Bauernhofeffekt und Bio-Milchkonsum vor dem Hintergrund des Grundprinzips Gesundheit in der Ökologischen Landwirtschaft

The farm effect, reported in more than 40 studies, is associated with the more wellknown hygiene hypothesis. In particular the early consumption of untreated milk in a human's life may, besides genetic predisposition, impact the immune system of children and may prevent atopic diseases in their whole lifespan. Due to the special role of untreated milk, the question was answered, which milk causes a remarkable farm effect. There is evidence for differences between effects of treatment degrees of milk as well as its organic and conventional origin. These findings were evaluated before the background of organic agriculture by comprehensively reviewing existing interdisciplinary literature including medicinal studies and by conducting an expert interview. In consequence traditional lifestyle habits such as farm visits by children and organic milk consumption should be implemented in future preventive approaches, particularly because health has always been eminent in the principles of the organic agricultural movement

Review of Higher Education Access and Outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Final Report

National review into Indigenous higher education issue

Preventing young farmers from leaving the farm: investigating the effectiveness of the young farmer payment using a behavioural approach

The number of young farmers has decreased over recent decades in several developed countries such as the United States and European countries. A recent strategy adopted by the European Union to address the resulting age imbalance is the Young Farmer Payment which provides an additional payment on top of the average basic payment introduced in the last Common Agricultural Policy reform. The objective of this study is to determine, by means of a behavioural approach, how this payment in fl uenced the incentives of young farmers to stay in the farm. Using the endogenous succession cycle model and the structural modelling technique, we found that the payment a ff ected young farmers ’ willingness to stay through its in fl uence on non-economic motivational goals. However, we also found that there are other factors that can be even more in fl uential, such as pessimism about farming, community and family integration, participation in decision making, and the opinion of neighbours, among others. Based on the results, we argue that similar policies could be adopted in other countries, although policies would be more e ff ective in addressing age imbalances if they are accompanied with complementary strategies aimed to deal with the identi fi ed social and psychological considerations

Electrically-assisted bikes: potential impacts on travel behaviour

This paper reports on a review of the European literature about the impacts of having an electrically-assisted bike available to use, together with results from a trial in the UK city of Brighton, where 80 employees were loaned an electrically-assisted bike for a 6–8 week period. In the Brighton trial, three-quarters of those who were loaned an e-bike used them at least once a week. Across the sample as a whole, average usage was in the order of 15–20 miles per week, and was accompanied by an overall reduction in car mileage of 20%. At the end of the trial, 38% participants expected to cycle more in the future, and at least 70%said that they would like to have an e-bike available for use in the future, and would cycle more if this was the case. This is consistent with the results of the European literature which shows that when e-bikes are made available, they get used; that a proportion of e-bike trips typically substitutes for car use; and that many people who take part in trials become interested in future e-bike use, or cycling more generall

Product Service System Innovation in the Smart City

Product service systems (PSS) may usefully form part of the mix of innovations necessary to move society toward more sustainable futures. However, despite such potential, PSS implementation is highly uneven and limited. Drawing on an alternate socio-technical perspective of innovation, this paper provides fresh insights, on among other things the role of context in PSS innovation, to address this issue. Case study research is presented focusing on a use orientated PSS in an urban environment: the Copenhagen city bike scheme. The paper shows that PSS innovation is a situated complex process, shaped by actors and knowledge from other locales. It argues that further research is needed to investigate how actors interests shape PSS innovation. It recommends that institutional spaces should be provided in governance landscapes associated with urban environments to enable legitimate PSS concepts to co-evolve in light of locally articulated sustainability principles and priorities

Компьютерное моделирование напряженно-деформированного состояния сварных конструкций

В данной работе показано, что при оценке и обеспечении живучести сварныхметаллоконструкций важную роль играют технологические факторы. Учет их влияния реализуется на основе применения метода конечных элементов. Описана численная методика расчета остаточных сварочных напряжений и деформаций в элементах сварных металлоконструкций.Численнообосновантехнологическийметодповышенияживучестиуказанногоклассаметаллоконструкций