Compensatory growth response of sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821) to starvation and refeeding

Compensatory growth response and body composition of male sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna subjected to short-term starvation and subsequent feeding were studied for 54 days. Four feeding schedules were used in this study: C, Control (were fed to apparent satiation throughout the experiment); T1, Treatment 1 (3 days Starvation and 6 days refeeding); T2, Treatment 2 (6 days Starvation and 12 days refeeding); T3, Treatment 3 (9 days Starvation and 18 days refeeding). At the end of the experiment, the starved fish gained a body weight comparable to that of the control fish. There were no differences in condition factor, specific growth rate and weight gain between the starved and control fish at the end of the experiment. Daily feed intake was significantly higher in T3 than that in the control. Short-term starvation did not influence protein, lipid and ash contents. Moisture content of T2 and T3 fish were significantly higher than those of T1 and control fish. The results indicated that complete compensation occurred in the starved fish and that this species can tolerate to short term starvation without any significant effects on growth and feeding performance

The Trend of Hookah Use among Adolescents and Youth: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Recently, there has been an increasing trend in hookah use. If this trend continues, morbidity and mortality due to smoking will increase dramatically. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the causes of the increasing trend in hookah use in adolescents and youth living in Bushehr, Iran. Method: This qualitative study was performed using qualitative content analysis. The research environment consisted of all public areas and the research population was comprised of all children and youth in Bushehr. The 12 participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. After gaining the consent of the participants, the interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of the 5 main themes of "the influence of culture, media preparation, sensory appeal, mistaken belief, and difficulty of quitting". Hookah use among family and friends, lack of enforcement of laws prohibiting public consumption, lack of awareness and the mistaken belief that it is less harmful than cigarettes, the pleasant fruity smell and taste, not having any alternative healthy pastimes, and social pressure were the most common reasons for the increasing trend of hookah use in Bushehr. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for authorities to view this issue as an important dilemma, and to plan to reduce hookah use and solve this problem using effective methods to educate and inform people Keywords: Hookah, Teens, Young, Qualitative research, Tobacc

The Effect of Low-Power Laser Therapy on the TGF/β Signaling Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low-power lasers on kidney disease by investigating several studies.Methods: A number of articles from 1998 to 2019 were chosen from the sources of PubMed, Scopus, and only the articles studying the effect of low-power lasers on kidney disease were investigated.Results: After reviewing the literature, 21 articles examining only the effects of low-power lasers on kidney disease were found. The results of these studies showed that the parameter of the low-power laser would result in different outcomes. So, a low-power laser with various parameters can be effective in the treatment of kidney diseases such as acute kidney disease, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, nephrectomy, metabolic syndrome, and kidney fibrosis. Most studies have shown that low-power lasers can affect TGFβ1 signaling which is the most important signaling in the treatment of renal fibrosis.Conclusion: Lasers can be effective in reducing or enhancing inflammatory responses, reducing fibrosis factors, and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in kidney disease and glomerular cell proliferation

Larval rearing and ontogeny of digestive enzyme activities in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus, Houttuyn 1782)

The present research was conducted to provide insight into digestive larval capacity in Acanthopagrus latus larvae from hatching up to 30 days after hatching (DAH). Newly hatched larvae were stocked into six 300-L cylindrical polyethylene tanks at a density of larvae 50 larvae/L and reared by means of the green water system using Nannochloropsis oculata (0.5 × 106/mL). After mouth opening, larvae were fed with rotifers (5–16 individual/mL) from 2 to 20 DAH; then, Artemia nauplii (0.5–3.0 individuals/mL) were offered to larvae from 18 to 30 DAH, meanwhile a commercial microdiet was offered to larvae from 25 to 30 DAH. Larval performance in terms of growth and survival, and the assessment of the activity of selected digestive enzymes ontogeny of digestive enzymes activities was evaluated in larvae sampled at 0 (hatching), 7, 15, 22 and 30 DAH. Larvae showed an exponential growth characterized by two different growth stanzas, a first one characterized by slow growth rates comprised between hatching to 15 DAH (4.7 ± 0.2 mm), followed by a period of faster growth rates between 16 and 30 DAH (7.5 ± 0.6 mm). The activities of the brush border (alkaline phosphatase, ALP) and cytosolic (leucine-alanine peptidase, LAP) enzymes, as well as those of the pancreatic ones like total alkaline proteases, bile salt-activated lipase and α-amylase were detected from the mouth opening stage. Total activities of pancreatic and gastric enzymes increased with larval growth showing an enhancement of digestive capacities with larval age and size. The intestinal maturation in A. latus as assessed by the ratio of AP to LAP did not occur as expected by end of the first month of life suggesting the complete establishment of digestive luminal processes may take place at older ages. This study related to the growth patterns and ontogenic changes in activity of pancreatic, gastric and intestinal enzymes in A. latus and their nutritional regulation may be considered as the first step for improving the larviculture, as well as assessing and refining the nutritional requirements during the larval and early juvenile stages of this sparid species.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Investigation of Chronic Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Effect on Gene Expression Profile of Human HUVECs Cells

Introduction: Understanding molecular mechanism of chronic low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) effects on human body is subject of many researches. Several aspects of cell function such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis are affected by LDIR. Detection of the main biological process that is targeted by LIDR via network analysis is the main aim of this study.   Methods: GSE66720 including gene expression profiles of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) included irradiated and control cells is downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO). The significant differentially Expressed genes (DEGs) are determined and analyzed via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to find the central individuals. The main cell function which was related to the central nodes was introduced. Results: Among 64 queried DEGs 48 genes were recognized by STRING database. Five hub nodes including; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), Melanoma growth-stimulatory activity/growth-regulated protein α (CXCL1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were introduced as hub nodes. Conclusion: Findings indicates that inflammation is the main initial target of LDIR in cellular level which is associated with alteration in the other essential functions of the irradiated cells

Hypofractionated Radiation Versus Conventional Fractionated Radiation: A Network Analysis

Hypofractionated Versus Conventional Fractionated Radiation: A Network Analysis Introduction: Conventional fractionated (CF) and hypofractionated (HF) are two radiotherapy methods against cancer which are applied in medicine. Understanding efficacy and molecular mechanism of two methods implies more investigations. In the present study proteomic findings about the mentioned methods relative to the controls are analyzed via network analysis.  Methods: The significant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of prostate cancer (PCa) cell line DU145 in response to CF and HF radiation therapy versus controls were extract from literature. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed via STRING database via cytoscape software. The Networks were analyzed by “NetworkAnalyzer” to determine hub DEPs. Results: Number of 126 and 63 significant DEPs were identified for treated DU145 with CF and HF radiation respectively. The PPI networks were constructed by the queried DEPs plus 100 first neighbors. ALB, CD44, THBS1, EPCAM, F2, KRT19, and MCAM were highlighted as common hubs. VTM, OCLN, HSPB1, FLNA, AHSG, and SERPINC1 were appeared as discriminator hub between the studied cells. Conclusion: The 70% of hubs were common between CF and HF conditions and induce radio-resistance activity in the survived cells. Six central proteins were introduced that discriminate function of the two group of irradiated cells. Based on these finding it seems that DU145-CF cells are more radio-resistant relative to the DU145-UF cells

Er:YAG Laser and Cyclosporin A Effect on Cell Cycle Regulation of Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells

Introduction: Periodontitis is a set of inflammatory disorders characterized by periodontal attachment loss and alveolar bone resorption. Because of deficiency in periodontitis mechanical therapy, this study was aimed to explore the molecular influence of the erbium-doped: yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser and cyclosporin A (CsA) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) for improvement in periodontal diseases therapy.Methods: We focused on articles that studied the proteome profiles of HGFs after treatment with laser irradiation and application of CsA. The topological features of differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using Cytoscape Version 3.4.0 followed by module selection from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using Cluster ONE plugin. In addition, we performed gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for the densely connected region and key proteins in both PPI networks.Results: Analysis of PPI network of Er:YAG laser irradiation on HGFs lead to introducing YWHAZ, VCP, HNRNPU, YWHAE, UBA52, CLTC, FUS and IGHG1 as key proteins while similar analysis revealed that ACAT1, CTSD, ALDOA, ANXA2, PRDX1, LGALS3, ARHGDI and EEF1A1 are the crucial proteins related to the effect of drug. GO enrichment analysis of hub-bottleneck proteins of the 2 networks showed the different significant biological processes and cellular components. The functional enrichments of module of Er:YAG laser network are included as fatty acid transmembrane transport, cytokinesis, regulation of RNA splicing and asymmetric protein localization. There are not any significant clusters in network of HGF treated by CsA.Conclusion: The results indicate that there are 2 separate biomarker panels for the 2 treatment methods

Assessment of Immunological Effects of Low-Level Er: YAG Laser Radiation

Introduction: Low-level laser radiation have a significant effect on cell proliferation. Various investigations about effect of Er: YAG laser on the treated cell lines are published. Determining of core targeted proteins is an attractive subject. Aim of this research is identifying the critical targeted protein by low-level Er: YAG laser in Primary Osteoblast-like Cells. Methods: Data was extracted from literature about proteomic assessment of 3.3 J/cm2 of low-level Er: YAG laser radiation on osteoblast-like cells of rat calvaria. The significant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) plus 100 first neighbors were analyzed via network analysis and gene ontology enrichment.   Results: Numbers of 9 DEPs among the 12 queried proteins were included in the main connected component. Analysis revealed that Cxcl1 is a key targeted protein in response to laser radiation. Presence of Cxcl1 in the significant cellular pathways indicates that cell growth and proliferation are affected.    Conclusion: It can be concluded that Immune system is affected by laser to activate cellular defend against stress

Patient safety situation from the nurses viewpoints in an educational hospital

Application of ergonomic recommendations can certainly be helpful in enhancing patient safety. The aim of this research is to evaluate the Situation of patient safety by nurses in Bushehr Persian Gulf Martyrs educational hospital in 2016. The study was descriptive- analytical and the studied populations were all nurses in Bushehr Persian Gulf Martyrs hospital, where 384 nurses were selected by census sampling method. The data collection instrument was a two-part questionnaire consisting of demographic information and Specific patient safety questions, whose reliability and validity had already been confirmed in previous studies. Statistical tests of Chi-Square and independent t-test, analysis was performed. The mean score of patient safety was obtained as 60 (SD: 1.26), suggesting medium level of patient safety in Bushehr Persian Gulf Martyrs hospital. A total of 49.8% of the participants believed that in the hospital, decisions are made by qualified people. There was a significant relationship between gender and following patient safety (P=0.000). However, no significant relationship was seen between experience background and patient safety. There was also a significant relationship between job interest and following patient safety (P=0.035). The situation of patient safety in this hospital is medium and further attempts are needed to enhance the level of patient safety