these ribosomal substructures and their assembly, especially during low temperatures, might be changed and provoke the need for dedicated quality controls. To test this, we blocked ribosome maturation during cold acclimation using two independent reil double mutant genotypes and tested changes in their ribosomal proteomes. Additionally, we normalized our mutant datasets using as a blank the cold responsiveness of a wild-type Arabidopsis genotype. This allowed us to neglect any reil-specific effects that may happen due to the presence or absence of the factor during LSU cytosolic maturation, thus allowing us to test for cold-induced changes that happen in the early nucleolar biogenesis. As a result, we report that cold acclimation triggers a reprogramming in the structural ribosomal proteome. The reprogramming alters the abundance of specific RP families and/or paralogs in non-translational LSU and translational polysome fractions, a phenomenon known as substoichiometry. Next, we tested whether the cold-substoichiometry was spatially confined to specific regions of the complex. In terms of RP proteoforms, we report that remodeling of ribosomes after a cold stimulus is significantly constrained to the polypeptide exit tunnel (PET), i.e., REIL factor binding and functional site. In terms of RP transcripts, cold acclimation induces changes in RP families or paralogs that are significantly constrained to the P-Stalk and the ribosomal head. The three modulated substructures represent possible targets of mechanisms that may constrain translation by controlled ribosome heterogeneity. We propose that non-random ribosome heterogeneity controlled by specialized biogenesis mechanisms may contribute to a preferential or ultimately even rigorous selection of transcripts needed for rapid proteome shifts and successful acclimation