What constitutes a nanoswitch? A Perspective

Progress in the last two decades has effectively integrated spintronics and nanomagnetics into a single field, creating a new class of spin-based devices that are now being used both to Read (R) information from magnets and to Write (W) information onto magnets. Many other new phenomena are being investigated for nano-electronic memory as described in Part II of this book. It seems natural to ask whether these advances in memory devices could also translate into a new class of logic devices. What makes logic devices different from memory is the need for one device to drive another and this calls for gain, directionality and input-output isolation as exemplified by the transistor. With this in mind we will try to present our perspective on how W and R devices in general, spintronic or otherwise, could be integrated into transistor-like switches that can be interconnected to build complex circuits without external amplifiers or clocks. We will argue that the most common switch used to implement digital logic based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors can be viewed as an integrated W-R unit having an input-output asymmetry that give it gain and directionality. Such a viewpoint is not intended to provide any insight into the operation of CMOS switches, but rather as an aid to understanding how W and R units based on spins and magnets can be combined to build transistor-like switches. Next we will discuss the standard W and R units used for magnetic memory devices and present one way to integrate them into a single unit with the input electrically isolated from the output. But we argue that this integrated W-R unit would not provide the key property of gain. We will then show that the recently discovered giant spin Hall effect could be used to construct a W-R unit with gain and suggest other possibilities for spin switches with gain.Comment: 27 pages. To appear in Emerging Nanoelectronic Devices, Editors: An Chen, James Hutchby, Victor Zhirnov and George Bourianoff, John Wiley & Sons (to be published

Oscar Wilde as a temporal designer : a case study of the picture of Dorian Gray

Since the publication of Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, there have been great amounts of ideological criticism both for and against the author and the work. Critics have variously evaluated the work from different perspectives; however, these studies have largely targeted the thematic aspects of the novel, while little serious attempt has been made to examine the narrativity of this great work. As a result, the narrative structure of this novel still remains quite untouched. As a partial fulfillment, the present paper has examined the temporal structure of the novel. The analysis indicated that temporality is one of the very functional elements of the work. In fact, much of the meaning or the effect the author intends to converse through each action, character, or dialogue is firstly embedded in a proper and effective temporal setting. Moreover, the analysis ascertained that the well-set temporal structure of the work has resulted in (1) Ekphrasis, (2) Characterization, and (3) Reader manipulation. According to the paper, these three elements dramatically carry out the influentiality of this great novel

Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluation of Nano Photosensitizers for Cancer Therapy

This study demonstrated the effects of novel hybrid metal oxide nanoparticles as an effective nano-photosensitizer for the photodynamic therapy against melanoma in vitro and in vivo. A strong synergistic effect was produced by the hybrid NPs and UV-A irradiation. The hybrid nanoparticles modified with folic acid enhanced cellular uptake and exhibited strong anti-tumour activity alone and with UV-A. These hybrid nanoparticles provide us better understanding in designing the semiconductor metal oxides-based nano-photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

Photoassociation spectroscopy of a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

We report on the high resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of a $^{87}$Rb spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate to the $1_\mathrm{g} (P_{3/2}) v = 152$ excited molecular states. We demonstrate the use of spin dependent photoassociation to experimentally identify the molecular states and their corresponding initial scattering channel. These identifications are in excellent agreement with the eigenvalues of a hyperfine-rotational Hamiltonian. Using the observed spectra we estimate the change in scattering length and identify photoassociation laser light frequency ranges that maximize the change in the spin-dependent mean-field interaction energy.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Rimski trijumf na rimskom novcu

Tema ovog rada je porijeklo i ceremonija rimkog trijumfa čiji prikaz nalazimo i na novcu. Rimski trijumf bio je jedan od najznačajnijih slavlja u rimskom svijetu. Ovim događajem trijumfator je ušao u slavnu rimsku povijest. Ovaj događaj u rimskom svijetu bio je usko povezan s bogom Jupiterom. Jupiter je bio zaštitnik grada Rima, vojnici i zapovjednici vojske, prije rata, najčešće su se obraćali Jupiteru te tražili njegovu naklonost u bitkama. U svrhu zahvale Jupiteru, na dan slavlja, trijumfator nosi Jupiterovu atribute. Obučen je u ljubičastu togu, u ruci drži žezlo koje završava u obliku orla, lice mu je obojeno crvenom bojom te nosi lovorov vijenac. Trijumfator je na taj dan paradirao gradom Rimom u kvadrizi koja se najčešće pojavljuje na reversu novca koji su trijumfatori dali kovati.The theme of this paper is the origin and ceremony of the Roman triumph which display we also found on roman coins. The Roman triumph was one of the most important celebrations in the Roman world. With these event, the triumphator entered in the famous Roman history. This event in the Roman world was closely related to god Jupiter. Jupiter was the patron of the city of Rome, soldiers and commanders of the army, before going to the war, prayed to the Jupiter for victory. In order to thank Jupiter, on the day of celebration, the triumphator carries Jupiter's attributes. He is dressed in a purple toga, holding a snout that ends with eagle, his face was painted in red and he was wearing a laurel wreath on head. On this day, the triumphator paradigmed throuhh the city of Rome in the quadriga. Quadriga is the most often representationon onroman coins that are related with roman triumph