9 research outputs found

    Evaluation De Quatre Cultivars De Niebe (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Pour Leur Resistance Au Deficit Hydrique Et A L’adventice Parasite, Striga Gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke Au Togo

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    Drought and weed parasite Striga gesnerioides(Willd.)Vatke, are major constraints to cowpea production in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.)cultivars, VITOCO, VITA5, IT87D-10-10, and IT98K589-2 to water deficit, to a weed parasite S. gesnerioides and to determine the effect of this weed parasite on these cowpea cultivars under water deficit conditions. Pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse condition under artificial infestation at the Agronomic Experimentation Station of Lomé. The experimental design was a split-split-plot design with three replications of two levels of S. gesnerioides;(presence and absence) in main plot, four water regimes; (periodic watering of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) in sub-plot, and the cultivars in sub sub-plot. Data were collected on yield components (number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant and seeds weight per plant). Data collected on parasitic plantdate of emergence and its rate of emergence per pot. Water deficit tolerance was evaluated by the rank summation index (RSI).The results showed that the water régimes of 10 and 15 days had significant depressive effect on all yield components. The number of S. gesnerioides emerged per pot ranged from 10.20 (VITOCO) to 48.60 (IT98K589-2). In addition, the infestation of S. gesnerioides showed a significant reduction of all yield components evaluated in all tested cultivars. Therefore, no cultivar proved to be resistant, nor tolerant to S. gesnerioides.The overall rankings of the evaluated cultivars in terms of growth and yield parameters studied revealed that the cultivar IT98K-589-2 showed the best adaptive response in drought condition. The results also revealed that, the significant negative effect of water deficit on the seeds weight per plant is exacerbated by the S. gesnerioides infestation

    AGRONOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SIX TOMATO GENOTYPES IN TOGO

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    The study was carried out to determine the agronomic performance of height tomato genotypes. These genotypes were evaluated in a completely random block design with 4 replications. Analyses of variance and means comparison (Pù‰€5%) revealed that he germination rate of genotypes was greater than 80% except for TLCV 15 (24%). The number of leaf per plant ranged from 11.62 to 15.73. The largest size was obtained by IVF 328 with 66.34 cm in height and the smallest size was obtained by the TLCV 15 with 51.46 cm. The yield results showed that IVF 328 and Mongal F1 were better with 26.28 tons/ha and 26.07 tons/ha respectively. Regarding the number of fruit per plant, IVF 328 and IVF 5248 were more productive. Analysis of variance showed that the fruit weightwas significantly higher for the Mongal F1 and lower for the TLCV 15. The results obtained will help in decision making toward the production of these genotypes in Togo, thereby improving tomato production

    CaractĂ©risation Agronomique des Arbres Performants d’Anacardiers (Anacardium occidentale L.), SĂ©lectionnĂ©s dans les Zones de Production au Togo

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    Les maillons des interprofessions anacarde ont un intĂ©rĂȘt Ă©conomique commun pour des entreprises nationales et internationales. La faible productivitĂ© des plantations au Togo est causĂ©e par l’utilisation des semences tout-venant et de l’absence de sĂ©lection du matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal performant. L’objectif de l’étude est d’augmenter les rendements avec les noix de qualitĂ© par l’utilisation de matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal performant sĂ©lectionnĂ©. Trois prospections annuelles prĂ©cĂ©dĂ©es d’une prĂ© identification des vergers des arbres Ă  productivitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. Les critĂšres de choix des arbres ont Ă©tĂ© l’ñge, la forme de l’arbre et de la noix, la qualitĂ© de l’amande, la productivitĂ©, le nombre d’inflorescences, la pĂ©riode de fructification, et l’état sanitaire des arbres prĂ© identifiĂ©s.  Au total trente-six arbres prĂ©sentant les meilleurs critĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© retenus. La structuration agronomique a permis d’obtenir trois groupes d’arbres ayant une productivitĂ© moyenne entre 24,67 ± 1,764 et 72,33 ± 5,983 kg, un grainage compris entre 139 et 221, un KOR compris entre 41 et 60, les taux d’amande entre 260 et 314. Les arbres Ă©lites obtenus vont permettre de produire des plants amĂ©liorĂ©s Ă  partir du greffage et le sur greffage. La rĂ©sistance de ces arbres Ă©lites aux maladies va contribuer Ă  contrĂŽler l’état sanitaire des vergers par une lutte intĂ©grĂ©e. Les rendements en production d’anacarde vont augmenter avec l’utilisation des semences sĂ©lectionnĂ©es.   The links of the cashew inter-branch association have found a common economic interest in the cashew sector due to the growing demand for nuts by national and international processing companies. The low productivity of cashew plantations in Togo is caused by the use of all-coming seeds and the lack of selection of efficient plant material. The objective of the study is to increase yields with quality nuts through the use of selected high-performance plant material. Three annual surveys preceded by a pre-identification of orchards of high-productivity trees were carried out. The criteria for choosing trees took into account the age, shape of the tree and nut, the quality of the kernel, productivity, inflorescences, fruiting period, and health status of the pre-identified trees. Thirty-six trees with the best criteria were selected. The agronomic structuring made it possible to obtain three groups of trees with average productivity between 24.67 ± 1.764 and 72.33 ± 5.983 kg, graining between 139 and 221, KOR between 41 and 60, the fine rates between 260 and 314. The elite trees thus obtained will make to produce improved plants from the grafts and over-grafting. The resistance of these elite trees to diseases will help control the health status of orchards through integrated pest management. The resistance of these elite trees to diseases will help control the health status of orchards through integrated pest management. Cashew production yields will increase with the use of selected seeds from the study

    CaractĂ©risation Аgronomiques des Аrbres Еlites Аnacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) SĂ©lectionnĂ©s des Zones de Production au Togo

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    Les maillons des interprofessions anacarde ont un intĂ©rĂȘt Ă©conomique commun pour  des entreprises nationales et internationales. La faible productivitĂ© des plantations au Togo est causĂ©e par l’utilisation des semences tous venants et de l’absence de sĂ©lection du matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal  performant. L’objectif de l’étude est d’augmenter les rendements avec les noix de qualitĂ©. Trois prospections annuelles prĂ©cĂ©dĂ©es  d’un prĂ© identification des vergers des arbres Ă  productivitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. Les critĂšres de choix des arbres ont Ă©tĂ© l’ñge, forme de l’arbre et de la noix, qualitĂ© de l’amande, productivitĂ©, nombre d’inflorescences, pĂ©riode de fructification, Ă©tat sanitaire des arbres prĂ© identifiĂ©s. 36 arbres prĂ©sentant les meilleurs critĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© retenus. La structuration agronomique a permis d’obtenir trois groupes d’arbres ayant une productivitĂ© moyenne entre 24,67±1,764 et 72,33±5,983 kg, un grainage compris entre 139 et 221, un KOR  compris entre 41 et 60, les taux d’amande entre 260 et 314. Les arbres Ă©lites obtenues vont permettre de produire des  plants amĂ©liorĂ©s Ă  partir du greffage et le sur greffage. La rĂ©sistance de ces arbres Ă©lites aux maladies va contribuer Ă  contrĂŽler l’état sanitaire des vergers par une lutte intĂ©grĂ©e. Les rendements production anacarde vont augmenter avec l’utilisation des semences sĂ©lectionnĂ©es.   The links of the cashew inter-branch associations have found a common economic interest for national and international companies. The low productivity of plantations in Togo is caused by the use of all-coming seeds and the lack of selection of efficient plant material. The goal of the study is to increase yields with quality nuts. Three annual surveys preceded by a pre-identification of orchards of high productivity trees were carried out. The criteria for choosing trees took into account the age, shape of the tree and nut, the quality of the kernel, productivity, inflorescences, fruiting period, and health status of the pre-identified trees. 36 trees with the best criteria were selected. The agronomic structuring made it possible to obtain three groups of trees with an average productivity between 24.67±1.764 and 72.33±5.983 kg, graining between 139 and 221, KOR between 41 and 60, the fine rates between 260 and 314. The elite trees thus obtained will make to produce improved plants from the grafts and over-grafting. The resistance of these elite trees to diseases will help control the health status of orchards through integrated pest management. The resistance of these elite trees to diseases will help control the health status of orchards through integrated pest management. Cashew production yields will increase with the use of selected seeds from the study

    CaractĂ©risation Аgronomiques des Аrbres Еlites Аnacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) SĂ©lectionnĂ©s des Zones de Production au Togo

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    Les maillons des interprofessions anacarde ont un intĂ©rĂȘt Ă©conomique commun pour  des entreprises nationales et internationales. La faible productivitĂ© des plantations au Togo est causĂ©e par l’utilisation des semences tous venants et de l’absence de sĂ©lection du matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal  performant. L’objectif de l’étude est d’augmenter les rendements avec les noix de qualitĂ©. Trois prospections annuelles prĂ©cĂ©dĂ©es  d’un prĂ© identification des vergers des arbres Ă  productivitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. Les critĂšres de choix des arbres ont Ă©tĂ© l’ñge, forme de l’arbre et de la noix, qualitĂ© de l’amande, productivitĂ©, nombre d’inflorescences, pĂ©riode de fructification, Ă©tat sanitaire des arbres prĂ© identifiĂ©s. 36 arbres prĂ©sentant les meilleurs critĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© retenus. La structuration agronomique a permis d’obtenir trois groupes d’arbres ayant une productivitĂ© moyenne entre 24,67±1,764 et 72,33±5,983 kg, un grainage compris entre 139 et 221, un KOR  compris entre 41 et 60, les taux d’amande entre 260 et 314. Les arbres Ă©lites obtenues vont permettre de produire des  plants amĂ©liorĂ©s Ă  partir du greffage et le sur greffage. La rĂ©sistance de ces arbres Ă©lites aux maladies va contribuer Ă  contrĂŽler l’état sanitaire des vergers par une lutte intĂ©grĂ©e. Les rendements production anacarde vont augmenter avec l’utilisation des semences sĂ©lectionnĂ©es.   The links of the cashew inter-branch associations have found a common economic interest for national and international companies. The low productivity of plantations in Togo is caused by the use of all-coming seeds and the lack of selection of efficient plant material. The goal of the study is to increase yields with quality nuts. Three annual surveys preceded by a pre-identification of orchards of high productivity trees were carried out. The criteria for choosing trees took into account the age, shape of the tree and nut, the quality of the kernel, productivity, inflorescences, fruiting period, and health status of the pre-identified trees. 36 trees with the best criteria were selected. The agronomic structuring made it possible to obtain three groups of trees with an average productivity between 24.67±1.764 and 72.33±5.983 kg, graining between 139 and 221, KOR between 41 and 60, the fine rates between 260 and 314. The elite trees thus obtained will make to produce improved plants from the grafts and over-grafting. The resistance of these elite trees to diseases will help control the health status of orchards through integrated pest management. The resistance of these elite trees to diseases will help control the health status of orchards through integrated pest management. Cashew production yields will increase with the use of selected seeds from the study

    Criblage de variĂ©tĂ©s de Dioscorea alata cultivĂ©es au Togo, pour leur rĂ©sistance Ă  l’anthracnose de l'igname causĂ©e par Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

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    Objectifs: Face aux attaques graves d’anthracnose sur D. alata au Togo et en vue de dĂ©velopper une mĂ©thode de lutte efficace et durable, ce travail se propose d’évaluer la rĂ©sistance de diffĂ©rents cultivars de l’igname au Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, l’agent pathogĂšne de la maladie.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats: La sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© et l’incidence de l’anthracnose ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es sur 14 variĂ©tĂ©s locales et 10 variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es de D. alata, au champ en conditions d’infection naturelle et en serre par inoculation utilisant deux isolats de C. gloeosporioides, suivant un dispositif en blocs alĂ©atoires avec 3 rĂ©pĂ©titions. Une diffĂ©rence hautement significative a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre les variĂ©tĂ©s pour la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de l’anthracnose au champ (P=0,006) et en serre (P<0,001). La classification ascendante hiĂ©rarchique (CAH) des sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ©s moyennes de l’anthracnose, a indiquĂ© que les variĂ©tĂ©s locales Kabanga, KĂ©fou, Tsrokpa, Lotossou et les variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es TDa 99/00199, TDa 99/00169, HawaĂŻ, ont Ă©tĂ© tolĂ©rantes.Conclusion et application des rĂ©sultats: 4 variĂ©tĂ©s locales et 3 des variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es se sont montrĂ©es tolĂ©rantes Ă  l’anthracnose et pourront, aprĂšs des tests multilocaux, ĂȘtre distribuĂ©e directement aux producteurs pour le contrĂŽle de la maladie ou servir de parents pour l’amĂ©lioration variĂ©tale de D. alata contre cette maladie. Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que, malgrĂ© la forte pression de C. gloeosporioides dans les zones de production de D. alata, il existe des sources de rĂ©sistance Ă  l’Anthracnose au sein des populations de cette espĂšce d’igname au Togo. Cela suggĂšre la nĂ©cessitĂ© de poursuivre les criblages des ignames en vue de rĂ©pertorier d’autres sources de rĂ©sistance Ă  l’Anthracnose prĂ©sente dans le pays qu’on pourra exploiter pour lutter efficacement et de façon durable contre la maladie.Mots clĂ©s: Anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, variĂ©tĂ©s de D. alata, rĂ©sistanceEnglish Title: Screening of D. alata varieties grown in Togo for resistance to yam anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesEnglish AbstractObjectives: Facing severe attacks of anthracnose on D. alata in Togo and in order to develop an effective and sustainable control method, this work aims to evaluate the resistance of different cultivars of yams to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the pathogen of the disease.Methodology and Results: Severity and incidence of anthracnose were assessed on 14 local and 10 improved varieties of D. alata in field under natural infection conditions and in greenhouse by inoculation using two isolates of C. gloeosporioides. Trials were arranged in random blocks with 3 repetitions. A highly significant difference was observed between the varieties for the severity of anthracnose in the field (P = 0.006) and in the greenhouse (P <0.001). The hierarchical ascending classification (CAH) of the anthracnose severity average indicated that the local varieties Kabanga, KĂ©fou, Tsrokpa, Lotossou and the improved varieties TDa 99/00199, TDa 99/00169, Hawaii, were tolerant.Conclusion and application of results: 4 local varieties and 3 improved varieties were tolerant to anthracnose and could, after multilocal tests, be distributed directly to the producers for the control of the disease or serve as parents for the varietal improvement of D. alata against this disease. These results demonstrate that, despite the high pressure of C. gloeosporioides in the production areas of D. alata, there are sources for resistance to anthracnose in populations of this yam species in Togo. This suggests the need to continue yam screening to identify other sources of resistance to anthracnose present in the country that can be exploited to control effectively and sustainably the disease.Keywords: Anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, D. alata varieties, resistanc

    Assessment of major cassava diseases in Togo in relation to agronomic and environmental characteristics in a systems approach

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    A cassava disease survey was conducted in four agroecological zones of Togo. High incidences of cassava bacterial blight, cassava mosaic disease and cercosporioses were observed across ecozones, while anthracnose disease was rare. Bacterial blight field incidences of 90.5% in the dry savanna zone, 70% in the forest savanna transition zone, 64% in the wet savanna zone and 52.6% in the forest zone, were recorded, with plant incidences ranging from 27.4% in the forest zone to 72.7% in the dry savanna zone. Mosaic disease field incidences were nearly 100% in all the ecozones and high plant incidences up to 86.9% were found. Cercospora leaf diseases brown leaf spot, blight leaf spot and white leaf spot occurred in all the ecozones with incidences ranging from 68 to 100%. Negative correlations between bacterial blight and mosaic disease, and between mosaic disease and white leaf spot were found, while brown leaf spot and blight leaf spot, brown leaf spot and white leaf spot, and blight leaf spot and white leaf spot were positively correlated. Field incidence of bacterial blight was positively correlated with plant age, ecozones higher severity in dryer ecozones (P < 0.01), and weed density (P < 0.05). Further significant, but negative correlations occurred between bacterial blight and cercospora brown leaf spot on the other hand and vegetation type in the surroundings field (number of trees) (P < 0.05). Cercosporabrown leaf spot was also significantly negatively associated with the number of crops in a field (intercropping) (P < 0.05), and Cercospora white leaf spot with sandy soils (P < 0.01). Results indicate that agroecological factors such as ecozone, plant age, weed density, vegetation type, intercropping and soil type and moisture influence disease occurrence and should be considered when developing integrated control measures

    Inventaire des maladies de l’anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) dans la prĂ©fecture de Tchamba au Togo

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    L’anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) est d’une grande importance socio-Ă©conomique. Malheureusement, il est attaquĂ© par bioagresseurs dont les maladies fongiques et bactĂ©riennes. La prĂ©sente a pour but d’inventorier les maladies majeures de cette culture, d’évaluer leur prĂ©valence, incidence et sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ©, et d’identifier les pathogĂšnes associĂ©s dans 5 des 10 cantons de la prĂ©fecture de Tchamba au Togo. Trois vergers par canton ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s par rapport aux symptĂŽmes de maladies. Les rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© 7 maladies : dessĂšchement des bourgeons (DB), anthracnose, jaunissement foliaire, rouille noire, gommose, chancre bactĂ©rien et rouille rouge. Le DB a donnĂ© les taux d’incidence et de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© respectifs de 15,99% et 19,19%, supĂ©rieur Ă  ceux des autres maladies (p = 0,03). La prĂ©valence des maladies a variĂ© de 20% Ă  100%. Les pathogĂšnes associĂ©s identifiĂ©s sont Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pour l’anthracnose, Cochliobolus sp. pour le jaunissement foliaire, Cephaleuros virescens pour la rouille rouge, Lasiodiplodia theobromae pour la gommose et Xanthomonas sp. pour le chancre bactĂ©rien. Il ressort de ces rĂ©sultats que l’anacardier est la cible de pathologiesaussi bien fongiques que bactĂ©riens et que de stratĂ©gies de lutte adaptĂ©es doivent ĂȘtre dĂ©ployĂ©es. &nbsp; English title: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) diseases’ inventory in the prefecture of Tchamba in Togo Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important tropical crop worldwide. However, it is attacked by several bioagressors among which fungal and bacterial diseases. The present study aimed to survey the major diseases of cashew tree, assess their prevalence, incidence and severity, and to identify the associated pathogens in five from the ten districts of the prefecture of Tchamba in Togo. Three cashew plantations per district were visited and fungal and bacterial disease symptoms evaluated. The results revealed seven diseases occurring in the surveyed area: Dieback of buds, anthracnose, leaf yellowing, black rust, gum disease, bacterial canker and red rust. Dieback of buds recorded significantly higher disease incidence of 15.99% and severity of 19.19% than the other diseases (p = 0.03). The prevalence of the diseases varied from 20% to 100%. The associated pathogens of the diseases were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides for anthracnose, Cochliobolus sp. for leaf yellowing, Cephaleuros virescens for red rust, Lasiodiplodia theobromae for gum disease and Xanthomonas sp. for bacterial canker. These results revealed the importance of fungal and bacterial diseases occurring in the studied area, thus appropriate control measures must be developed
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