Penerapan Konseling Kelompok Teknik Kontrak Perilaku untuk Meningkatkan Perilaku Tanggung Jawab Pribadi Siswa Kelas Viii-f SMP Negeri 34 Surabaya

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi hasil pengamatan dan pengalaman peneliti yang memiliki tanggung jawab pribadi rendah selama di sekolah, seperti membolos, tidak mengembalikan peralatan makan ke kantin, menunggu dipanggil oleh guru untuk melaksanakan sholat, mengobrol dan melakukan kegiatan yang tidak seharusnya saat pelajaran hingga berakhir. Hal tersebut juga termasuk pada tata tertib yang harus dipatuhi oleh siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dapat atau tidaknya meningkatkan tanggung jawab pribadi siswa melalui pemberian konseling kelompok teknik kontrak perilaku pada siswa kelas VIII-F SMP Negeri 34 Surabaya. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Single Subject Design (SSD) desain A-B dengan banyak subjek penelitian 5 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan pedoman observasi dan dokumentasi. Sehingga penggunaan Single Subject Design (SSD) sesuai untuk jenis penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelima subjek mengalami Perubahan perilaku membaik yang dapat dilihat pada level Perubahan perilaku tanggung jawab pribadi, yaitu Subjek V membaik 0.83 pada fase intervensi (B). Subjek W membaik 1.15 pada fase intervensi (B). Subjek X membaik 3.9 pada fase intervensi (B). Subjek Y membaik 0.55 pada fase intervensi (B). Subjek Z membaik 0.8 pada fase intervensi (B). Hal ini menunjukkan adanya Perubahan skor sebelum dan sesudah diberikan konseling kelompok terknik kontrak perilaku pada siswa kelas VIII-F SMP Negeri 34 Surabaya. Kata Kunci : Konseling Kelompok, Kontrak Perilaku, Tanggung Jawab Pribadi

Phase lags of quasi-periodic oscillations across source states in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53

While there are many dynamical mechanisms and models that try to explain the origin and phenomenology of the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) seen in the X-ray light curves of low-mass X-ray binaries, few of them address how the radiative processes occurring in these extreme environments give rise to the rich set of variability features actually observed in these light curves. A step towards this end comes from the study of the energy and frequency dependence of the phase lags of these QPOs. Here we used a methodology that allowed us to study, for the first time, the dependence of the phase lags of all QPOs in the range of 1 Hz to 1300 Hz detected in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53 upon energy and frequency as the source changes its states as it moves through the colour-colour diagram. Our results suggest that within the context of models of up-scattering Comptonization, the phase lags dependencies upon frequency and energy can be used to extract size scales and physical conditions of the medium that produces the lags

Infrared variability, maser activity, and accretion of massive young stellar objects

Methanol and water masers indicate young stellar objects. They often exhibit flares, and a fraction shows periodic activity. Several mechanisms might explain this behavior but the lack of concurrent infrared (IR) data complicates to identify the cause. Recently, 6.7 GHz methanol maser flares were observed, triggered by accretion bursts of high-mass YSOs which confirmed the IR-pumping of these masers. This suggests that regular IR changes might lead to maser periodicity. Hence, we scrutinized space-based IR imaging of YSOs associated with periodic methanol masers. We succeeded to extract the IR light curve from NEOWISE data for the intermediate mass YSO G107.298+5.639. Thus, for the first time a relationship between the maser and IR variability could be established. While the IR light curve shows the same period of ~34.6 days as the masers, its shape is distinct from that of the maser flares. Possible reasons for the IR periodicity are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in: Proceedings IAU Symposium 336 "Astrophysical Masers: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe", Editors: A. Tarchi, M.J. Reid & P. Castangia, updated version with hyperlinks adde

Bootstrap approximation for the exchange-correlation kernel of time-dependent density functional theory

A new parameter-free approximation for the exchange-correlation kernel $f_{\rm xc}$ of time-dependent density functional theory is proposed. This kernel is expressed as an algorithm in which the exact Dyson equation for the response as well as a further approximate condition are solved together self-consistently leading to a simple parameter-free kernel. We apply this to the calculation of optical spectra for various small bandgap (Ge, Si, GaAs, AlN, TiO$_2$, SiC), large bandgap (C, LiF, Ar, Ne) and magnetic (NiO) insulators. The calculated spectra are in very good agreement with experiment for this diverse set of materials, highlighting the universal applicability of the new kernel.Comment: 4 figures 5 page

Star count density profiles and structural parameters of 26 Galactic globular clusters

We used a proper combination of high-resolution HST observations and wide-field ground based data to derive the radial star density profile of 26 Galactic globular clusters from resolved star counts (which can be all freely downloaded on-line). With respect to surface brightness (SB) profiles (which can be biased by the presence of sparse, bright stars), star counts are considered to be the most robust and reliable tool to derive cluster structural parameters. For each system a detailed comparison with both King and Wilson models has been performed and the most relevant best-fit parameters have been obtained. This is the largest homogeneous catalog collected so far of star count profiles and structural parameters derived therefrom. The analysis of the data of our catalog has shown that: (1) the presence of the central cusps previously detected in the SB profiles of NGC 1851, M13 and M62 is not confirmed; (2) the majority of clusters in our sample are fitted equally well by the King and the Wilson models; (3) we confirm the known relationship between cluster size (as measured by the effective radius) and galactocentric distances; (4) the ratio between the core and the effective radii shows a bimodal distribution, with a peak at ~ 0.3 for about 80% of the clusters, and a secondary peak at ~ 0.6 for the remaining 20%. Interestingly, the main peak turns out to be in agreement with what expected from simulations of cluster dynamical evolution and the ratio between these two radii well correlates with an empirical dynamical age indicator recently defined from the observed shape of blue straggler star radial distribution, thus suggesting that no exotic mechanisms of energy generation are needed in the cores of the analyzed clusters.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; 19 pages (emulateapj style), 15 figures, 2 table

Competing effects of Mn and Y doping on the low-energy excitations and phase diagram of La1−y_{1-y}Yy_{y}Fe1−x_{1-x}Mnx_xAsO0.89_{0.89}F0.11_{0.11} iron-based superconductors

Muon Spin Rotation ($\mu$SR) and $^{19}$F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements were performed to investigate the effect of Mn for Fe substitutions in La$_{1-y}$Y$_{y}$Fe$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$AsO$_{0.89}$F$_{0.11}$ superconductors. While for $y = 0$ a very low critical concentration of Mn ($x = 0.2$%) is needed to quench superconductivity, as $y$ increases the negative chemical pressure introduced by Y for La substitution stabilizes superconductivity and for $y= 20$% it is suppressed at Mn contents an order of magnitude larger. A magnetic phase arises once superconductivity is suppressed both for $y$=0 and for $y= 20$%. Low-energy spin fluctuations give rise to a peak in $^{19}$F NMR $1/T_1$ with an onset well above the superconducting transition temperature and whose magnitude increases with $x$. Also the static magnetic correlations probed by $^{19}$F NMR linewidth measurements show a marked increase with Mn content. The disruption of superconductivity and the onset of the magnetic ground-state are discussed in the light of the proximity of LaFeAsO$_{0.89}$F$_{0.11}$ to a quantum critical point.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

Efficient tight-binding approach for the study of strongly correlated systems

In this work, we present results from self-consistent charge density functional based tight-binding (DFTB) calculational scheme, including local-density approximation +U (LDA+U) and simplified self-interaction-corrected-like potentials for the simulation of systems with localized strongly correlated electrons. This approach attempts to combine the efficiency of tight binding with the accuracy of more sophisticated ab initio methods and allows treatment of highly correlated electrons for very large systems. This is particularly interesting for the case of rare earths in GaN, where dilute amount of rare earth ions is used. In this work, we show the results of test calculations on bulk ErN and on the substitutional Er-Ga in wurtzite GaN, which we choose as representatives of bulk and point defects in solids with strongly correlated electrons. We find that ErN is a half metal in the ferromagnetic phase and that the substitutional Er-Ga in wurtzite GaN has C-3v symmetry. These examples show that the DFTB approach reproduces well the results of more demanding calculation schemes with a very low computational cost, making it suitable for the study of extended systems beyond the capabilities of density functional theory