Gasoline-like fuel produced from waste tire mixed with gasoline and ıts' affect on engine performance and exhaust emission

Bu çalışmada, atık lastik sıvısında üretilen benzin benzeri yakıtın (BBY) ve benzin yakıtına (BY) kütlesel olarak 10%, 20%, ve 30% oranlarında BBY ile yapılan karışımının, buji ateşlemeli (BA) motorda performans ve egzoz emisyon karakteristikleri incelenmiştir. Deneylerde, fren torku, güç, ortalama fren efektif basıncı, fren özgül yakıt tüketimi ve ısıl verimlilik parametleri test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, egzoz gaz sıcaklığı, NO, NOx, CO, CO2, ve HC emisyonları analiz edilmiştir. BBY'nin yüzdeliği BY'de artınca güç, fren torku, ortalama fren efektif basıncı ve termal verimlilik artarken fren özgül yakıt tüketimi azalmıştır. BBY oranin karışımda artirilmasiyla, CO2, NOx, NO emisyonları artarken, CO azalmıştır. Ayrıca, HC ve O2 emisyonu artmıştır. Test sonuclarina gore, numuneler problemsiz olarak yanmistir

Determination of higher heating values (HHVs) of biomass fuels

Current issues related to fuels can be grouped under four headings. Today world is facing three critical problems: (1) high fuel prices, (2) climatic changes, (3) air pollution, and [4] heating value. Higher Heating Value (HHV) is one of the most important properties of fuels which explain the higher energy content and determine the efficient use of biomass and fossil fuels. HHV comes to design calculations or numerical simulations of thermal conversion systems for fuels. There are numerous equations proposed in the literature for calculating the HHV of fuels from the basic analysis data. The proximate and ultimate analyses of fuels are necessary for their efficient and clean utilization while the HHV of fuels determine the quantitative energy content of fuels. The proximate analysis can be applied by using the simple lab equipments. The HHVs nine biomass samples were correlated with their lignin (L%) contents. There was a highly significant correlation between the HHVs and L% of the biomass samples. The HHV (MJ/kg) of the biomass sample as a function of the L was correlated using the following Equation

Production of gasoline and diesel like fuels from waste tire oil by using catalytic pyrolysis

This study has dealt with the pyrolysis of waste tire by using catalytic distillation method to obtain engine fuels. WTO (Waste tire oil) product that had the 40% ratio was produced with 42% char, and the remaining 18% was released to atmosphere as gaseous by product. The WTO was mixed with two additives, namely naturel zeolite and lime, at different mass ratio. Each fuel sample was exposed to pyrolytic distillation to obtain light and heavy fuel products. Characteristics of the as-produced fuels were determined and their distillation tests were investigated. As a result of these tests, the lime mixture fuel sample at 10 wt% ratio of has shown the best results, has acquired the optimum distillation temperatures and was close to diesel fuel. This mixture was categorized as light and heavy fuels according to its distillation test results. Characteristics of those light and heavy fuels were resembled to those of gasoline and diesel fuel, which were named as GLF (gasoline-like fuel) and DLF (diesel-like fuel), respectively. Fractions of the as-produced fuels were 18 wt% of the WTO for the light fuel, and 70 wt% for heavy fuel. The other product was 12 wt% of the residues. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Rotary kiln and batch pyrolysis of waste tire to produce gasoline and diesel like fuels

In this study, waste tire is pyrolyzed in a rotary kiln reactor to obtain more gas, light liquid, heavy liquid, wax products, and less carbon black at their maximum yields as, 20%, 12%, 25%, 8% and 35% of the total weight (4 tones), respectively. Then, the heavy and light oils are reacted with additives such as natural zeolite (NZ) and lime (CaO) at different mass ratio as 2, 6, and 10 wt%, respectively, in the batch reactor to produce liquids similar to standard petroleum fuels. The heavy and light oils mixture samples are distillated to observe their optimum graphics which are similar to gasoline and diesel like fuel. Consequently, the best results are obtained from the CaO sample with 10 wt% in comparison to the ones from the gasoline and diesel fuels. The 10 wt% CaO light liquid mixture resembles to gasoline named as gasoline like fuel (GLF) and the 10 wt% CaO heavy liquid mixture is similar to diesel called as diesel like fuel (DLF). The chemical and physical features of the waste tire, light oil, heavy oil, GLF, and DLF are analyzed by TG (thermogravimetric)/dTG (derivative thermogravimetric), proximate, ultimate, higher heating value (HHV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), sulfur, density, viscosity, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), flash point, moisture, and distillation tests. The test results are turned out to be very close to the standard petroleum fuel. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Chemical characterization of waste tire pyrolysis products

The significance of tire disposal, an attractive waste to convert into burning oil or absorber etc.,has been increasing day by day. However, if it does not change into a useful form, it will damagethe nature and the living things. Thus, pyrolysis, a well-known method, which is used to convertrecycle tire waste into gas, liquid and char. On the other hand, the waste pyrolysis oil or wastetire oil (WTO) has a substantial avaliable calorific value similar to those of fossil fuels. Due topyrolysis reaction, high amount of sulfur is detected in the WTO; therefore, another step ofexplosion applied to WTO to decrease sulfur and also re-upgrade quality of oil with suchcatalysts as Calcium Oxide (CaO) and Natural Zeolite (NZ) at a ratio from 2 to 10 with anincrease of 2 for each step, individually. It is noticed that distillation test is a key analysis forseparation discrimination of rich or lean quality fuel. As a consequence of mixture of catalystWTO reactions, the best curve was observed at a 10% CaO-WTO mixture which was close todiesel#2 and the mixture was separated into two new fuels as light (Gasoline Like Fuel orabbreviated as GLF) and heavy one (Diesel Like Fuel or shortened as DLF) due to temperaturedifferences. According to distillation, FT-IR, NMR and UV–vis were used to analyze WTO,GLF and DLF for defining their characterization as well. Thus, the characterization result data ofsamples have quasi-equivalent with standard petroleum in open literature, and can be combustedin engine as well

Exergoeconomic assessment of a geothermal assisted high temperature steam electrolysis system

Exergoeconomic formulations and procedure including exergy flows and cost formation and allocation within a high temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) system are developed, and applied at three environmental temperatures. The cost accounting procedure is based on the specific exergy costing (SPECO) methodology. Exergy based cost-balance equations are obtained by fuel and product approach. Cost allocations in the system are obtained and effect of the second-law efficiency on exergetic cost parameters is investigated. The capital investment cost, the operating and maintenance costs and the total cost of the system are determined to be 422.2, 2.04, and 424.3 (sic)/kWh, respectively. The specific unit exergetic costs of the power input to the system are 0.0895, 0.0702, and 0.0645 (sic)/kWh at the environmental temperatures of 25 degrees C, 11 degrees C, and -1 degrees C, respectively. The exergetic costs of steam are 0.000509, 0.000544, and 0.000574 (sic)/kWh at the same environmental temperatures, respectively. The amount of energy consumption for the production of one kg hydrogen is obtained as 133 kWh (112.5 kWh power + 20.5 kWh steam), and this corresponds to a hydrogen cost of 1.6 (sic)/kg H-2. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved