Machine of facialities in basic education: mapping critical literature

Esta cartografia revisou a literatura acadêmica que se amparou no conceito de máquina de rostidades com o objetivo de desvelar como produtores de artigos científicos adotaram essa referência para analisar a dinâmica da educação básica no Brasil, que acontece no macroespaço de regulamentos e outros códigos de controle ou no microespaço político da escola. Esse conceito orienta a reflexão sobre a construção coletiva de significâncias e subjetividades na sociedade, porque, segundo seus teóricos, convicções e desejos comuns são estratégias abstratas da indústria capitalista para a padronização humana e para sua correlata, a exclusão, enquanto o consenso lhes atribui validade. Após busca digital da literatura na base de dados Google Acadêmico, encontramos 16 artigos, publicados em periódicos científicos de língua portuguesa, que estudaram o processo de homogeneização operando no território da educação nacional, mas, sobretudo, detectamos, nesses textos, movimentos políticos que levam à educação menor defendida por Silvio Gallo, possível quando ações coletivas desenvolvidas na escola têm força para ir contra projetos de rostoscópias e para fabular outros códigos de aprendizagem à medida que resistem à prescrição impessoal e às tentativas de castração do direito de pensar, de agir e de ser diferente.This cartography revised the academic literature that was supported on the concept of machine of facialities, with the aim of revealing how authors of scientific articles adopted this reference to analyze the dynamics of basic education in Brazil, that occurs in macrospace of regulations and other control codes or in the political microspace of school. This concept guides the reflection about the collective construction of meanings and subjectivities in society, because, according to its theorists, common convictions and desires are abstract strategies of the capitalist industry for human standardization and for its correlate, the exclusion, while the consensus attributes the validity. After a digital search of the literature in the Google Scholar database, we found 16 articles, published in scientific journals in Portuguese language, which studied the homogenization process operating in the territory of national education, but, above all, we detected, in these texts, political movements that lead to minor education advocated by Silvio Gallo, possible when collective actions developed at school have the strength to go against face-copy projects and to create other learning codes as they resist the impersonal prescription and attempts to castrate the right to think, to act and to be different

Qualidade de vida de indivíduos com HIV: revisão integrativa / Quality of living of individuals with HIV integration review

 A qualidade de  vida de pacientes vivendo com HIV/AIDS é essencial, tendo em vista o caso específico dos adolescentes é ainda mais importante porque o jovem além de lidar com a resistência e a aceitação da doença, deve também enfrentar os conflitos da puberdade.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa em relação a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com HIV. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa realizado no período de 2016 a 2017, utilizando-se o banco de dados Medline e Lilacs. Apesar do impacto da infecção pelo HIV/AIDS na saúde psicológica e nas relações sociais dos indivíduos infectados, assim como no domínio físico, o uso da TARV provocou consequências positivas na saúde psicológica, proporcionando a desconstrução da ideia de morte advinda ao diagnóstico de portador do HIV/AIDS e a construção de melhores perspectivas de vida. A adesão ao tratamento em HIV/AIDS está relacionada a um aumento da sobrevida e de sua qualidade. Porém deve-se respeitar a posição pessoal do portador para fazer ou não o tratamento

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Políticas públicas para o ensino médio e juventude brasileira

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, 2009.Em primazia, o ensino médio nacional pertence à(s) juventude(s), entretanto, ao longo da história brasileira, essa etapa escolar esteve muito mais comprometida com questões utilitaristas impostas externa ou internamente à escola do que com seus sujeitos. Hoje, alguns documentos normativos vigentes dessa etapa escolar sugerem um discurso no qual os princípios e determinações neles contidos partiriam de exigências ou necessidades sociais concretas dos/das jovens brasileiros/as, que deveriam ser atendidas de acordo com as finalidades do ensino médio estabelecidas na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Esta pesquisa buscou explicitar este fato histórico-discursivo e apontar as conseqüências para a aprendizagem dos/das jovens na condição de estudantes do ensino médio brasileiro, apoiando-se no referencial da Teoria Social do Discurso, tendo como abordagem metodológica a Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC) das duas principais normas regulamentadoras do ensino médio nacional, a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (Lei 9394/96 - LDB) e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (DCNEM), instituídas pelo Parecer CNE/CEB 15, de 01 de junho de 1998. O discurso analisado apontou para a abordagem de temas que apresentaram elementos ideológicos conflitantes. Em vários trechos de ambas as orientações normativas observou-se uma tendência a discursos dicotômicos, em que ora se releva a estruturação de um discurso não-dito, carregado de múltiplos significados e, portanto, aberto a diferentes interpretações que à primeira vista estimulam o consenso entre posicionamentos político-educacionais divergentes; ora se percebe a manutenção da visão de educação e sociedade concebida por discursos normativos anteriores, fechados à inserção de discursos historicamente dominados. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIn its priority, national high school belongs to the youth(s), although, in the course of Brazilian history, this schooling stage has been much more compromised with utilitarian questions externally or internally forced to the school than with its own subjects. Today, some in vigor normative documents of this school stage suggest a discourse in which the principles and determinations within it would start from exigencies or concrete social needs of Brazilian youngsters, which should be attended accordingly with the goals of the high school established in the Law of Lines of Direction and Bases of National Education. This research attempted to explicit this historical-discursive fact and to point out the consequences for the young`s learning in the condition of students of Brazilian`s high school, supporting itself in the referential of the Social Discourse Theory, having as methodological approach the Critical Discourse Analysis (ADC) of the two main regular norms of national medium teaching, the Routes and Basis Law of National Education (Law 9394/96 LDB) and the Curricular Lines of Direction National of High School, instituted by the Parecer CNE/CEB 15, of June 1, 1998. The analyzed discourse pointed to the approaching of themes that presented conflicting ideological elements. In many parts of both the normative orientations was observed a tendency to dichotomist discourses, in that at one time stands out the structuring of a non-said discourse, full of multiple significances and, therefore, open to different interpretations which at first sight stimulate the consensus between diverging political-educational positionings; and in other it‟s perceivable the maintenance of the vision of education and society conceived by previous normative discourses, closed to the insertion of historically dominated discourses