A Case of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Who Developed Tonic Status Epilepticus Induced by Intravenous Diazepam

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is an epileptic encephalopathy characterized by several types of seizures, special EEG patterns, and cognitive deterioration with resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. It is a well known phenomenon that some antiepileptic drugs (AED) have a worsening effect on some seizure types, especially in the generalized epilepsies of childhood. However, its underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood. In this paper, a case with LGS who developed tonic status epilepticus induced by diazepame given intravenously is reported and the topic of seizure aggravation caused by AED and LGS is discussed

The Levels of Depression and Anxiety Among Undergraduatestudents At Firat University Faculty of Medicine

DergiPark: 379031tmsjAims: The purpose of this study is to measure and assess the depression and anxiety levels among the students at Fırat University Faculty of Medicine. Methods: This questionnaire study was performed on the students at Fırat University Faculty of Medicine between December 2014 and May 2015. It was carried out on a number of 299 undergraduate students under supervision. In this study, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used. In statistical analyses, chi-square and independent t tests were applied for categorical and continuous data, respectively, with p lt; 0.05 being considered as significant. Results: Among those who were enrolled in the study, 25.5% were at the 1 graders, 12.4% were at the 2graders, 16.4% were at the 3rd graders, 18.1% were at the 4th graders, 18.1% were at the 5th graders and 9.4% were at the 6th graders. 6th graders showed significantly lower mean scores for Beck depression inventory as compared to 1st and 5th graders (p=0.007 and p=0.015, respectively). 1st graders had significantly the highest mean score of Beck anxiety among others (p=0.016, p=0.001, p lt;0.001, p=0.031 and p lt;0.001 respectively). 81.6% of undergraduate students reported to have been studying at the faculty of medicine by voluntarily. This ratio was 85% for female, and 77.7% for male subjects with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.104). 54.4% of female and 41.7% of male subjects were living with their family (p=0.026). Among all the undergraduate students enrolled in this study, 11.4% failed the class at least once during their academic calendar. However, this ratio was significantly less among female subjects (6.2% vs. 17.3%, p=0.003). Conclusion: No significant difference was found between those with and without failure at class, those coming up voluntarily and involuntarily, and those living with and without their parents in terms of Beck A and D score

Diffusion-weighted MRI findings of caudate nucleus and putamen in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objective The purpose of this study was to establish the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) findings of the caudate nucleus and putamen in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to obtain new information on the etiopathogenesis of OCD, which is still unclear. Methods The study comprised 20 patients with OCDs and 20 healthy volunteers. In these cases, DW-MRI and diffusion-weighted echo-planar images (DW-EPI) at b600 and b1000 gradient values were taken and the measurements were made using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps of each group at b600 and b1000 values from the caudate nucleus and putamen. Results When the DW-MRI examination in patients with OCD was compared with the control group, the mean ADC values in the caudate nucleus and putamen were not found to have statistically significantly changed. In addition, there were no significant differences regarding the right and left caudate nuclei and putamen ADC values at the b600 and b1000 in the patients with OCD or the control group. Conclusion There are still many unknowns about the neurobiology of OCD. When the DW-MRI examination of the patients with OCD was compared with the control group in our study, no significant difference was found between the ADC values of the caudate nucleus and putamen. Further studies are required for this present study on DW-MRI in patients with OCD to be meaningful

One-pot synthesis of oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates from epoxides and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate: theoretical evidence for an asynchronous concerted pathway

The one-pot reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) with epoxides having phenyl, benzyl and fused cyclic alkyl groups in different solvents under mild reaction conditions without additives and catalysts was studied. Oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates were obtained in ratios close to 1:1 in the cyclization reactions. The best yields of these compounds were obtained in dichloromethane (DCM). Together with 16 known compounds, two novel oxazolidinone derivatives and two novel cyclic carbonates were synthesized with an efficient and straightforward method. Compared to the existing methods, the synthetic approach presented here provides the following distinct advantageous: being a one- pot reaction with metal-free reagent, having shorter reaction times, good yields and a very simple purification method. Moreover, using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory the mechanism of the cycloaddition reactions has been elucidated. The further investigation of the potential energy surfaces associated with two possible channels leading to oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates disclosed that the cycloaddition reaction proceeds via an asynchronous concerted mechanism in gas phase and in DCM

Polikistik over sendromlu hastalarda insülin direnci ve eser elementlerin ilişkisi

Objective: The study was investigate serum zinc (Zn),chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in relation to hormone levels and polycystic ovarysyndrome (PCOS).Materials and Methods: Fourty women between 18-40years of age diagnosed with PCOS. We also seleceted 40healty volunteers as the control group. Serum Zn, Cr, Mn,follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), totaltestosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG),insulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, High DensityLipoprotein (HDL-C) and Low density lipoprotein (LDLC) concentrations were determined.Results: Insulin, glucose, triglyceride, DHEA-S levelswere significantly higher in the PCOS group than in thecontrol group, while FSH and Mn levels were significantly lower in the HOMA-IR group than in the controlgroup (p< 0.05).Conclusions: A possible association is perceptible in ourstudy between some of serum trace elements and womenwith PCOS. The association attains a connotative levelwith the involvement of IR in it. Additional studies evaluating the effects of these elements supplementation wouldbe required to confirm the hypothesis as well as to ascertain whether insulin resistance in the presence of manganese deficiency can directly lead to oxidative stress.Amaç: Bu çalışma, polikistik over sendromunda (PKOS) hormon düzeyleriyle çinko (Zn), krom (Cr), kobalt (Co) ve mangan (Mn) konsantrasyonlarının ilişkisini incelemek için tasarlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya endokrinoloji polikliniğine başvuran 18-40 yaş arası PKOS teşhisi konulan 40 kadın ve aynı sayıda sağlıklı gönüllü alındı. Serum Zn, Cr, Mn, Foliküler stimüle edici hormon (FSH), Lüteinleştirici Hormon (LH), Dehidroepiandrosteron (DHEA-S), Total Testosteron (TT), Seks hormonu bağlayıcı globulin (SHBG), insülin, glukoz, kolesterol, trigliserit, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoproteinler (HDL) ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoproteinler (LDL) konsantrasyonları analiz edildi. Bulgular: PKOS grubunda insülin, glukoz, trigliserit, DHEA-S düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksek iken, FSH ve Mn düzeyleri HOMA-IR grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede düşüktü (p <0.05). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda serum eser elementleri ile PKOS arasında bir ilişki saptanırken, IR’nin dahil edilmesiyle ilişki düzeyi artmaktadır. Ayrıca, mangan eksikliği varlığında insülin direncinin doğrudan oksidatif strese yol açıp açamayacağını belirlemek için bu elementin takviyesinin etkilerini değerlendiren ek çalışmalara ihtiyaç olacağını da düşünmekteyiz

Insulin resistance and serum leptin levels in men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the insulin resistance andserum leptin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS), and to compare body mass indexes (BMI) of OSAS patients withmatched controls without OSAS.Method: Twenty eight patients having apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)?5included in the study. Thirty two healthy subjects assumed as a controlgroup. Venous blood was obtained in the fasting state for themeasurement of glucose, insulin and leptin levels. Insulin resistanceindex was based on the homeostasis model assesment method (HOMAIR).Result: There was no significant difference in the serum leptin levels(control group, 32.88±24.22 ng/ml, OSAS group, 24.93±25.84 ng/ml) and HOMA-IR (control group, 3.01±1.81, OSAS group, 2.58±1.21)between control group and OSAS patients. Insulin resistance and circulatingplasma leptin concentrations in OSAS patients were independentof the AHI and were not different from the control group.Conclusion: We concluded that insulin resistance and plasma leptinconcentrations are mostly associated with the degree of obesity andBMI. Those parameters seem not to be related with the AHI in OSASpatients

The effects of taxifolin on neuropathy related with hyperglycemia and neuropathic pain in rats: A biochemical and histopathological evaluation

Background. Hyperglycemia can be considered a determining factor in the development of diabetic neuropathy as well as neuropathic pain. There is a relationship between the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain. Taxifolin, on the other hand, is a flavonoid that has been documented to inhibit ROS production. Objectives. To investigate the effects of taxifolin, which has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, on alloxan-induced hyperglycemia-induced neuropathy and neuropathic pain, biochemically and histopathologically. Materials and methods. The albino Wistar male rats were divided into 3 groups: Healthy group (HG), only alloxan group (AXG) and alloxan+taxifolin group (ATG). Hyperglycemia in animals was caused through intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg. Paw pain thresholds of animals were measured using Basile algesimeter. Sciatic nerve tissues were examined biochemically and histopathologically in order to evaluate neuropathy. Results. Our experimental results revealed that taxifolin significantly prevented the increase of plasma glucose concentration level with alloxan administration, the decrease of the paw pain threshold related to hyperglycemia, the change of oxidant-antioxidant balance in the sciatic nerve tissue in favor of oxidants, and the deterioration of tissue morphology in animals. Conclusions. Our experimental results indicate that taxifolin alleviates alloxan-induced hyperglycemia-related neuropathy and neuropathic pain

Öğretmen Mesleki Öğrenmesinin Yordayıcıları Olarak Öğretmen Öz Yeterliği ve Bireysel Akademik İyimserlik: Bir Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between teacher self-efficacy, individual academic optimism and teacher professional learning. A total of 300 teachers employed in primary and secondary schools located in the center of Karabuk province participated in this quantitative study designed as correlational research. The data of the current study were gathered through the Teacher Professional Learning Scale, Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale and Academic Optimism of Individual Teacher Scale. A Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was calculated to detect the relationships among variables of the study, and a path analysis was performed to indicate the direct predictive power of teacher self-efficacy on individual academic optimism and teacher professional learning, the direct predictive power of individual academic optimism on teacher professional learning and also the indirect predictive power of teacher self-efficacy on teacher professional learning through individual academic optimism. Results revealed that the dependent and independent variables of the study correlated to each other positively and significantly, and that teacher self-efficacy predicted individual academic optimism and teacher professional learning positively and significantly, and also that individual academic optimism predicted teacher professional learning positively and significantly. Finally, results illustrated that individual academic optimism predicted positively and indirectly teacher professional learning through individual academic optimism. The results of the current study supported the conceptual model built on the relationship between teacher self-efficacy, individual academic optimism, and teacher professional learning, the three being crucial for teacher development.Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen öz yeterliği, bireysel akademik iyimserlik ve öğretmen mesleki öğrenmesi arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konmasıdır. İlişkisel tarama modelinde kurgulanan bu araştırmaya Karabük ili merkezinde bulunan ilk ve ortaokullarda görev yapan toplam 300 öğretmen katılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında, “Öğretmen Mesleki Öğrenme Ölçeği”, “Öğretmen Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği” ve “Bireysel Akademik İyimserlik Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek amacıyla Pearson Momentler Çarpım Korelasyon Katsayısı hesaplanmış; öğretmen öz yeterliğinin ve bireysel akademik iyimserliğin öğretmen mesleki öğrenmesi üzerindeki doğrudan yordayıcılık gücü ile öğretmen öz yeterliğinin bireysel akademik iyimserlik üzerinden öğretmen mesleki öğrenmesi üzerindeki dolaylı yordayıcılık gücünü sınamak için de yol (path) analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, araştırmanın bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkilerin bulunduğunu, öğretmen öz yeterliğinin bireysel akademik iyimserliği ve öğretmen mesleki öğrenmesini pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir biçimde yordadığını, bireysel akademik iyimserliğin öğretmen mesleki öğrenmesini pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir biçimde yordadığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte mevcut araştırmada, öğretmen öz yeterliğinin bireysel akademik iyimserlik üzerinden öğretmen mesleki öğrenmesi üzerinde dolaylı yordayıcılık gücüne sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mevcut araştırmanın sonuçları, öğretmenlerin gelişiminde önemli değişkenler arasında yer alan öğretmen mesleki öğrenmesi, öğretmen öz yeterliği ve bireysel akademik iyimserlik ilişkilerine yönelik kurulan teorik modeli istatistiksel olarak desteklemiştir

Thyroid fine needle aspiration reporting rates and outcomes before and after Bethesda implementation: A single-center experience over 8 years

Aimː To evaluate data from our hospital system before and after the implementation of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC) and comparison of our data with the previously published studies. Methods: Seven hundred seventy-one patients with thyroid nodules who underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and surgery at our institution were analyzed retrospectively. FNAB results&nbsp;were divided into two parts in terms of the period they related to: pre-TBSRTC (between 2005 and 2010) and TBSRTC (between 2011 and 2013). Results: 341 FNAB were applied&nbsp;in the period of TBSRTC. Of the 341 FNAB, 53(16%) were non diagnostic, 82(24%) were benign, 62(18%) were atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 28(8%) were follicular neoplasms and/or suspicion of follicular neoplasms (FN/SFN), 95(28%) were suspicion for malignancy (SuspM), and 21(6%) were malignant. Rates of malignancy reported on follow-up histopathological examination were non diagnostic in 11%, benign in 4.9%, AUS/FLUS in 23%, FN/SFN in 32%, SuspM in 44%, and malignant in 95.3%. Conclusions: In this study, the distribution of cases in TBSRTC categories and malignancy rates, differed from, recommended by TBSRTC and some studies. Implementation of TBSRTC did significantly affect our institution’s reporting rates