Rock Art and the Côa Valley Archaeological Park: A Case Study in the Preservation of Portugal's Prehistoric Parietal Heritage

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Isocracia, um conceito de democracia

Tese de mestrado em Política Comparada, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através do Instituto de ciências Sociais em 2009O objectivo desta tese é o de descrever e propor um conceito normativo de democracia: o ideal de isocracia ou igualdade política. Este conceito é analisado em contraste com o ideal liberal. Definida a democracia como uma igualdade política e processual, tenta-se extrair, do segundo capítulo em diante, as consequências teóricas e práticas do conceito. O primeiro desafio é o de reconciliar a ideia de representação, central nas democracias contemporâneas, com a igualdade política dos cidadãos. De um ponto de vista estritamente isocrático, nem todas as formas de representação política (nomeadamente algumas das categorias sugeridas por Mansbridge) são igualmente valiosas para a preservação da igualdade política, ou mesmo compatíveis com ela. O risco para a democracia, inerente à representação, é o de que o intermediário, que medeia entre o cidadão e as decisões políticas, se torne irresponsabilizável. Nesse caso, a igualdade política será violada, dado que as preferências de uma minoria (os representantes) podem sobrepor-se às preferências da maioria (os representados). A representação baseia-se, decerto, numa diferença, mas também numa parcial identidade, entre representantes e representados: identidade fundada não em critérios arbitrários, mas nas preferências políticas. No terceiro capítulo, argumenta-se que o sistema proporcional é mais consonante com a igualdade política, justamente porque, ao contrário dos sistemas maioritários, promove a capacidade de responsabilização dos representantes pelos representados, através do mecanismo da punição eleitoral. Tratando-se de um processo que não finda com a escolha dos representantes, a democracia exige também uma permanente representação, inclusiva e igualitária, das várias perspectivas ideológicas na esfera pública. Para tal, o acesso aos mass media não deve estar dependente, nem do beneplácito estatal, nem da posse de grandes recursos económicos.The purpose of the thesis is to describe and propose a normative concept of democracy: the ideal of isocracy or political equality. This concept is analyzed in contrast with the liberal ideal. From the definition of democracy as a procedural political equality the attempt is made from the second chapter onwards to derive the theoretical and practical consequences of this concept. The first challenge is how to reconcile the idea of representation, central to present day western democracies, with the political equality of citizens. From a strictly isocratic point of view not all forms of political representation (namely some of Mansbridge's categories) are equally compatible or valuable to the preservation of political equality. The risk for democracy involved in representation is that the intermediate that stands between the common citizen and the political decisions may become unaccountable. In that case political equality is violated since the preferences of a minority (the representatives) can overrule the preferences of a majority (the represented). Representation indeed is based on the difference between represented and representative, but also on a partial identity. Such identity must be found not on arbitrary criteria, but on political preferences. In the third chapter it is argued that a proportional electoral system is more consistent with political equality precisely because, unlike majoritarian systems, it enhances citizen's ability to make representatives accountable, through effective electoral punishment. As a political process that does not end with the election of representatives, democracy demands also an inclusive and equal representation of ideological perspectives on the public sphere and throughout the whole political cycle. In order to achieve such a goal, the access to mass media must not be dependent either on government favors or largeeconomic resources. The fifth chapter discusses what is the degree of economic equality required to a

História da arte moderna portuguesa : a pintura portuguesa de Vasco Fernandes a Josefa D' Óbidos. 2ª parte : centros e periferia

Académico - LicenciaturasSegundo programa dedicado à pintura portuguesa dos séculos XVI e XVII

Scientific exploration in the era of ocean observatories

Journal ArticleSociety's critical and urgent need to better understand the world's oceans is amply documented and has led to a unique convergence of operational and scientific interests in the US, organized around the concept of ocean observatories: cyber-­facilitated integrations of observations, simulations, and stakeholders. In particular, programs are emerging aimed at creating an operational Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)1 to address broad society needs and an open, ocean-observing research infrastruc­ture (the Ocean Observatories Initia­tive [OOI]).

História da arte moderna portuguesa : a pintura portuguesa de Vasco Fernandes a Josefa D’Óbidos. 1ª parte : os pintores da corte

Académico - LicenciaturasPrimeiro programa dedicado à pintura portuguesa dos séculos XVI e XVII

"Tools for interpretation and conservation of a shared heritage collection: the viceroys portrait gallery"

Poster de divulgação do Projecto Old Goa Revelations no evento Ciência 2019Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia.Doctoral program HERITAS [PhD] – Heritage Studies [Ref.ª PD/00297/2013] Bolsa de investigação PD/BI/135001/2017 e PD/BD/143084/201

Celebrating John Rawls: 100 years since his birth; 50 years after the publication of a theory of justice. Introduction: On celebrating Rawls

Celebrating John Rawls: 100 years since his birth; 50 years after the publication of a theory of justiceIntroduction: on celebrating Rawl

HAYEK AND POLANYI FOR THE 21ST CENTURY – AN INTRODUCTION

Introduction

The Forking Paths revisited: experimenting on interactive film

Based on the triad film-interactivity-experimentation, the applied research project The Forking Paths, developed at the Centre for Research in Arts and Communication (CIAC), endeavours to find alternative narrative forms in the field of Cinema and, more specifically, in the subfield of Interactive Cinema. The films in the project The Forking Paths invest in the interconnectivity between the film narrative and the viewer, who is given the possibility to be more active and engaged. At same time, the films undertake a research on the development of audio-visual language. The project is available at an online platform, which aims to foster the creation and web hosting of other Interactive Cinema projects in its different variables. This article focusses on the three films completed up to the moment: Haze, The Book of the Dead, and Waltz.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio