KARAKTERISTIK SENSORI DAN ANALISIS MIKROBA TEMPE SEGAR BERANEKA RASA

Tempe merupakan produk fermentasi yang umumnya terbuat dari kacang kedelai. Formulasi terhadap bahan baku dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai fungsional dan mutu sensorinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dominan dan analisis mikroba pada tempe dengan bahan baku yang divariasikan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan empat jenis tempe, yaitu tempe kedelai kuning (154), tempe dengan campuran kacang kedelai kuning, kacang kedelai hitam, kacang koro, kacang hijau (581), tempe kedelai kuning dengan penambahan kayu manis (943), dan tempe dengan campuran kacang kedelai kuning, kacang kedelai hitam, kacang koro, keju Gouda (489). Analisis karakteristik sensori dilakukan dengan metode Projective Mapping. Seluruh sampel diuji terhadap 75 orang panelis tidak terlatih. Principal Component Analysis dan WordItOut digunakan untuk mendapatkan konfigurasi posisi dan karakteristik dominan tempe. Analisis koliform menggunakan metode Most Probable Number. Jumlah mikroba pada tempe dianalisis dengan metode Angka Lempeng Total. Hasil analisis biplot menunjukkan bahwa 154 dan 943 berada pada satu kuadran, sedangkan 581 berada pada kuadran yang sama dengan 489. Karakteristik dominan pada tempe 154 adalah aroma tempe segar, warna putih kekuningan, rasa hambar, tekstur padat, pada tempe 581 aroma asam, warna putih kehijauan, rasa asam, tekstur padat, pada 943 aroma kacang-kacangan, warna putih kehijauan, rasa hambar, tekstur padat dan pada tempe 489 adalah aroma asam, warna putih kehijauan, rasa asam, tekstur padat. Seluruh sampel tempe tidak mengandung mikroba koliform. Seluruh sampel menunjukkan jumlah mikroba yang tinggi kemungkinan karena tingginya pertumbuhan kapang dan bakteri probiotik

STUDY OF REACTION PATHWAY AND KINETIC OF ESTRAGOLE ISOMERIZATION TO CIS-ANETHOLE AND TRANS-ANETHOLE

Estragole isomerization in basic condition resulted cis- and trans-anethole. Hence, there were two reaction pathway of estragole isomerization i.e. parallel and consecutive. The reaction pathway gave information about reaction mechanism. Estragole isomerization was carried out in various kind and volume of solvent, base ratios, and at various time and temperature. The products were analyzed by GC-MS, and FTIR. The result showed that the estragole isomerization pathway in ethanol and ethylene glycol was parallel. The mechanism of estragole isomerization proceed through carbanion intermediate with Eatotal of 178,6238 J/mol .Keywords: estragole, cis-anethole, trans-anethole, isomerization pathway

A potential study on clove oil, eugenol and eugenyl acetate as diesel fuel bio‐additives and their performance on one cylinder engine

Research on the potency of essential oils as diesel fuel bio-additives has been reported. It also has been found out that clove oil has a better performance than turpentine oil on decreasing Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and reduces the exhaust emissions of the engine. Clove oil is essential oil the content of which is made of eugenol acting as the main component. Eugenol has a bulky structure, two oxygen atoms and can form eugenyl acetate from ester reaction. Eugenyl acetate has a bulkier structure and higher oxygen content than eugenol which leads to optimizing the process of fuel combustion. This experiment can give information about the potency of the bio-additive based on clove oil and eugenol and about the influence of oxygen enrichment with eugenol on the performance of the diesel fuel bio-additive. In general, this experiment covered three stages. The first step is the characterization of the diesel fuel bio-additive using a GCMS and FTIR spectrophotometer. The second step is the characterization of the diesel fuel bio-additive and composition optimization. The final step is conducting a diesel fuel bio-additive performance test on one cylinder engine on a laboratory scale. The results of the carried out experiment show that clove oil, eugenol and eugenyl acetate can decrease Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and reduce the exhaust emissions of the engine as well as oxygen enrichment can help in reaching optimal fuel combustion. First published online: 27 Oct 201

Pendugaan Umur Simpan Produk Ready To Drink (RTD) Bunga Telang dengan Evaluasi Sensori menggunakan Survival Analysis

Bunga telang memiliki pigmen antosianin yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna pada makanan dan minuman. Ready To Drink (RTD) bunga telang terbuat dari campuran air, gula dan biji chia serta bunga telang (Clitoria Ternatea) dengan rasa jeruk nipis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan umur simpan produk RTD bunga telang dengan menggunakan evaluasi sensori, survival analysis. Lima puluh orang panelis melakukan pengujian pada setiap 3 hari hingga 15 hari dengan suhu simpan produk 4, 27 dan 37°C. Parameter yang digunakan adalah uji sensori, analisis total mikroba dan kapang, pengukuran pH, warna dan total padatan terlarut (TPT). Pada penelitian ini, umur simpan produk pada suhu 4, 27 dan 37°C memberikan hasil berbeda yaitu 6, 4 dan 3 hari. Total mikroba pada hari ke-6 pada suhu 4°C telah melewati batas maksimum, sementara suhu 27 dan 37°C pada hari ke-3, sedangkan total kapang khamir telah melewati batas maksimum pada hari ke-6. Nilai pH pada ketiga suhu berada pada kisaran nilai 3,19 hingga 3,51. Nilai ∆E* pada suhu 4 dan 27°C berada pada kisaran 2,0-3,0 yaitu sedikit terlihat, sedangkan 37°C terdapat nilai yang melebihi 3,0 yaitu terlihat dengan baik. Nilai TPT mengalami penurunan tetapi tidak berbeda nyata. Suhu 4°C merupakan kondisi penyimpanan optimum dibandingkan suhu lainnya

Isolasi Senyawa β-Karoten dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Mentah (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) dengan Metode Kromatografi Kolom Terbuka

Minyak kelapa sawit mentah dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber β-karoten karena jumlahnya yang melimpah dan tingginya kadar β-karoten. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi β-karoten minyak sawit mentah (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dengan metode kromatografi kolom terbuka. Ekstraksi total karotenoid dilakukan dengan metode transesterifikasi-adsorpsi-desorpsi dan metode saponifikasi. Variabel yang diteliti pada metode transesterifikasi-adsorpsi-desorpsi adalah perbandingan kaolin terhadap metal ester-nya yaitu rasio 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 sedangkan variabel pada metode saponifikasi adalah waktu saponifikasi 0, 30 menit dan 60 menit. Hasil ekstrak total karotenoid dari metode yang terbaik dilanjutkan isolasi dengan kromatografi kolom terbuka. Hasil ekstrak dan isolat dikarakterisasi dengan kromatografi lapis tipis, spektrofotometer UV-VIS dan HPLC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstraksi saponifikasi pada suhu 56 °C selama 60 menit menghasilkan recovery β-karoten paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 80.90% dan berbeda secara statistik dengan perlakuan lainnya. Isolasi β-karoten dengan kromatografi kolom terbuka dilakukan dengan eluen heksana, aseton, etil asetat dan metanol (27:4:2:2), isolat yang dihasilkan memiliki Rf yang sama dengan standar dan absorbansi maksimum pada panjang gelombang yang berdekatan dengan standar. Konsentrasi β-karoten yang diperoleh adalah 178.43 ± 20.37 ppm dengan % recovery 78.09%

Efek Pemanasan Skala Rumah Tangga terhadap Komponen Bioaktif Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus)

Kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus) are one type of vegetable that is commonly consumed in Indonesia both in fresh or cooked forms. The research was aimed to investigate the effect of household scale heating (boiling, steaming, or microwave heating) on the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and bioactive components of kenikir leaves. The research was divided into several stages such as sample preparation, household scale processing method, extraction, TPC analysis by folin-ciocalteu method, antioxidant activity analysis by DPPH method, and bioactive components analysis (caffeic acid and ferulic acid) by a reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The TPC of fresh kenikir leaves extract was 148.29–262.36 mg/100 g WB. Boiling or microwave heating for 3 minutes significantly decreased (p<0.05) TPC and antioxidant activity of kenikir leaves, as well as caffeic acid and ferulic acid contents. The steaming or microwave heating for one minute didn’t show significant differences in TPC and antioxidant activity when compared to fresh kenikir leaves. Furthermore, the steaming or microwave heating for one minute could maintain caffeine acid and ferulic acid contents of kenikir leaves. The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity of kenikir leaves (r = 0.904)

Proximate Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Sensory Analysis of Rice Bran Tempeh

Tempeh is a fermented food prepared using the raw materials of soybean fermented by Rhizopus sp. This traditional food is fairly highly consumed in Indonesia. Soybean, which is the primary raw material used in the processing of tempeh, is still being imported due to its insufficient production in Indonesia. Rice bran can be used as a substitute for soybeans in tempeh processing to add to its (health) benefit. Rice bran has good nutritional value as it contains a high total content of phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, fat, and the amino acid lysine. Thus, rice bran provides an opportunity to use it as a product with functional properties. This study was conducted to determine the proximate characteristics, the total phenolic content (TPC), and the sensory properties of tempeh with the addition of rice bran, chitosan, and glucono delta-lactone (GDL). The addition of chitosan was used as a source of prebiotic, and GDL was required to accelerate the fermentation process. The chemical characteristics (protein, fat, and water content), the TPC, and the sensory properties (color, aroma, texture, and overall acceptability) of rice bran tempeh were analyzed. Results showed that the tempeh sample with the addition of 20% (w/w) rice bran showed the best sensory analysis. It consisted of 57.23% of water content, 37.42% of protein content, 19.72% of fat content, and 83.98 mg GAE/100 g of TPC

Proximate Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Sensory Analysis of Rice Bran Tempeh

Tempeh is a fermented food prepared using the raw materials of soybean fermented by Rhizopus sp. This traditional food is fairly highly consumed in Indonesia. Soybean, which is the primary raw material used in the processing of tempeh, is still being imported due to its insufficient production in Indonesia. Rice bran can be used as a substitute for soybeans in tempeh processing to add to its (health) benefit. Rice bran has good nutritional value as it contains a high total content of phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, fat, and the amino acid lysine. Thus, rice bran provides an opportunity to use it as a product with functional properties. This study was conducted to determine the proximate characteristics, the total phenolic content (TPC), and the sensory properties of tempeh with the addition of rice bran, chitosan, and glucono delta-lactone (GDL). The addition of chitosan was used as a source of prebiotic, and GDL was required to accelerate the fermentation process. The chemical characteristics (protein, fat, and water content), the TPC, and the sensory properties (color, aroma, texture, and overall acceptability) of rice bran tempeh were analyzed. Results showed that the tempeh sample with the addition of 20% (w/w) rice bran showed the best sensory analysis. It consisted of 57.23% of water content, 37.42% of protein content, 19.72% of fat content, and 83.98 mg GAE/100 g of TPC

Karakterisasi Fisiko-Kimia Biji dan Kulit Ari Kacang Bogor Asal Jampang-Sukabumi Jawa Barat

The traditional cultivation and limited use of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) seed and coat have encouraged the development of this commodity. The aim of this research was to characterize the seed and coat of bambara groundnut from Jampang, Kab. Sukabumi, West Java. Analysis on bambara groundnut seed including proximate analysis, in vitro protein digestibility, starch content, and dietary fiber, as well as analysis on its coat including anthocyanin, total phenolic, antioxidant activity, phytic acid and tannin, were examined in this study. The results showed that bambara groundnut seed from Jampang-Sukabumi contained 16.53% proteins, 3.04% ash, 7.83% fats and 55.22% carbohydrates in dry basis (db). The carbohydrates consisted of starch 52.71% and dietary fiber 7.47% (db). The protein had an in vitro protein digestibility of 41.65% db. The purple seed coat contained of 1.51% anthocyanin, 25.85 mg/g total phenolic content (as gallic acid equivalent), antioxidant activity at 82.75% inhibition of free radical DPPH, 6.37 mg/g phytic acid, and 96.79 mg/g tannin (as tannic acid equivalent) in dry basis. The relatively high content of tannin and antioxidant activity but very low phytic acid content, make the bambara seed coat a potential source for tannin, meanwhile the bambara groundnut is potential as a nutrition source

Volatile Compounds, Sensory Profile and Phenolic Compounds in Fermented Rice Bran

Rice bran (RB), a by-product of the rice milling process, is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Current studies have suggested that fermentation can enhance the bioactivities of RB. This study is aimed to analyse the volatile compounds and sensory profile of fermented RB from two cultivars (Inpari 30 and Cempo Ireng) that are well-known in Indonesia, as well as to measure total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. Volatile compounds of fermented RB were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with headspace-solid phase microextraction. The optimum TPC and antioxidant activity were observed after 72 h fermentation of RB. The 55 volatile compounds were identified in fermented and non-fermented RB. They were classified into alcohols, aldehydes, acids, ketones, phenols, esters, benzene, terpenes, furans, lactone, pyridines, pyrazines, and thiazoles. Volatile compounds were significantly different among the varieties. The sensory analysis showed that the panelists could differentiate sensory profiles (color, taste, flavor, and texture) between the samples. Fermentation can enhance the acceptance of RB. These studies may provide opportunities to promote the production of fermented RB as a functional ingredient with enhanced bioactivity for health promotion