Fluorescence quenching of 2-naphthol by methyl acrylate in micellar medium

1516-1519The fluorescence quenching of 2-naphthol in presence of methyl acrylate has been studied in different concentrations of anionic (sodium lauryl sulphate) and cationic (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) micelles. It is found that compartmentalization of 2-naphthol and methyl acrylate affects the quenching process. Increase of accommodation of the probe and the quencher in the micelles affects the Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV) for 2-naphthol and 2-naphtholate

Role of different biodegradable polymers on the permeability of ciprofloxacin

Since permeability across biological membranes is a key factor in the absorption and distribution of drugs, drug permeation characteristics of three oral suspensions of ciprofloxacin were designed and compared. The three suspensions of ciprofloxacin were prepared by taking biodegradable polymers such as carbopol 934, carbopol 940, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The permeability study was performed by using a Franz diffusion cell through both synthetic cellulose acetate membrane and excised goat gastrointestinal membranes in acidic as well as alkaline pH. To know the permeability of drug from control/formulations through different membranes in acidic/alkaline pH, cumulative percentage drug permeation, apparent permeability (Papp), flux, and enhancement ratio (ER) were calculated. Considering Papp and flux values of all formulations, it is evident that formulation containing HPMC was the most beneficial for improving permeation and diffusivity of ciprofloxacin even after 16 h. Hence, this preparation may be considered as the most suitable formulation to obtain prolonged release action of the drug. The ER values of all formulations, through excised goat intestinal mucosal membrane in alkaline pH, were higher than those formulations through goat stomach mucosal membrane in acidic pH. Enhancement ratio values of those formulations indicate that the permeability of the drug was more enhanced by the polymers in the intestinal part, leading to more bioavailability and prolonged action in that portion of the gastrointestinal tract. It may also be concluded from our results that HPMC containing formulation was the best suspension, which may show effective controlled release action. Even carbopol containing formulations might also produce controlled release action

EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERGLYCAEMIC EFFECT OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA LEAF EXTRACT ON ADRENALIN INDUCED AND HIGH GLUCOSE FEED ANIMAL MODEL

Objective: As per the ethnopharmacological information has Butea monosperma been used to treat diabetes mellitus by the tribal people of tropical and subtropical areas. However, there is no much more scientific report available about the antidiabetic property of the leaves of the plant. Hence, the study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of B. monosperma on blood levels of adrenaline-induced and glucose feed diabetic rabbits.Methods: The three different doses of the extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally to an experimental animal. The animals were induced diabetics by adrenaline and high glucose diet. Blood glucose level was measured accordingly. For antidiabetic activity, photocolorimeter was used to monitoring the blood glucose level with crest kit box (GOP-POD method).Results: The extracts showed considerable dose-dependent activity. However, the dose 400 mg/kg showed considerable lower of blood glucose level. p<0.01 indicates the significance result. 8 hrs reading 182.5±3.83 for 400 mg does is most effective for reducing blood sugar.Conclusion: The study indicates that the ethanolic extract of B. monosperma leaves possesses antidiabetic properties which suggest the presence of biologically active components

EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERGLYCAEMIC EFFECT OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA LEAF EXTRACT ON ADRENALIN INDUCED AND HIGH GLUCOSE FEED ANIMAL MODEL

Objective: As per the ethnopharmacological information has Butea monosperma been used to treat diabetes mellitus by the tribal people of tropical and subtropical areas. However, there is no much more scientific report available about the antidiabetic property of the leaves of the plant. Hence, the study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of B. monosperma on blood levels of adrenaline-induced and glucose feed diabetic rabbits.Methods: The three different doses of the extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally to an experimental animal. The animals were induced diabetics by adrenaline and high glucose diet. Blood glucose level was measured accordingly. For antidiabetic activity, photocolorimeter was used to monitoring the blood glucose level with crest kit box (GOP-POD method).Results: The extracts showed considerable dose-dependent activity. However, the dose 400 mg/kg showed considerable lower of blood glucose level. p<0.01 indicates the significance result. 8 hrs reading 182.5±3.83 for 400 mg does is most effective for reducing blood sugar.Conclusion: The study indicates that the ethanolic extract of B. monosperma leaves possesses antidiabetic properties which suggest the presence of biologically active components

Xanthoma Disseminatum Presenting with Hoarseness

Introduction: Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare, benign, non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder with unknown etio-pathology. It manifests with multiple, grouped, red-brown to yellow papules and nodules involving the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs with a predilection for flexures and the face.  Case Report: We report a patient who presented with disseminated xanthomatous papules and nodules involving the face, neck, trunk, axilla, groin, and oral cavity, along with hoarseness of voice. Video laryngoscopy revealed multiple yellowish nodules over the base of the tongue, vallecula, laryngeal surface of the epiglottis, ary-epiglottic folds, interarytenoid region, and subglottic region. Histopathology was suggestive of  xanthoma disseminatum and the patient was treated with tablet acitretin 25mg daily for three months without any response. Following this, the patient was prescribed tablet thalidomide 100 mg daily without any significant improvement at the end of two months.  Conclusion: Xanthoma disseminatum is a very rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that classically presents with cutaneous xanthomas, mucosal xanthomas, and diabetes insipidus. Hoarseness of voice due to lesions involving the larynx is a rare symptom. Because the disease has punctated, numerous relapses and causes morbidity to the patient, its multisystem manifestations have to be known. Therefore, xanthoma disseminatum has to be kept in mind as a differential  diagnosis for hoarseness of voice

First and New Record of <em>Ceratium vulture v. sumatranum</em> and <em>Pediastrum species</em> from coastal waters of Paradip, Bay of Bengal, East Coast of India

1169-1171Plankton diversity studies were carried out in the coastal waters of Paradip, Bay of Bengal from January 2015 to October 2015. There was broad variation in plankton diversity and water quality indices. Higher number of plankton taxa was reported in the month of October when SST, DO and nutrient (NO3 and SiO3) concentration was also higher.  In the month of October the SST value was 30.80°C  and dissolved oxygen varied from 3.28mg/l to 5.21mg/l. Nitrate and silicate both show maximum in October month i.e., 76.89µM/l and 36.67µg/l respectively. Salinity was maximum in the month of March (37.21ppt) and minimum in the month of October (23.95ppt). Phosphate was maximum in January month (0.113mg/l) and minimum in March (0.08mg/l). Nutrients (nitrate and silicate), SST, DO and Salinity act as limiting factor in the distribution pattern of planktons

N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Umpolung of Imines for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydroquinoxalines

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis is widely employed for the umpolung of aldehydes and recently to the umpolung of Michael acceptors and aldimines. Described herein is the NHC-organocatalyzed umpolung of aldimines for the enantioselective synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles. The bisimines generated from the condensation of 1,2-phenylenediamines and salicylaldehydes undergo intramolecular cyclization in the presence of a chiral NHC catalyst, resulting in the formation of dihydroquinoxalines in moderate to good yields and er values. Detailed DFT studies shed light on the role of -OH groups in stabilizing the initially generated aza-Breslow intermediates via intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Preliminary photophysical studies on the synthesized dihydroquinoxalines revealed that these molecules can be used for the sensing of various acids and bases