Comparison of Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose Level Among Elderly with Non-communicable Disease

Due to increasing age, elderly are prone to non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Easy physical condition monitoring of people with HT and/or DM is by measuring their blood pressure (BP) and/or blood glucose level (BGL) periodically. This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences of BP and BGL among elderly with HT and/or DM in Bangkok and Surabaya. This cross-sectional study involved 100 and 96 elderly with HT and/or DM in communities of Bangkok and Surabaya respectively (n=196). There were three groups of samples which consisted of 60 DM, 68 HT, and 68 DM&HT cases. Instruments used were demography questionnaire, sphygmomanometer, and glucometer. Test of one-way ANOVA, Least Significant Difference (LSD), Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U were used for data analysis (α<.05). There was a significant difference of systolic and diastolic BP found between groups (p=.000 and p=.011 respectively), but no difference found between the groups of HT and DM&HT (p=.657 and p=.330 respectively). There was a significant difference of BGL found between groups (p=.002), but no difference found between the groups of HT and DM (p=.075) and between the groups of DM and DM&HT (p=.066). BP is significantly different between the group of HT and DM in term of systole and diastole, especially in elderly, but BGL is similar. The risk of being HT for elderly with DM is very high. Elderly with DM&HT have high BP and BGL similarly to those with single disease of HT or DM

Knowledge, Perceived Self-care Ability, and Health Behavior in New Normal Era among Adults in Congested Communities of Surabaya, Indonesia: Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic Situation

Health behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic situation needs to be measured in the general population to evaluate the implementation of health guidelines in the new normal era, especially WHO recommendations. Knowledge, attitude, and action are domains of health behavior translated into COVID-19 knowledge, perceived self-care ability, and new normal health behavior in this study. We aimed to describe the knowledge of COVID-19 and the perceived self-care ability and analyze the differences in new normal health behavior before and after the COVID-19 pandemic situation among adults living in congested communities of Surabaya, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study involved 384 respondents living in five congested communities of Surabaya, Indonesia, which enrolled utilizing random cluster sampling. Self-developed valid and reliable questionnaires measured research variables. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used in data analysis. Ethical clearance was issued. Results showed that most respondents had very good knowledge of COVID-19 (63%) and a high level of perceived self-care ability (74%). Before and after the pandemic, most respondents reported sufficient new normal health behavior (before: 74.7%; after: 83.9%). There was a significant difference in new normal health behavior before and after the COVID-19 pandemic among adults living in congested communities of Surabaya, Indonesia (p=0.000). New normal health behavior was nonoptimal in implementation. Therefore, efforts to improve new normal health behavior need to be made by various parties, not only the individuals but also health care professionals and the government as policymakers.Keywords: COVID-19, health behavior, knowledge, pandemic,                              self-car

Comparison of Attitudes Towards Meditation Healing Exercise between the Elderly Living with Chronic Illness in Bangkok and Surabaya

Introduction: Meditation healing exercise (MHE) using the SKT technique is popular in Bangkok, Thailand, while in Surabaya, Indonesia, it is relatively new and unpopular. The attitude towards MHE depends on various internal and external factors. This study aimed to compare the attitude towards MHE between the elderly who are living with hypertension (HT) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) in Bangkok and Surabaya. Methods: This was a comparative study involving 96 and 100 elderly individuals with HT and/or DM in the communities of Surabaya and Bangkok respectively. The sample was chosen according to the aforementioned criteria. The sample size was 196. The instrument used was a valid and reliable questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, the Levene test, and an independent sample T test were used for the data analysis. Results: The majority showed a positive attitude towards MHE; the higher Mean and lower SD was found in Bangkok (19.43 and 2.41). Out of the total, 87.5% and 96.0% elderly had good attitude towards MHE in Surabaya and Bangkok respectively. There was a significant attitude difference in relation to the aspect of preferring to practice MHE between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=0.004). Overall, there was no significant attitude difference between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=0.17). Conclusion: The elderly attitude towards MHE was mostly positive and good. The elderly in Bangkok prefer to practice MHE more than in Surabaya. There was no significant attitude difference in the elderly who are living with HT and/or DM between Bangkok and Surabaya. The implementation of MHE using the SKT technique has a high possibility of being accepted personally by the elderly in both sites

Pengaruh Meditation Healing Exercise terhadap Tingkat Stres dan Kualitas Hidup Lansia Penderita Penyakit Kronis: Hipertensi dan Diabetes Mellitus (The Effect of Meditation Healing Exercise (MHE) on Stress Level and Quality of Life in Elderly who are Live with Chronic Illness In Bangkok and Surabaya)

Elderly with chronic illness like hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) was prone to stress that potentially decrease quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences of stress level and QOL before and after practicing MHE, and analyze the effect of MHE on stress level and QOL in hypertensive and/or diabetic elderly between Bangkok and Surabaya. This pre-experimental study involved 96 and 100 elderly with HT and/or DM in communities of Bangkok and Surabaya respectively (n=196). 60 DM, 68 HT, and 68 DM&HT cases were compiled from both sites. Instrument used were SPST-20 (IOC=.78; Cronbach's Alpha=.94) and WHOQOL-BREF (IOC=.83; Cronbach's Alpha=.84). Descriptive statistic, independent sample T test, Mann-Whitney U test, paired T test, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were used for data analysis (α=.05). During pretest, there were 6% and 0% mild stress, 64% and 29.17% moderate stress, 24% and 67.71% high stress, 6% and 3.13% severe stress were found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. Stress level was differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=.000). During post-test, there were 9% and 20.83% mild stress, 85% and 60.42% moderate stress, 9% and 16.67% high stress, 0% and 2.08% severe stress found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. Stress level was not differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=491). MHE was effective for decreasing stress level in Bangkok and Surabaya (@ p=.000). During pretest, there were 25% and 0% low QOL, 52% and 91.67% moderate QOL, 23% and 8.33% good QOL were found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. QOL was differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=.000). During post-test, there were no low QOL found in both sites. There were 44% and 93.75% moderate QOL, 56% and 6.25% good QOL found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. QOL was also differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=.000). MHE was effective for improving QOL in Bangkok (@ p=.000), but insignificant result was found in Surabaya (p=.977). Stress level and QOL was frequently different significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya. Coping mechanism and life standard tends to be better and higher in Bangkok

Comparison of Stress Level and Quality of Life in Elderly Who are Living with Chronic Illness in Bangkok and Surabaya

Elderly with chronic illness, such as hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM), was prone to stress that potentially decrease quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences of stress level and QOL in hypertensive and/or diabetic elderly between Bangkok and Surabaya. This cross-sectional study involved 100 and 96 elderly with HT and/or DM in communities of Bangkok and Surabaya respectively (n=196). There were 60 DM, 68 HT, and 68 DM&HT cases compiled from both sites. Instrument used were SPST-20 and WHOQOL-BREF. Independent sample T test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test were used for data analysis (α=.05). There were 6% and 0% mild stress, 64% and 29.17% moderate stress, 24% and 67.71% high stress, 6% and 3.13% severe stress were found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. Stress level was differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=.000). Coping strategy tends to be more adaptive in Bangkok. There were 25% and 0% poor QOL, 52% and 91.67% moderate QOL, 23% and 8.33% good QOL were found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. QOL was also differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=.000). Elderly in Surabaya had higher stress level, but elderly in Bangkok had lower QOL

Pengaruh Meditation Healing Exercise terhadap Tingkat Stres dan Kualitas Hidup Lansia Penderita Penyakit Kronis: Hipertensi dan Diabetes Mellitus (The Effect of Meditation Healing Exercise (MHE) on Stress Level and Quality of Life in Elderly who are Live with Chronic Illness In Bangkok and Surabaya)

Elderly with chronic illness like hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) was prone to stress that potentially decrease quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences of stress level and QOL before and after practicing MHE, and analyze the effect of MHE on stress level and QOL in hypertensive and/or diabetic elderly between Bangkok and Surabaya. This pre-experimental study involved 96 and 100 elderly with HT and/or DM in communities of Bangkok and Surabaya respectively (n=196). 60 DM, 68 HT, and 68 DM&HT cases were compiled from both sites. Instrument used were SPST-20 (IOC=.78; Cronbach's Alpha=.94) and WHOQOL-BREF (IOC=.83; Cronbach's Alpha=.84). Descriptive statistic, independent sample T test, Mann-Whitney U test, paired T test, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were used for data analysis (α=.05). During pretest, there were 6% and 0% mild stress, 64% and 29.17% moderate stress, 24% and 67.71% high stress, 6% and 3.13% severe stress were found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. Stress level was differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=.000). During post-test, there were 9% and 20.83% mild stress, 85% and 60.42% moderate stress, 9% and 16.67% high stress, 0% and 2.08% severe stress found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. Stress level was not differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=491). MHE was effective for decreasing stress level in Bangkok and Surabaya (@ p=.000). During pretest, there were 25% and 0% low QOL, 52% and 91.67% moderate QOL, 23% and 8.33% good QOL were found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. QOL was differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=.000). During post-test, there were no low QOL found in both sites. There were 44% and 93.75% moderate QOL, 56% and 6.25% good QOL found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. QOL was also differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=.000). MHE was effective for improving QOL in Bangkok (@ p=.000), but insignificant result was found in Surabaya (p=.977). Stress level and QOL was frequently different significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya. Coping mechanism and life standard tends to be better and higher in Bangkok

Comparison of Stress Level and Quality of Life in Elderly Who are Living with Chronic Illness in Bangkok and Surabaya

Elderly with chronic illness, such as hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM), was prone to stress that potentially decrease quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences of stress level and QOL in hypertensive and/or diabetic elderly between Bangkok and Surabaya. This cross-sectional study involved 100 and 96 elderly with HT and/or DM in communities of Bangkok and Surabaya respectively (n=196). There were 60 DM, 68 HT, and 68 DM&HT cases compiled from both sites. Instrument used were SPST-20 and WHOQOL-BREF. Independent sample T test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test were used for data analysis (α=.05). There were 6% and 0% mild stress, 64% and 29.17% moderate stress, 24% and 67.71% high stress, 6% and 3.13% severe stress were found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. Stress level was differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=.000). Coping strategy tends to be more adaptive in Bangkok. There were 25% and 0% poor QOL, 52% and 91.67% moderate QOL, 23% and 8.33% good QOL were found in Bangkok and Surabaya respectively. QOL was also differ significantly between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=.000). Elderly in Surabaya had higher stress level, but elderly in Bangkok had lower QOL

Comparison of blood pressure and blood glucose level among elderly with non-communicable disease

Due to increasing age, elderly are prone to non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose level (BGL) are vital to be monitored. This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences of BP and BGL among elderly with HT and/or DM. This cross-sectional study involved 100 and 96 elderly with HT and/or DM in communities of Bangkok and Surabaya respectively (n=196). Instruments used were demography questionnaire, sphygmomanometer, and glucometer. Test of one-way ANOVA, LSD, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U were used for data analysis (α<.05). There was a significant difference of systolic and diastolic BP found between groups (p=.000 and p=.011 respectively), but no difference found between the groups of HT and DM&HT (p=.657 and p=.330 respectively). There was a significant difference of BGL found between groups (p=.002), but no difference found between the groups of HT and DM (p=.075), and between the groups of DM and DM&HT (p=.066). BP is significantly different between groups of HT and DM, but BGL is similar. Risk of HT is very high in elderly with DM. Elderly with DM&HT has high BP and BGL similarly to those with single disease of HT or DM

The Effects of Meditation-Healing Exercise in Elderly Who are Living with Non-Communicable Disease in Bangkok and Surabaya

The effects of meditation-healing exercise among elderly who lives with non-communicable disease. The purposes of the study were to determine the effects of meditation-healing exercise on non-communicable disease, blood glucose, blood pressure level, quality of life, psychological support, and attitude of elderly. The study utilized a one group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design among 196 elderly in selected communities in Bangkok, Thailand and Surabaya, Indonesia. Descriptive analysis and repeated measure ANOVA were utilized for data analysis of the study. In Bangkok, the effects of meditation-healing exercise on stress found that the elderly had moderate stress level (at 36.9 and decrease to 31.75), the blood pressure and blood sugar level were significantly different effect in the each measurement of every month. In Surabaya, the elderly reported a change from high to moderate mean scores (at 47.31 and decrease to 33.86) in the stress level. The result of the blood pressure showed significant effect, but the blood sugar level was not significant. Both Bangkok and Surabaya reported to have a moderate quality of life (QOL) level. In general, meditation-healing exercise affected the overall quality of life on psychological support, attitude and blood pressure level of the elderly in community. Thus, meditation-healing exercise is safe and effective method in health care