Vascular flora of three watersheds in the Fernow Experimental Forest and factors influencing species composition of the herbaceous layer

Herbaceous layer communities respond to a number of environmental variables in forests: thus, study of the herb layer is essential for a more complete understanding of the forest ecosystem. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the flora of the watersheds. (2) describe the species richness and diversity of watersheds 3, 4 , and 7 of the Fernow Experimental Forest, Parsons, West Virginia, and (3) examine stand and soil variables and their influence on the herbaceous communities or the forest. Watersheds were selected on the basis of stand age/history (WS3 20yr, clearcut; WS7 20 yr. clearcut and herbicide: WS4 80 yr, control). Each watershed was sampled foristically by walking its entirety four times from May through August. The voucher specimens and habitat data collected from this sampling method were used to create an annotated species 1ist for all three watersheds, thus providing baseline data for future studies. In addition to the floristic survey, the herb layer was sampled within 15 0.04-ha circular plots per watershed. All vascular plants \u3c 1 -m in height within 10 l-m2 subplots per plot were identified to species and cover (1/4)was estimated. One 10-cm soil sample was collected from two subplots in each plot. Texture values were determined and nutrient analyses were conducted on each soil sample. Extractable Ca, K, Mg, P, organic matter, and pH were all determined. All subplot values were averaged to give means per plot and watershed. These data suggest that (1) herb layer species composition, richness and diversity do not vary with stand age in these forests, (2) response of the herb layer to environmental gradients is a function of stand history and aspect, and (3) species diversity response to elevation is a function of herb layer species and communities to gradient conditions

The effect of arm training on thermoregulatory responses and calf volume during upper body exercise

The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2842-9.PURPOSE: The smaller muscle mass of the upper body compared to the lower body may elicit a smaller thermoregulatory stimulus during exercise and thus produce novel training-induced thermoregulatory adaptations. Therefore, the principal aim of the study was to examine the effect of arm training on thermoregulatory responses during submaximal exercise. METHODS: Thirteen healthy male participants (Mean ± SD age 27.8 ± 5.0 years, body mass 74.8 ± 9.5 kg) took part in 8 weeks of arm crank ergometry training. Thermoregulatory and calf blood flow responses were measured during 30 min of arm cranking at 60% peak power (W peak) pre-, and post-training and post-training at the same absolute intensity as pre-training. Core temperature and skin temperatures were measured, along with heat flow at the calf, thigh, upper arm and chest. Calf blood flow using venous occlusion plethysmography was performed pre- and post-exercise and calf volume was determined during exercise. RESULTS: The upper body training reduced aural temperature (0.1 ± 0.3 °C) and heat storage (0.3 ± 0.2 J g(-1)) at a given power output as a result of increased whole body sweating and heat flow. Arm crank training produced a smaller change in calf volume post-training at the same absolute exercise intensity (-1.2 ± 0.8% compared to -2.2 ± 0.9% pre-training; P < 0.05) suggesting reduced leg vasoconstriction. CONCLUSION: Training improved the main markers of aerobic fitness. However, the results of this study suggest arm crank training additionally elicits physiological responses specific to the lower body which may aid thermoregulation.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

A method for analyzing census data from small populations : developed, tested and applied to a 1958 census of Suba barrio, Paoay, Ilocos Norte, the Philippines

As part of his anthropological fieldwork, in January 1958 Daniel J. Scheans took a census of Suba, an Ilokano barrio in Paoay, Ilocos Norte, the Philippines. The purpose of the thesis was. to use the Suban data to develop, describe and.test a method for analyzing census data for small populations (1000 or fewer persons). The method was to be complete, to generate as much information as possible based on the data collected, to expose weaknesses and gaps in the data collected and in the data collection procedures, to aid future census-takers .in structuring the content of and procedures for taking a census, to be computerized for speed and ease of analysis and adjustment, and to furnish data sufficiently free from methodological variations to allow meaningful comparisons of different populations

Personal injuries from air pollution and air quality control decisions

Master of ScienceRegional PlanningUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/114975/1/39015003284042.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/114975/2/39015003284042.pd

Carta de 1974-04-06 a Philosophy Department (Bryn Mawr) des de Georgetown (Estats Units d'Amèrica)

Preocupació pel fracàs acadèmic del fill. Demana si el consideren vàlid per a continuar els estudis o bé hauria de dedicar-se a altres teme