Treatment of a Maxillary First Molar with Two Palatal Roots

Thorough knowledge of the morphology and internal anatomy of the root canal system is essential, because it determines the successful outcome of endodontic treatment. The main goal of endodontic treatment is to prevent apical periodontitis and/or to promote the healing of periapical lesion. Presence of two canals or roots on the palatal side of the first maxillary molar has rarely been reported. This case report presents a maxillary first molar with two separate palatal roots.Keywords: Anatomic Variation; Maxillary First Molar; Palatal Root; Root Canal Anatomy  

Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment of Asymptomatic Teeth Using Rotary Instruments: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of two different rotary instruments on postoperative pain in teeth with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Methods and Materials: A total of 78 mandibular first and second molars were divided into two groups (n=39) and their root canal preparation was carried out with either RaCe or ProTaper rotary instruments. All the subjects underwent one-visit root canal treatment and the severity of postoperative pain was evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS) at 4-, 12-, 24-, 48- and 72-h and 1-week intervals. In addition, the need for taking analgesics was recorded. Data were analyzed with the repeated-measures ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for two-by-two comparison. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: Comparison of mean pain severity between the two groups at various postoperative intervals did not reveal any significant differences (P=0.10). The difference in amount of analgesics taken by each groups was not statistically significant (P=0.25). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the postoperative pain reported between the two groups; which indicates the clinical acceptability of both systems.Keywords: Irreversible Pulpitis; Flare-Up; Postoperative Pain; ProTaper; RaCe; Root Canal Treatment 

The Association of Dietary Patterns With Dietary Inflammatory Index, Systemic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance, in Apparently Healthy Individuals With Obesity

Infammation is considered a key mechanism leading to obesity. Dietary patterns and certain food items infuence infammation. Few studies have investigated the contribution of major dietary patterns to biological measures of infammation. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the associations of diferent dietary patterns with dietary infammatory index (DII), systemic infammation, and insulin resistance (IR) in the apparently healthy obese. In this cross-sectional study, 151 abdominally obese subjects were recruited from the Northwest of Iran. Dietary intake, demographic data, anthropometric indices, and physical activity (PA) was assessed. DII scores were calculated based on a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Three dietary patterns were identifed, using principal component analysis. Basal blood samples were collected to determine biochemical parameters. Linear regression test with adjusted beta estimates was applied for data analysis. Three dietary patterns were extracted as Healthy, Western, and Traditional. Body mass index (BMI) (p\u3c 0.01) and fat mass (p\u3c 0.001) were directly associated with the Western dietary pattern. Conversely, serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) (b= − 0.1, p\u3c 0.04) was negatively associated with Healthy dietary pattern, after controlling for confounders. The Traditional pattern was found to be inversely related to DII (b= − 0.3, p\u3c 0.001). The association was also reveresed between Traditional pattern and IR (Odds Ratio: 0.3 (95% Confdence Interval 0.1–0.9)). The results suggested that the Western dietary pattern was related to higher BMI and fat mass. In addition, the Healthy pattern was associated with decreased levels of LBP. Adherence to the Traditional dietary pattern was inversely related to DII as well as IR

Health Information Seeking Behavior (HISB): A Study of a Developing Country

The purpose of this study was to increase the understanding of the ways that people find health information in Iran, as a developing country, and also to identify how they evaluate the roles of public libraries in providing their users with health information. The setting of the study is public libraries of Qazvin City of Iran. The four main public libraries in different areas of the city were selected for research. Sample size of this study was 200(n=200). To collect data a structured questionnaire was used. Data were summarized using frequency (%) for qualitative variables. The Chi -Square tests were also used to test the association between the socio-demographic variables and health information seeking behavior. The study indicates that health information seekers in Iran are passive information seekers rather than active ones. The results showed that most common resources for seeking health information were “TV” and “discussions with others”. Among the persons used internet for search health information, search engines such as Google or Yahoo were more used. Also results indicated that among persons going to public libraries, there was a group that referred to public library for finding information about health and for using information sources such as medical magazines, books and etc. In review of relationship between socio-demographic properties such as age, gender, education and job and the use of health information resource conclude that there is a meaningful-relationship between education level and use of internet for getting health information and between age, job and “discussions with family, relatives or close friends” for receiving health information. This study suggests that one of the key issues in public libraries could be educating the citizens (its members at least) until people become familiar with available health resources in the library and even librarians teach them how to search on the authentic websites

Is librarians’ health affected by ergonomic factors at the work place?

Introduction: It is obvious that every professional worker is known as an active agent in production and productivity. Therefore; employers consider specifically the health of their staff and creating a suitable space in agreement with their physical and psychological characteristics. Librarianship is also among those professions. However; there should be more evidence in order to shed light on the importance of the ergonomic factors for all library managers and policy makers and moreover; make the staff both reach self-awareness and take the right action about the health of their career. The very aim of this study is to find out whether librarians’ health is affected by the ergonomic factors or no? Methods: This is a descriptive survey study. Musculoskeletal disorders were studied using a questionnaire and checklist designed based on NAYUSH and USHA standards. The questionnaire was composed of two parts: the first part included questions about demographic information and the second part included questions related to musculoskeletal disorders based on the Nordic questionnaire. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software, and the results were obtained. Results: The study indicated that librarians’ health is affected by ergonomic factors. 52.6% of the staff had some kinds of musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders. The greatest complications were on neck and back discomfort caused by working with improper working tools. Conclusion: Despite the population being young, the incidence of complications was high and there was a meaningful relationship between increasing work experience and the incidence of experiencing musculoskeletal symptoms. Moreover; the working factors that affected different parts of the body were found mostly in the neck and back regions

Relationship Between Pre Menstrual Syndrome With Body Mass Index Among University Students

Background & Aim: Several factors have been reported to be influential in development of the premenstrual syndrome. There are no studies available on relationship between premenstrual syndrome with body mass index in Iran. This study aimed to determine this relationship among university students.Methods & Materials: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on a random sample of 500 students living in the dorms of Arak University of Medical Sciences. The participants had not stress, anxiety and severe depression on the basis of the DASS21. Data were gathered using Social Status Questionnaire, including demographic, menstrual status, reproductive and eating habits and body mass index measurement items. The participants completed the abbreviated form of premenstrual syndrome evaluation within seven days of bleeding up to two days after onset of bleeding for one cycle. Using logistic regression analysis, the association was assessed by adjusting for confounding variables.Results: A majority of the students had normal BMI (<25) (90.8%). The results showed that the risk of premenstrual syndrome in the participants with high BMI was 2.43 times more than the participants with normal BMI (OR=2.43; CI=8.33-1.66).Conclusion: High BMI increased the risk of premenstrual syndrome. Interventions to decrease the BMI should be designed and implemented in overweight and obese patients with premenstrual syndrome

Status of Perceived Social Support and Quality of Life among Hearing-Impaired Adolescents

Background Annual four to five thousand babies are born with hearing loss in the Iran. Hearing impairment is a disability that affects the quality of life of people with this problem. These individuals need to support from family and friends because of their specific conditions that this received support has impact on their quality of life. This study was conducted to assess the status of perceived social support and quality of life of hearing-impaired adolescent. Material and Methods A cross-correlation study was performed with cluster and multi stage random sampling method on 83 students with hearing impairment who met the inclusion criteria of the study in Mashhad. The data collection tools included Pediatric quality of life inventory (adolescent form) and perceived social support inventory (from family and friends).The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed through SPSS software version 16. Results The results showed that the majority of the most of adolescents with hearing impairment were reported moderate total quality of life (%51.8). But the majority of them reported perceived social support from family was moderate (%61.5) and from friends was week (%45.8). Also there was a significant relationship between category of total quality of life of adolescent viewpoint with perceived social support from family (P=0.056). Conclusion Based on the obtained results, the majority of the most of adolescents with hearing impairment were reported moderate total quality of life. Disability and condition of these persons affects quality of life of them, so need for adequate support from family, friends and society. Nurses play an important role in identifying and introduce these needs and condition and how to deal with them

Steroid-depleted polycystic ovarian syndrome serum promotes <i>in vitro</i> oocyte maturation and embryo development

<p><i>In vitro</i> maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes obtained from patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a novel strategy in order to reduce clinical side effects and cost of <i>in vitro</i> fertilization (IVF) technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PCOS whole and steroid-depleted serums on <i>in vitro</i> oocyte maturation indices. Patients with PCOS were selected according to the Rotterdam criteria. Cumulus–oocyte complexes and blood serums were collected and pooled. Cumulus cells and immature oocytes were treated with 10% whole or steroid-depleted serums. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (<i>SCD1</i>) and cyclooxygenase-2 (<i>COX2</i>) expression levels in cumulus cells were evaluated by quantitative PCR. Fatty acid composition of cumulus cells was analyzed using gas–liquid chromatography. Polar body observation was considered as the oocyte maturation index. Oleate (1.28-fold, <i>p</i> = .006), <i>SCD1</i> expression (450-fold, <i>p</i> = .001), and <i>COX2</i> expression (35-fold, <i>p</i> = .02) in cumulus cell, as well as oocyte maturation (<i>p</i> < .001) and <i>in vitro</i> embryo development (<i>p</i> < .05) were significantly higher in treatment with steroid-depleted serum compared to that of whole serum. Steroid depletion of PCOS serum improved its capacity to increase success rate of oocyte maturation, intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection and early embryo development.</p