Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) study of Palm Kernel Stearin: Effects of cooling rate on crystallization behaviour

In this study, effects of different cooling rates (0.5,3.3,4.7 and 6.9 degrees C/min) on the crystallization behavior of palm-kernel-stearin (PKS) were studied by low-field NMR relaxometry. According to results, solid fat content (SFC), longitudinal relaxation time (T1), second moment (M2) and degree of crystallinity (%) of the samples increased with increase in cooling rate from 0.5 to 6.9 degrees C/min. In contrast, transverse relaxation time (T2) demonstrated an opposite behavior with respect to T1 and decreased when the cooling rate increased. Additionally, effects of cooling rate on the changes of polymorph structures were detected by X-ray measurements. Degree of crystallinity showed high Pearson correlation values (alpha <= 0.05) with SFC (r = 0.771) and T1(r = 0.932). Changes in the crystal polymorphs could also be explained by NMR parameters to some extent as can be observed by the strong correlation between the 13 crystal content and T2 (r = 0.927). At the highest cooling rate, 13 ' crystals were the dominant polymorphic form and constituted 75(%) of the total crystals present. Results of this study suggested that NMR relaxometry could be used as a complementary tool to interpret the crystallization behavior of PKS

The predictors of COVID-19 mortality in a nationwide cohort of Turkish patients

he COVID-19-related death rate varies between countries and is affected by various risk factors. This multi center registry study was designed to evaluate the mortality rate and the related risk factors in Turkey. We retrospectively evaluated 1500 adults with COVID-19 from 26 centers who were hospitalized between March 11 and July 31, 2020. In the study group, 1041 and 459 cases were diagnosed as definite and highly probable cases, respectively. There were 993 PCR-positive cases (66.2%). Among all cases, 1144 (76.3%) were diagnosed with non-severe pneumonia, whereas 212 (14.1%) had severe pneumonia. Death occurred in 67 patients, corre sponding to a mortality rate of 4.5% (95% CI:3.5–5.6). The univariate analysis demonstrated that various factors, including male sex, age ?65 years and the presence of dyspnea or confusion, malignity, chronic obstructive lung disease, interstitial lung disease, immunosuppressive conditions, severe pneumonia, multiorgan dysfunction, and sepsis, were positively associated with mortality. Favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were not associated with survival. Following multivariate analysis, male sex, severe pneumonia, multiorgan dysfunction, malignancy, sepsis and interstitial lung diseases were found to be independent risk factors for mortality. Among the biomarkers, procalcitonin levels on the 3rd-5th days of admission showed the strongest associations with mortality (OR: 6.18; 1.6–23.93). This study demonstrated that the mortality rate in hospitalized patients in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic was a serious threat and that those patients with male sex, severe pneumonia, multiorgan dysfunction, malignancy, sepsis and interstitial lung diseases were at increased risk of mortality; therefore, such patients should be closely monitored

Effects of different sulphur doses treatments on yield and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Turp (Raphanus sativus L.) Brassicaceae familyasına ait kökleri tüketilen bir sebzedir. Kaliteli özelliklerinin büyük etkisi vardır. Tuzluluğa en hassas sebzeler arasında yer alan turpun ağır topraklarda yetiştiriciliğinde şekil bozuklukları ve çatlamalar oluşur. Kükürt, bitki gelişimi ve sağlığı üzerine olumlu etkileri olan bir elementtir. tuzluluğunu düşürmek ve toprak yapısını düzeltmek için kullanılır. Çalışmanın amacı toprağa farklı dozlarda (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 kg/da) uygulanan kükürdün (% 90 kükürt ve %10 bentonit içeren "Sicostar") Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü geliştirilen yuvarlak köklü "Balcalı" çeşidi ve uzun köklü "Ç.Ü. Seleksiyon No:2" genotipinde verim ve kök özellikleri üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre farklı dozlarda mikronize bentonitli kükürt uygulamalarının toplam verim, kök ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu ve kök çapında artışlar sağlamakla birlikte, toplam bitki ağırlığı dışında ölçülen diğer parametrelerde istatistiksel olarak farklılık yaratmadığı tespit edilmiştir.Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) which belongs to Brassicaceae family is a vegetable crop consumed for its roots. Soil characteristics have great effect on formation of roots having high quality. Radish is one of the most susceptible vegetables to salinity, if it is grown in heavy soils shape disorders and cracks of roots are occured. Sulphur is an element which has positive effects on plant growth and health. It is used for decreasing high soil pH, salinity and enhances soil structure. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of diffferent doses (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 kg/da) of sulphur (-Sicostar- containing 90% sulphur and %10 bentonite) treatments on yield and root quality of -Balcalı- cultivar having round roots and -Ç.ü. Seleksiyon No:2- genotype having long roots which were developed by Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Africulture, University of Cukurova using selection breeding. According to the research results, different doses of micronized sulphur with bentonite treatments increased total root yield, root weight, root length and root diameter however; except total plant weight, it is found that there was no statistical significance among applied doses on other measured parameters

Relationship of Hemoglobin Concentration at Admission and Need for Erythroyte Transfusion During Hospitalization with Mortality in Pediatric Critical Care Patients

Introductıon: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of hemoglobin concentration at admission to pediatric intensive care unit and erythrocyte transfusion during hospitalization with mortality. Methods: In this prospective study, we included 260 patients who were admitted to a 12-bed pediatric intensive care unit in a one-year period. Demographic characteristics, admission etiologies, length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation rates, pediatric risk of mortality III and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction scores, complete blood count on admission and erythrocyte transfusion during hospitalization were recorded prospectively. Results: Of the 260 cases, 34 were exitus. The mortality rate was 13%. The mean hemoglobin concentration of patients who were exitus was lower than that of patients who survived (10.55±2.45 g/dL vs. 10.55±2.45 g/dL, p=0.011). Although platelet levels were lower in patients who were exitus than in survivors, the difference was not statistically significant (320.352±181.731/mm3 vs. 352.231±174,129/mm3 p=0.325). The mortality rate in transfused patients was higher than in patients who were not transfused. (40.2% vs. 1.6%, p<0.001). Conclusion: Hemoglobin concentration at admission in patients who die in pediatric intensive care unit is significantly lower than in those who survive. In this study, increased mortality risk in patients admitted to pediatric intensive care unit was found to be associated with the presence of anemia and need for erythrocyte transfusion

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Low Resolution NMR Relaxometry to Follow Physicochemical Changes in Foods, Detect Quality and Asses Stability of Colloidal Systems

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a technique that is mostly used to visualize internal structure and most commonly used in medicine. With the advancement on low frequency, low resolution and low cost benchtop systems there has been a substantial increase on the use of these systems. With MRI it is possible to analyze without disturbing the sample. Image acquisition in MRI is based on excitation of protons in a sample through a radiofrequency pulse and acquiring and encoding the signal in different planes. NMR relaxometry is based on measurement of T1, T2 relaxation times either separately or at the same time through the use of 2D sequences. Self-Diffusion coefficients due to Brownian motion could also be measured through stimulated spin echo or pulse gradient spin echo sequences. In this study, findings of a couple studies that used NMR Relaxometry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging will be discussed shortly. Significant findings on the use of NMR for the design of capsaicin based nanoemulsions; oil migration in chocolate confectionery products, polymer water interactions in hydrogels, stability of liposome systems and investigation of surfactant behavior of macromolecules will be explored

High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy Usage in the Adult Intensive Care Units in Turkey: Multi-center, Prospective Study

European-Respiratory-Society (ERS) International Congress -- SEP 28-OCT 02, 2019 -- Madrid, SPAINWOS: 000507372405066…European Respiratory So