島嶼集落における地域支え合い活動の現状と課題 : 地域支え合い活動の代表者への聞き取り調査をもとに

The purpose of this study is to research the mutual help activities of the island village as welfare resources. This village as a function group, different from traditional local communities, is developing new activities. The features of the activities are as follows: map making helps to form many activity organizations; the village residents who don\u27t participate in the organizations use the base of the organization; as by-products, alternate functions of inactive women\u27s associations and clubs of the aged are found in some groups. As for the government support, they set the scene for introducing the group activities.The mutual help activities in the community caused awareness-raising among the residents and also made them recognize the value of self-help and mutual help. As a result, I confirmed the measures not only to solve welfare problems immediately and directly but to look for a desirable situation for the residents of the community

社会福祉士養成における相談援助実習に関する一考察 : 福祉事務所における実習教育の現状と課題

本稿は、社会福祉サービスにおける地域の中核的行政機関として位置づけられている福祉事務所の動向をふまえ、福祉事務所における実習体制およびプログラム等から実習教育の現状を整理し、今後の課題を展望することを目的とした。その結果、福祉事務所における社会福祉実践体制の変化による受入れ先の縮小化、実習指導者の確保の困難さ、実習の受け入れ体制の不統一性等の課題が確認できた。課題を解決するには、福祉事務所に対し、実習の協力を義務づけるような政策的な姿勢が必要である。と同時に福祉事務所側に実習生を受入れることの意義を理解してもらうことが不可欠である。In this study, in light of the trend of the welfare office which is regarded as a core administrative agency in an area of the social welfare service, I arranged the current state of the training education, overviewing training systems in the welfare office and programs, etc. And I showed a view of issues in the future.As a result, I found some problems like the reduction in acceptable facilities for trainees because of a change of the social welfare practice system in the welfare office, the difficulty of securing the training leaders, and an inconsistency of the system to accept trainees.In order to solve the problems, a policy to oblige the welfare office to cooperate in practical training is necessary. At the same time, it is indispensable for the welfare office to understand the significance of accepting the trainees

Public communication by research institutes compared across countries and sciences: building capacity for engagement or competing for visibility?

Leading academic institutions, governments, and funders of research across the world have spent the last few decades fretting publicly about the need for scientists and research organisations to engage more widely with the public and be open about their research. While a global literature asserts that public communication has changed from a virtue to a duty for scientists in many countries and disciplines, our knowledge about what research institutions are doing and what factors drive their 'going public' is very limited. Here we present the first cross-national study of N = 2,030 research institutes within universities and large scientific organisations in Brazil, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. We find that institutes embrace communication with non-peers and do so through a variety of public events and traditional news media-less so through new media channels-and we find variation across countries and sciences, yet these are less evident than we expected. Country and disciplinary cultures contribute to the level of this communication, as do the resources that institutes make available for the effort; institutes with professionalised staff show higher activity online. Future research should examine whether a real change in the organisational culture is happening or whether this activity and resource allocation is merely a means to increase institutional visibility

COVID-19流行下におけるソーシャルワーク実習の模索 ② : 学内代替実習に対する一定の評価

本研究は2020年度における鹿児島国際大学福祉社会学部のソーシャルワーク実習（社会福祉士養成課程）を素材に、COVID-19流行下における①学内代替実習の具体的プログラム内容、②学内代替実習の運営、③実習の5者関係から見た学内代替実習に対する一定の評価、について精査した。学内代替実習プログラムは当事者不在になりがちであったが、「ソーシャルワーク視点･地域アセスメントの可視化」を試みた実習指導者によって実習生とイメージの共有化を図ることができていた。ただし、実習を取り巻く5者関係から再検証すると、実習生が体験すべき「リアリテイ」については不足し、実習生自身の課題が何なのか向き合う機会（成長の機会）の確保が課題であった。また、学内代替実習の運営については様々な課題があったものの、担当するスタッフのチームワークや組織マネジメントによって対応することが可能であった。This research is based on the social work training of the Faculty of Welfare Sociology of The International university of Kagoshima in 2020. Under the COVID-19 epidemic, we scrutinized (1) Specific program contents of the alternative training in campus, (2) Management of the alternative training in campus, and (3) Certain evaluation of the alternative training in campus from the viewpoint of the five-party relationship of the training. Alternative training in campus programs tended to be absent from clients. However, the training instructor who tried "visualization of social work viewpoint / regional assessment" was able to share the image with the trainees. On the other hand, when reexamined from the five-party relationship surrounding the training, there was a lack of "reality" that the trainees should experience. The challenge was to secure an opportunity to notice what the trainee\u27s own problems were. In addition, although there were various issues regarding the operation of the alternative training in campus, it was possible to deal with it through the teamwork of the staff and organizational management

COVID-19流行下におけるソーシャルワーク実習の模索 ① : 学内代替実習の検討プロセスに着目して

本研究は2020年度における鹿児島国際大学福祉社会学部のソーシャルワーク実習（社会福祉士養成課程）を素材に、COVID-19流行下における①ソーシャルワーク実習を学内代替実習へと切り替えるプロセス、②学内代替実習プログラムの検討プロセスについて精査を行った。限られた時間の中で学内代替実習の形をどのように模索し、現実的判断を行うことができたのかについて時系列に出来事や資料を整理することで振り返りを行った。また、学内代替実習のプログラミングを可能にした諸条件として、①本学社会福祉学科及びソーシャルワーカー養成教育の歴史の重なりによる多様な人材、②既存のネットワーク（専門職団体・教員の保有するネットワーク）との有機的連携、③実習プログラミングをサポートする既存の体制の3点が整理された。This research is based on the social work training of the Faculty of Welfare Sociology of The International university of Kagoshima in 2020. Under the COVID-19 epidemic, we scrutinized (1) Process of switching social work training to alternative training in campus, and (2) Process of examining alternative training programs in campus. We looked back on how we were able to explore the form of alternative training in campus and make realistic judgments in a limited amount of time by arranging events and materials in chronological order. In addition, as conditions that enabled programming of alternative training in campus, (1) Diverse human resources due to the overlap of the history of the Department of Social Welfare and social worker training education of the university, and (2) Organic cooperation with existing networks (Network owned by professional organizations and faculty members), (3) Existing system to support field training programming, was organized

島嶼集落高齢者の生きがい感に及ぼす社会関連性の影響

本研究の目的は島嶼集落に居住する高齢者の生きがい感に及ぼす社会関連性の影響を検討することである。鹿児島県の離島にある小規模自治体の高齢者に配票調査を実施し、455人の回答を分析した。生きがい感は「ふつう」レベルであり、年齢が低い方が生きがい感が高い傾向にあった。社会関連性指標の因子分析の結果、安梅（2000）と同じ5因子が見いだされた。社会関連性指標の全体の得点に性差や年齢差は見られなかった。女性の方が男性よりも得点が高いのは｢他者とのかかわり」「生活の安心感」「生活の主体性」であった。前期高齢者の方が後期高齢者よりも得点が高いのは「社会への関心」「身近な社会参加」であり、後期高齢者の方が前期高齢者よりも得点が高いのは「生活の主体性」であった。重回帰分析の結果、男女で共通して生きがい感に影響を及ぼしていた因子は「生活の安心感」「社会への関心」「生活の主体性」であった。性と年齢ともに共通して生きがい感に影響を及ぼしていた因子は「生活の主体性」であった。The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the indices of social interaction on the feeling that life is worth living. The questionnaire was personally delivered to the elderly who live in villages of an island in Kagoshima prefecture and picked up by commissioned welfare volunteers. The number of people who responded to the question items was 455. The level of the feeling that life is worth living was moderate, and its average score of the elderly aged 75 or over was lower than those of the young-old. Factor analysis of the social interaction measures resulted in five factors as Anme (2000) found. There was no difference related to gender or age in the total score of social interaction. Females\u27 scores of "Interaction", "Feeling of safety", and "Independence" were higher than those of males. The young-old\u27s scores of "Social curiosity" and "Participation in the society" were higher than those of the elderly aged 75 or over. The old-old\u27s score of "Independence" was higher than that of the young-old. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that for both of men and women, "Feeling of safety", "Social curiosity" and "Independence" were found respectively to affect the degrees of the feeling that life is worth living. For the respondents of both gender and age, "Independence" was relevant to the degrees of feeling that life is worth living

島嶼集落における社会的かかわり状況と見守り、防災、医療体制について : 奄美市住用町における中高年者調査から

本研究の目的は奄美市住用町における中高年者の社会的かかわり状況と、見守り体制、災害への備え、医療体制などの現状と課題をアンケート調査により把握し、地域課題の改善に役立てることである。郵送調査により、５５歳以上74歳以下の476人を調査対象とし、175人から回答を得た（回収率36.8％)。回答者は夫婦世帯が多く、世帯収入は年金が多かった。地域の交流は少し減ってきていたが、地域への愛着は高かった。家族との交流、近所づき合い、相談相手、役割などは女性の方が男性よりも良好であった。見守りは自然な形でなされていたが、見守り体制作りへの要求もあった。集落の防災組織はうまく機能しているが、避難所の確保や水害対策などに課題を残していた。医療体制については診療所への肯定的評価がある一方、緊急医療や専門医療への要望が強かった。地域の課題では買い物が不便とか自然災害に弱いなど社会的・自然的課題があった。The purpose of the study was to assess the present state of the social interaction, the supporting system, the disaster prevention measures, and the medical system in Sumiyo Town of Amami City. A questionnaire was personally mailed to 476 residents of 55 to 74-year-old and later returned. The number of people who responded to the questionnaire was 175 and the rate of collection was 36.8%.The respondents to this survey were mostly couple households and their income was mainly a pension. Neighborhood interaction decreased a little. An attachment to the local community was strong. Social interaction of women (e.g. contact with family member, relations with neighbors, having counsel, and having active role) was stronger than men. Although there were spontaneous watch over activities in a natural way, the respondents hoped to have a supporting system for them. The voluntary organizations for disaster prevention were well functioned, but there were issues of making a safe shelter and establishing flood-control measures. With respect to the medical system, there was a satisfaction with the community clinic, but on the other hand, there remained demands for an emergency medical system and a specialized medical service. There were also social and natural problems that the shopping was inconvenient, the town was prone to natural disasters, and so on

島嶼集落における社会的かかわり状況と見守り、防災、医療体制について : 奄美大島大和村における中高年者調査から

本研究の目的は奄美大島大和村における中高年者の社会的かかわり状況、見守り体制、災害への備え、医療体制などの現状と課題をアンケート調査により把握し、地域課題の改善に役立てることである。民生委員の協力を得た留置き調査により、40歳以上の1,240人を調査対象とし、928人から回答を得た（回収率74.8%）。近隣の交流は少し減ってきていた。社会とのかかわりでは女性の方が男性よりも高く、年齢が高くなるにつれ低くなる傾向にあった。自然な形での見守りがなされていたが、高齢になると見守り体制への要求もあった。集落の防災組織がうまく機能しているが、災害弱者や避難などへの対処に課題を残していた。医療体制については診療所への満足がある一方、緊急医療や専門医療への要望が強かった。地域の課題では買い物が不便とかハブの存在など社会的・自然的課題があった。The purpose of the study was to assess the present state of the social interaction, the supporting system, the disaster prevention measures, and the medical system in Yamato Village of Amami Oshima island. A questionnaire was personally delivered to 1240 residents of 40-year-old and above and later picked up by commissioned welfare volunteers. The number of people who responded to the questionnaire was 928 and the rate of collection was 74.8%.Neighborhood interaction decreased a little. Social interaction of women was higher than men. Social interaction of the elderly was lower than the younger. Although there were spontaneous watch activities in a natural way, the elderly hoped to have the local supporting system for them. The voluntary organizations for disaster prevention were well functioned, but there remained challenges of the measures for the vulnerable people and the emergency evacuation. With respect to the medical system, there was satisfaction with the community clinic, but on the other hand, there remained wishes regarding emergency medical system and specialized medical service. There were also social and natural problems that the shopping was inconvenient, and that the poisonous snake harmed people, and so on

奄美大島と八重山諸島における集落等の現状と課題 : 集落・町内会・自治会代表者へのアンケート調査から

本研究の目的は、琉球弧の島喚集落の現状と課題を明らかにすることであった。奄美大島と八重山諸島の集落・町内会・自治会の代表者を調査対象にした郵送調査を実施し、177人から回答を得た(回収率61.9%)。調査内容は、集落の団体、集落の行事、集落維持の見通し、郷友会、支え合い活動、災害対策の現状、集落の課題、回答者の個人属性等であった。結果、台風被害、伝統的行事の種類、郷友会の現状、支え合い活動については奄美大島と八重山諸島で共通性が見られた。一方、八重山諸島のように観光産業が盛んでない奄美大島では人口減少が大きいため課題を抱えた集落が多かった。また、伝統的行事の存続や集落の維持の見通しについても奄美大島の方がより深刻であった。The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual conditions and problems of the village communities in the islands of the Ryukyu arc. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 286 chiefs of the village communities and the neighborhood associations in Amami Oshima and the Yaeyama islands. The number of respondents was 177, and the response rate was 61.9%. The contents of the questions were concerning the associations in the village community, the present situations and the prospects for the maintenance of the traditional events, "Goyukai" (immigrant\u27s voluntary association), the situations of the reciprocal help activities, the disaster-related measures, the problems of the community, and the personal attributes of the respondents. Amami Oshima and the Yaeyama islands had many common features as to typhoon damage, traditional events, the present state of "Goyukai", and mutual support activities. On the other hand, since Amami Oshima was less active in the tourism industry than the Yaeyama islands, many village communities in Amami Oshima had some problems due to a decrease in population. They were also pessimistic about prospects for the maintenance of the traditional events and the community itself

奄美諸島と八重山諸島における高齢者の生活と福祉ニーズ : 将来の生活の不安と生きがい感、食生活、保健医療・福祉サービス、地域の問題(2)

本研究の目的は、琉球弧の北に位世する鹿児島県の奄美諸励と南に位置する沖縄県の八重山諸島における島嘆地域の高齢者の生活の現状と福祉ニーズを把握することである。調査対象地は、奄美諸島の中心である奄美市(島嶼都市部)および瀬戸内町の加計呂麻島、請島、与路島(島嶼集落部)、八重山諸島の中心である石垣市(島嶼都市部)、竹富町西表島西部および鳩間島(島嶼集落部)であった。鹿児島県の場合、特に島嘆集落は過疎高齢化が進行し、集落機能の低下を余儀なくされている。沖細県の場合、鹿児島県ほどの過疎高齢化は進んでいない状況であるが、島嶼地域のもつ生活上の課題を共有している。いずれも、相互扶助の伝統等の地域文化あるいはその精神が残っているという共通点を持つ地域である。本稿では、前稿に引き続き、日常生活の不安と生きがい感､食生活､保健医療･福祉サービス、暮らし向きと地域の問題等についての分析結果とそのまとめを示す。将来の生活不安は島喚集落部の方が島嶼都市部よりも不安を感じる人が多かった。一方、生きがい感は、島嶼都市部の方が高かった。食生活では、栄養面のバランスを欠きやすい環境下にあった。保健医療では、島嶼集落部は医療サービスの地域格差への不満や問題が見られると同時に、健康に対するセルフケア意識の高さが伺えた。福祉サービスでは、島嶼集落部では天候や交通手段によるサービスの中止や困難性などが生じていた。暮らし向きと地域の問題では地域差はなく、共通して台風､交際費､老後の生活の不安があげられ、特に瀬戸内町で地域の問題を感じている人が多かった。The purpose of the study was to investigate the life styles and the social welfare needs of the　elderly who live on the Amami Islands and the Yaeyama Islands through a questionnaire survey. The regions surveyed were the urban area of the Amami Ohshima (Amami City) and the rural area of the Kakeroma Islands (Setouchi Town) in Kagoshima prefecture, and the urban area of Ishigaki Island (Ishigaki City) and the rural area of Iriomote Island and Hatoma Island (Taketomi Town) in Okinawa Prefecture. The people who dwell on these remote islands are usually under unfavorable conditions geographically and economically and the communities there are under functional decline due to depopulation and aging. On the other hand, these islands keep the spirit of mutual helping and the traditional cultures. In this paper we report analyses of the anxiety about future life, the feeling that life is worth living, the eating habits, the evaluation of health-care services and welfare services, the family finances, and other regional issues. The anxiety about future life was higher in the rural areas of the islands than in the urban areas. On the other hand, the feeling that life is worth living was higher in the urban areas of the islands than in the rural areas. Respondents were prone to eat poor-balanced meals. In the rural areas of the islands, while they expressed their dissatisfaction with regional gaps of health-care services, they showed high awareness of self-care about their own health. In the rural areas of the islands, welfare services at home were sometimes cancelled by bad weather or transportation trouble by sea. There was no difference in the family finances and regional issues between areas. Regional issues shared by all islands were the vulnerability to typhoons, high social expenses, and the anxiety about life in the future, and especially the elderly in the Setouchi Town listed more regional issues than those in other areas.area of the Kakeroma Islands (Setouchi Town) in Kagoshima prefecture, and the urban area of Ishigaki Island (Ishigaki City) and the rural area of Iriomote Island and Hatoma Island (Taketomi Town) in Okinawa Prefecture. The people who dwell on these remote islands are usually under unfavorable conditions geographically and economically and the communities there are underfunctional decline due to depopulation and aging. On the other hand, these islands keep the spirit of mutual helping and the traditional cultures.In this paper we report analyses of the anxiety about future life, the feeling that life is worth living, the eating habits, the evaluation of health-care services and welfare services, the family finances, and other regional issues. The anxiety about future life was higher in the rural areas ofthe islands than in the urban areas. On the other hand, the feeling that life is worth living was higher in the urban areas of the islands than in the rural areas. Respondents were prone to eat poor-balanced meals. In the rural areas of the islands, while they expressed their dissatisfaction with regional gaps of health-care services, they showed high awareness of self-care about their own health. In the rural areas of the islands, welfare services at home were sometimes cancelled by bad weather or transportation trouble by sea. There was no difference in the family finances and regional issues between areas. Regional issues shared by all islands were the vulnerability to typhoons, high social expenses, and the anxiety about life in the future, and especially the elderly in the Setouchi Town listed more regional issues than those in other areas