Que Grande es el Cine!

El objetivo de este trabajo sobre el programa que viene emitiéndose en TVE2 estos cuatro últimos años, ¡Qué grande es el cine!, ha sido reunir todos los datos que caractericen al programa, haciendo un estudio sobre los contenidos emitidos, ya sean bien las películas, bien los coloquios ofrecidos en cada espacio. Por ello, este trabajo se ha basado más en los aspectos propiamente relacionados con la emisión que en cómo se lleva a cabo el proceso de documentación del programa. Sin embargo, este segundo aspecto no ha quedado omitido, ya que lo consideramos esencial para que el trabajo dé una perspectiva acerca de lo que es ¡Qué grande es el cine

PROTOCOLO DE INTERVENCION PREVENTIVA EN TECNOESTRÉS

El siguiente trabajo consiste en una exposición de los riesgos laborales psicosociales mas conocidos y sus consecuencias, prestando especial atención al tecnoestrés y realizando así un protocolo de prevención contra este tipo de estrés. <br /

Epidemiología y clínica de las infecciones y colonizaciones causadas por enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas en un hospital de tercer nivel

Objective. To describe the epidemiology of Enterobactera-les producing carbapenemases (EPC) in a tertiary hospital. Material and methods. A retrospective observational study, all patients with a positive sample for EPC treated in hospitalization or in the Emergency Department were included, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016. Results. A total of 272 patients (316 samples) were in-cluded: 155 (57%) male. Mean age of 70.4 years (95% CI 68.2-72.7). Mean Charlson index was 3.6 (95% CI 3.4-3.8). In 63.2% the acquisition was nosocomial, in 35.3% it was health-care associated (HA). 55.1% presented infection, the most frequent infection was urinary tract infection (UTI) (58.7%). The most frequent species were Klebsiella pneumoniae (62.7%) and Enterobacter cloacae (10.1%). The most frequent types of carbapenemase were OXA-48 (53.8%) and VIM (43%). The nosocomial acquisition was associated with the male gender, transplantation, immunosuppression, admission to the Intensi-ve Care Unit (ICU) or surgical service, prior antibiotic treatment, Enterobacter, VIM, respiratory and intra-abdominal infections. The HA acquisition was associated with age and comorbidity, nursery home origin, bladder catheterization, greater number of outpatient procedures, previous hospital admission, K. pneu-moniae and E. coli, OXA-48, coproduction of extended spectrum betalactamases, UTI and sepsis. Conclusions. Patients who acquire EPC in nursery homes frequently have an infection. Patients with nosocomial acquisition are colonized by EPC in the ICU, in relation to invasive procedures and transplantation. This population has a higher mortality due to developing respiratory infections by EPC

Etiología de las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes intervenidos de cirugía cardiaca

ResumenIntroducciónLas infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca constituyen una complicación relevante que puede incrementar la estancia hospitalaria y la morbimortalidad.MétodoAnálisis de las ISQ tras cirugía cardiaca en pacientes del estudio de prevalencia de infecciones en hospitales españoles (EPINE) durante el período 1999-2006.ResultadosDurante el período de tiempo considerado se diagnosticaron 189casos de ISQ en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca. Noventa y cinco pacientes (50,3%) habían sido sometidos a cirugía valvular y 94 (49,7%) a bypass coronario. La edad media fue de 62,8años (mediana 69). Las ISQ que se evidenciaron fueron infección incisional superficial (69pacientes, 37%), incisional profunda (68enfermos, 36%) y de órgano o espacio (52enfermos, 27%). Se aislaron 180especies bacterianas en los pacientes analizados. Los microorganismos aislados con más frecuencia fueron estafilococos coagulasa negativo (37%), Staphylococcus aureus sensible a meticilina (15,5%), S.aureus resistente a meticilina (6,6%), Enterococcus spp, (6,1%), Escherichia coli (5%), Enterobacter cloacae (5%) y Serratia marcescens (4,4%). No se detectaron diferencias significativas en la etiología al comparar casos de ISQ tras cirugía valvular y cirugía coronaria ni al hacerlo entre infecciones incisionales e infecciones de órgano o espacio.ConclusiónLos estafilococos coagulasa negativos y S.aureus produjeron la mayoría de ISQ tras cirugía cardiaca. No hubo diferencias en la etiología en relación con el tipo de intervención ni con la profundidad de la infección.AbstractIntroductionSurgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery are a significant complication that causes increased hospital stay and morbi-mortality.MethodAnalysis of SSIs after cardiac surgery in patients included in the EPINE study (study of the prevalence of infections in Spanish hospitals) during the period 1999-2006.ResultsDuring the considered period it was detected 189cases of SSIs in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Ninety-five patients (50.3%) had undergone heart valve surgery and 94patients (49.7%) had undergone coronary bypass. The mean age was 62.8years (median 69). SSIs that were observed consisted in superficial incisional infection (69patients, 37%), deep incisional (68patients, 36%) and organ or space (52patients, 27%). One hundred eighty bacterial species were isolated in these patients. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci (37%), methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (15.5%), methicillin resistant S.aureus (6.6%), Enterococcus spp (6.1%), Escherichia coli (5%), Enterobacter cloacae (5%) and Serratia marcescens (4.4%). There were no significant differences in etiology when comparing cases of SSI after valve surgery and coronary bypass surgery or did between incisional infections and organ or space infections.ConclusionCoagulase-negative staphylococci and S.aureus caused the majority of SSIs after cardiac surgery. There were no differences in the etiology in relation to the type of surgery or the depth of the infection

¿Disminuye el Estrés Generado en la Sala de Disección la Formación sobre la Muerte y el Moribundo?

Positive effects on reducing students’ stress have been reported across numerous university settings when anatomy preparatory seminars have been provided. To date, this type of preparation for coping with cadaver dissection has not been studied in Spanish universities. The aim of this study is to evaluate how first-year Spanish medical students face the dissecting room and whether previous preparation about death and dying reduces the stress generated. We performed an interventional study with students who received preparatory classes before the dissection practices (Experimental Group, EG) and with students who did not (Control Group, CG). Sociodemographic data and a self-assessment on stress symptoms were collected through a questionnaire completed before and after the dissection practices. No differences were found in the self-report of symptoms of stress among students who consider themselves religious or not, or between students who had a family member in the healthcare environment or not. However, in the EG, the students who had ample experience with terminally ill patients or death reported fewer stress symptoms. Unexpectedly, the number of self- reported stress symptoms after the dissection practice was higher in EG students. In conclusion the stress levels of first-year Spanish medical students not only did not improve after receiving preparatory classes about death and dying and discussion groups, but it gets worse. We found a relationship between student stress measured and experience with terminally ill patients or death. Additional studies are needed to identify the most suitable preparation for Spanish medical students.Se han informado efectos positivos en la reducción del estrés en los estudiantes de numerosos entornos universitarios cuando se han impartido seminarios preparatorios de anatomía. Hasta la fecha, este tipo de preparación para hacer frente a la disección del cadáver no se ha estudiado en las universidades españolas. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar cómo los estudiantes de medicina españoles de primer año se enfrentan a la sala de disección y si la preparación previa sobre la muerte y el moribundo reduce el estrés generado. Realizamos un estudio de intervención con estudiantes que recibieron clases preparatorias antes de las prácticas de disección (Grupo Experimental, GE) y con estudiantes que no las recibieron (Grupo de Control, GC). Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y síntomas de estrés mediante un cuestionario de autoevaluación antes y después de las prácticas de disección. No se encontraron diferencias en los síntomas de estrés valorados, entre los estudiantes que se consideran religiosos y los que no, ni tampoco entre los estudiantes que tenían o no un familiar en el entorno sanitario. Sin embargo, en el GE, en los estudiantes que tenían una amplia experiencia con pacientes con enfermedades terminales o con la muerte se observaron menos sín- tomas de estrés. Inesperadamente, el número de síntomas de estrés recogidos después de la práctica de disección fue mayor en los estudiantes del GE. En conclusión, los niveles de estrés de los es- tudiantes españoles de medicina de primer año no solo no mejora- ron después de recibir las clases preparatorias sobre la muerte y el moribundo y establecer grupos de discusión, sino que empeoraron. Encontramos una relación entre la medición del estrés en los estudiantes y la experiencia con pacientes con enfermedades ter- minales o con la muerte. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para identificar la preparación más adecuada para los estudiantes de medicina españoles.Unidad Docente de Anatomía y EmbriologíaFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEUniversidad Complutense de Madridpu

Musical Learning

Music plays a vital role in culture of human societies. The harmonic flow of sounds directly influences different areas involved in cognitive process and emotions. Our enthusiastic group organized and offered a dinamic workshop for children between 9 and 10 in order to introduce them to the fascinating world of Neurosciences. Our talk began explaining the basic anatomy of nervous system and sensory systems, such as the ear. We exposed the links between sound stimuli and how our brain is able to interpret and respond to them. We visited 5th grade students in different schools in the city of Mendoza, Argentina. Children got acquainted with basic concepts of the nervous system, neurons and hearing system. They learned how music helps to evoke memories and affects our mood. Finally, they were able to manipulate different animal brains and to observed neurons with a microscope. Our approach was based on teaching through games, thus improving the communication between speakers and students and, facilitating the consolidation of novel knowledge. This experience with children has been really enriching for our professional careers.Fil: Asensio, Joana Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Barauna, Andrea Anabella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Chrabalowsky, Martín. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Croce, Cristina Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Farías Altamirano, Luz Estefanía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Freites, Carlos Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: López, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Mata Martínez, Esperanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Páez, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Vásquez, Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaXXXIV Anual Meeting of Argentine Society for Research in NeurosciencesCórdobaArgentinaSociedad Argentina de Investigacion en Neurociencia

Optimism and Social Support as Contributing Factors to Spirituality in Cancer Patients

Background/objective: The impact a cancer diagnosis and its treatment are affected by psychosocial factors and how these factors interrelate among themselves. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between optimism and social support in spiritual wellbeing in cancer patients initiating chemotherapy. Methods: A cross-sectional, multi-center (15 sites), prospective study was conducted with 912 cancer patients who had undergone curative surgery for a stage I-III cancer and were to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. They completed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness-Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: Significant differences on spirituality scales (meaning/peace and faith) were detected depending on age (≤ 65 vs > 65), sex, marital status, employment, and cancer treatment. Married or partnered participants had significantly higher meaning/peace scores compared to their non-partnered counterparts (p = 0.001). Women, > 65 years, unemployed, and patients treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy had significantly higher faith scores versus men, ≤ 65 years, employed, and subjects only receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (all p < 0.030). Multivariate analyses indicated that meaning/peace and faith correlated positively with optimism and social support. Conclusion: During oncological treatment, the positive effects of optimism and social support exhibit a positive correlation with spiritual coping. A brief assessment evaluation of these factors can aid in identifying at risk for a worse adaptation to the disease

Breast cancer patient experiences through a journey map: A qualitative study.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in women. Prevention and treatments have lowered mortality; nevertheless, the impact of the diagnosis and treatment continue to impact all aspects of patients' lives (physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and spiritual). Objective: This study seeks to explore the experiences of the different stages women with breast cancer go through by means of a patient journey. Methods: This is a qualitative study in which 21 women with breast cancer or survivors were interviewed. Participants were recruited at 9 large hospitals in Spain and intentional sampling methods were applied. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview that was elaborated with the help of medical oncologists, nurses, and psycho-oncologists. Data were processed by adopting a thematic analysis approach. Results: The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer entails a radical change in patients' day-today that linger in the mid-term. Seven stages have been defined that correspond to the different medical processes: diagnosis/unmasking stage, surgery/cleaning out, chemotherapy/loss of identity, radiotherapy/transition to normality, follow-up care/the 'new' day-today, relapse/starting over, and metastatic/time-limited chronic breast cancer. The most relevant aspects of each are highlighted, as are the various cross-sectional aspects that manifest throughout the entire patient journey. Conclusions: Comprehending patients' experiences in depth facilitates the detection of situations of risk and helps to identify key moments when more precise information should be offered. Similarly, preparing the women for the process they must confront and for the sequelae of medical treatments would contribute to decreasing their uncertainty and concern, and to improving their quality-of-life

Ascertaining breast cancer patient experiences through a journey map: A qualitative study protocol

This study seeks to describe breast cancer patients' experience over the course of the various stages of illness by means of a journey model. This is a qualitative descriptive study. Individual, semi-structured interviews will be administered to women with breast cancer and breast cancer survivors. Patients will be recruited from nine large hospitals in Spain and intentional sampling will be used. Data will be collected by means of a semi-structured interview that was elaborated with the help of medical oncologists, nurses, and psycho-oncologists. Data will be processed adopting a thematic analysis approach. The outcomes of this study will afford new insights into breast cancer patients' experiences,providing guidance to improve the care given to these individuals. This protocol aims to describe the journey of patients with breast cancer through the healthcare system to establish baseline data that will serve as the basis for the development and implementation of a patient-centered, evidence-based clinical pathway

Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) in cancer patients: psychometric properties and measurement invariance

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, convergent validity, and factorial invariance of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) in cancer patients. Method: Confi rmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to explore the scale's dimensionality and test for strong measurement invariance across sex and age in a cross-sectional, multicenter, prospective study. Patients completed the MSPSS and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Results: A total of 925 consecutive patients were recruited in 13 hospitals between July 2015 and December 2018. The CFA indicated that the original three factor model was replicated in patients with cancer. The results of the multi-group CFA revealed a strong invariance according to sex and age. The Spanish version of the MSPSS had high estimated reliability with values exceeding .90. The simple sum of the items of each scale was a good indicator of oncology patients' perceived social support. The three MSPSS subscales correlated signifi cantly with the SWLS. Women scored higher on social support by friends than men. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the MSPSS proved to be a valid, reliable instrument to assess perceived social support in cancer patients