Evaluation of the facial nerve and internal auditory canal cross-sectional areas on three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition magnetic resonance imaging in Bell’s palsy

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the facial nerve (FN) and internal auditory canal (IAC) on three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D-FIESTA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to define possible structural differences in cases of Bell’s palsy (BP). Materials and methods: Fifty-six patients presenting with BP were included in this study. The measurements of the diameters and the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the FNs and IACs obtained on 3D-FIESTA MRI both on the affected and unaffected sides of all patients were compared. Results: A significant difference was found between affected and unaffected sides of the patients in terms of the mean CSA of the FN and IAC (P < 0.001). The CSAs of the FN were larger and the CSAs of the IAC were smaller on the affected sides than the equivalents on the unaffected sides of the patients, respectively. The difference in terms of the ratios of IAC CSA to FN CSA between affected and unaffected sides of the patients was also found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We have found that FN and IAC size differ on the affected sides of patients with BP. These anatomical differences may contribute to the risk for this disease

Corticosteroid hypersensitivity in allergic rhinitis

Corticosteroid hypersensitivity in allergic rhinitis. Background: intranasal corticosteroid (IC) is the most effective treatment method in allergic rhinitis patients who are unresponsive to antihistamines. The literature reports an approximate 20% treatment failure for instances where IC is used for the treatment allergic rhinitis. Hypersensitivity reaction to corticosteroids may be one of the causes of this treatment failure. Objective: to discover the incidence and confounding factors of corticosteroid hypersensitivity in patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods: after 31 patients were excluded, 150 consecutive patients who were prospectively evaluated in our outpatient clinics with the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and 50 age- and sex- matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. To diagnose allergic rhinitis, the symptoms of patients and a skin prick test were used. A skin patch test was used to determine corticosteroid hypersensitivity. Total IgE values and total eosinophil count were obtained for all patients. Total symptom scores were calculated for the severity of symptoms and to determine the response to therapy using intranasal corticosteroids. Results: the incidence of corticosteroid hypersensitivity determined via the skin patch test was 14.0% (21 out of 150 patients). A difference was observed for patch test positivity results between the study and control groups (14% vs. 0%, respectively). Serum IgE levels and total eosinophil count were higher among patients who had corticosteroid hypersensitivity (p:0.005 and p:0.004, respectively). Patients unresponsive to intranasal corticosteroids had a higher incidence of corticosteroid hypersensitivity (71.4% vs. 4.4%, p<0.001). Conclusion: our study is the largest to date investigating CH in patients with allergic rhinitis and patients with allergic rhinitis have been found to have a high incidence (14%) of corticosteroid hypersensitivity, which may affect the response of patients to intranasal corticosteroid treatment

The effect of self-regulation education program prepared for pre-school children aged 60-72 months on the development of self-regulation skills of children

Çalışmanın amacı okul öncesi dönemde öz düzenleme eğitim programının 60-72 aylık çocukların öz düzenleme becerilerinin gelişimine etkisinin incelemektir. Araştırmada olarak öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya anaokuluna devam eden 60-72 aylık 46 çocuk (23 deney, 23 kontrol) katılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri 4-6 Yaş Çocuklarına Yönelik Öz-Düzenleme Becerileri Ölçeği (Öğretmen Formu) ile toplanmıştır. Deney grubundaki çocuklara yedi hafta boyunca haftada üç defa olmak üzere “Okul Öncesi Dönemde Öz Düzenleme Eğitim Programı” uygulanmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarının ön test puanlarının karşılaştırılması bağımsız örneklemler için t testi ile ön test -son test karşılaştırmaları ise ilişkili örneklemler için t testi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda deney ve kontrol grubunda bulunan çocukların öz düzenleme becerileri puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu ve gerçekleştirilen eğitim programının istendik ve etkili bir sonuç ortaya koyduğu saptanmıştır

New inflammatory parameters in laryngopharyngeal reflux

Objectives: To investigate new inflammatory markers in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux and determine whether these inflammatory parameters change in response to laryngopharyngeal reflux treatment. Methods: Complete blood count was evaluated to obtain platelet count and mean platelet volume and calculate neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Laryngopharyngeal reflux patients underwent three-month lansoprazole treatment. Results: The study included 45 laryngopharyngeal reflux patients (9 men (20 per cent); mean age, 37.4 ± 11.6 years) and 35 healthy age- and sex-matched controls (7 men (20 per cent); mean age, 38.6 ± 8.9 years). The study group had significantly higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios and lower mean platelet volumes than the control group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.047, respectively). There was a significant correlation between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios and initial inflammatory symptoms (reflux symptom index, p = 0.025; reflux finding score, p = 0.013). There was also a significant correlation between mean platelet volume increase and symptom resolution in the first and third months of treatment (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, a new inflammatory marker of chronic inflammation, was significantly higher in laryngopharyngeal reflux patients. Moreover, these patients had significantly lower mean platelet volume values, which increased with post-treatment symptom improvement

Çocukluk Dönemi Yürütücü İşlevler Envanteri Türkçe Formunun 48-72 aylık çocuklar için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Çocukluk Dönemi Yürütücü İşlevler Envanteri-ÇDYİE (CHEXI; Thorell ve Nyberg, 2008) Türkçe öğretmen formunun 48-72 aylık çocuklar için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını gerçekleştirmektir. Çalışma grubu, İstanbul ilindeki 48 okuldan ve 180 sınıftan, 48-72 aylık toplam 754 çocuktan oluşmaktadır. ÇDYİE Türkçe formu özgün ölçekte olduğu gibi 24 maddeden oluşmuştur ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi 2 faktörlü (Çalışan Bellek ve Ketleme) orijinal yapıyı desteklemiştir (χ2(544) = 1113.891, CFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.06 [%90 CI 06, 07], SRMR=0.04). Faktör yük değerlerinin 0.47 ile 0.85 arasında değiştiği gözlenmiştir.   Cronbach Alpha katsayıları, Çalışan Bellek alt ölçeği için .95 ve Ketleme alt ölçeği için .91 olarak bulunmuştur. Test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı ise Çalışan Bellek için .89 ve Ketleyici Kontrol için .85 olarak bulunmuştur. Düzeltilmiş madde-toplam puan korelasyonları ise 0.46 ile 0.83 arasında değişmektedir. Sonuçlar, ÇDYİE Türkçe formunun 48-72 aylık çocukların yürütücü işlev becerilerini değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu ortaya konmuştur

A prognostic marker in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss serum calprotectin

Objectives. Calprotectin, a protein released by neutrophils, has been used in many studies as a biomarker showing the presence of inflammation. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between serum calprotectin level and response to the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL). Methods. The present study is a prospective, cross-sectional historical cohort study.The study group consisted of 44 patients with ISSHL, and the control group consisted of 41 healthy volunteers without ear pathology. At the same time, patients in the study group were divided into three groups according to the response to ISSHL treatment (recovered, partially recovered, unrecovered). The relationship between the groups was statistically evaluated in terms of serum calprotectin levels. Results. The mean serum calprotectin value was 75.67 +/- 19.48 ng/mL in the study group and 50.24 +/- 29.14 ng/mL in the control group (P=0.001). Serum calprotectin value according to the severity of hearing loss in the mild, moderate and severe was 66.20 +/- 8.82, 70.35 +/- 16.77, and 91.23 +/- 1.9.73 ng/mL, respectively. Serum calprotectin value in the severe group was significantly higher compared to the moderate and mild groups (P=0.004, P=0.001, respectively). Serum calprotectin value according to the treatment response in the recovered, partially recovered and unrecovered groups was 63.36 +/- 11.54, 80.17 +/- 12.06, and 85.33 +/- 22.33 ng/mL, respectively. Serum calprotectin value in the recovered group was significantly lower compared to the partially recovered and unrecovered groups (P=0.002, P= 0.001, respectively). Conclusion. Serum calprotectin value informs the clinician about both the severity of hearing loss and the response to treatment. Hence, serum calprotectin can be used as an important biomarker in ISSHL patients for the determination of the prognosis of disease

Geçici Hiperglisemi anında Sevofluran ve Desfluranın Eritrosit Deformabilitesi Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Aim: Micro and macrovascular complications due to long-term hyperglycemia are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Erythrocytes exposed to hyperglycemia for a long time may cause morphological changes in erythrocytes such as decreased deformability and development of aggregation. As a result, complications such as shortening life span of erythrocytes, impairment of oxygen carrying capacity, tissue hypoxia may occur. In our study, we would like to investigate the effects of Sevoflurane and Desflurane on erythrocyte deformability during transient hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 male Wistar albino rats were used. The animals were randomly divided into five groups, each contained 6 rats: Diabetic control (group DC), diabetic hyperglycemia group (group DH), diabetic hyperglycemia group with desflurane (group DH-D), and diabetic hyperglycemia group with sevoflurane (group DH-S) groups. Another 6 rats without diabetes were assigned as control group (group C). Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats were kept 6 weeks, then transient hyperglycemia was created, and the administration of sevoflurane and desflurane were performed. After 24 hours blood samples were obtained and deformability measurements were performed in erythrocyte suspensions containing Htc 5% in a PBS buffer. Results: Diabetes mellitus was found to increase relative resistance in the control group (p <0.0001). Acute hyperglycemia increased relative resistance in diabetes control, relatively. Group DH, Group DH-D and Group DH-S deformability index were significantly different when compared to Group DC (p=0.007, p=0.025, p=0.016, respectively). It was found that administration of desflurane or sevoflurane did not alter erythrocyte deformability during acute hyperglycemia (p = 0.591, p = 0.739). Conclusion: As a consequence, we think that we can safely use inhalation anesthetics such as Desflurane and Sevoflurane during acute hyperglycemia attacks. But, it needs further investigation as both experimental and clinicalAmaç: Uzun süreli hipergliseminin oluşturduğu mikro ve makrovasküler komplikasyonlar mortalite ve morbidite artışı ile birliktedir. Eritrositlerin ise yaşam süreleri boyunca uzun süre hiperglisemiye maruz kalmaları morfolojik olarak eritrositlerde deformabilitede azalma ve agregasyon gelişmesi gibi bir takım değişikliklere neden olmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda eritrositlerin yaşam sürelerinde kısalma, oksijen taşıma kapasitesinde bozukluk, doku hipoksisi gibi komplikasyonlar meydana gelmektedir. Sevofluran ve desfluranın ise eritrosit deformabilitesi üzerine etkileri ile ilgili çeşitli çalışmalar mevcuttur. Biz de bu çalışmamızda geçici olarak oluşturulan hiperglisemi sırasında sevofluran ve desfluranın eritrosit deformabilitesi üzerine etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışma Gazi Üniversitesi Deneysel ve Klinik Araştırma Merkezi'nde Gazi Üniversitesi Deney Hayvanları Etik Kurulu onayı ile yapıldı. Çalışmaya 30 rat dahil edildi. Ratlar; kontrol grubu, diyabetik-kontrol, diyabetik hiperglisemi, diyabetik–hiperglisemi-sevofluran, diyabetik-hiperglisemi- desfluran olmak üzere 5 gruba ayrıldı. Streptozosin ile diyabet oluşturulan ratlar 6 hafta yaşatıldıktan sonra geçici hipergilisemi oluşturuldu ve sevofluran ve desfluran anestezisi uygulandı. 24 saat sonra kan örnekleri alındı ve santrifüj edildi. Eritrosit deformabilitesi sabit akım filtrometre sistemleri kullanılarak ölçüldü. Rölatif rezistansının artması eritrosit deformabilitesinin azalması olarak yorumlandı. Bulgular: Diyabet oluşturulmasının kontrol grubuna göre rölatif rezistansı arttırdığı bulundu (p<0.0001). Akut hiperglisemi, diyabet kontrol grubuna göre rölatif rezistansı arttırdı. Grup DH, Grup DH-D ve Grup DH-S deformabilite indeksi Grup DK ile karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak farklı bulundu (p=0.007, p=0.025, p=0.016). Akut hiperglisemi sırasında Desfluran veya Sevofluran uygulanmasının ise eritrosit deformabilitesini değiştirmediği tespit edildi (p=0.591, p=0.739). Sonuç: Sevofluran ve Desfluran gibi inhalasyon ajanların akut hiperglisemi sırasında güvenle kullanılabileceğini düşünmekteyiz. Ancak bu bulguların daha detaylı ve geniş serilerde yapılacak klinik ve deneysel çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerekmektedir

Phlomis Pungens’in fitokimya ve in vitro farmakolojik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Phlomis pungens Willd. extract derived from the aerial parts. Material and Method: The phytochemical analysis was performed using GC-MS in order to identify the volatile components of the bioactive Hex extract. The wound healing activity of P. pungens extract was evaluated based on in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and, scratch activity was studied. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the extract was also evaluated. Result and Discussion: P. pungens methanol extract depicted a 5-LOX inhibitory activity at 78.2µg/mL (IC50), while the antioxidant activity by DPPH radical provided an IC50=2.41mg/mL, and the ABTS radical showed IC50=3.32mg/mL, respectively. The extract showed dose-dependently anti-inflammatory activity while L-NAME and P. pungens methanol extract significantly decreased LPS stimulated PGE2 production. According to the scratch assay results, all treatments led to an increase in cell migration rate with a dose-dependent effect. Our findings suggested that P. pungens methanol extract may have a role in wound healing according to the scratch test, and it is thought that its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity also contributed. Further evaluations are ongoing to confirm the in vitro activity under in vivo conditions.Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Phlomis pungens Willd. topraküstü kısımlarından elde edilen ekstrelerin in vitro yara iyileşmesi, antiinflamatuar, antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktivitesinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Biyoaktif hekzan ekstresinin uçucu bileşenlerini belirlemek için fitokimyasal analiz GC-MS kullanılarak yapılmıştır. P. pungens ekstresinin yara iyileştirme aktivitesi, in vitro antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antiinflamatuar etkinlikleri değerlendirilmiş ve ek olarak ekstrenin in vitro sitotoksisitesi de değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: P. pungens metanol ekstresi, 78,2 µg/mL'de (IC50) 5-LOX inhibe edici aktivite gösterirken, DPPH yöntemi ile antioksidan aktivitesi IC50=2.41mg/mL ve ABTS IC50=3.32 mg/mL olarak bulunmuştur. Ekstre, doza bağlı olarak anti-inflamatuar aktivite gösterirken, L-NAME ve P. pungens metanol ekstresi, LPS ile uyarılan PGE2 üretimini önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. Strach metodu sonuçlarına göre doza bağlı etki ile hücre göç hızında bir artış gözlemlenmiştir. Bulgularımız, starch testine göre P. pungens metanol ekstresinin yara iyileşmesinde rol oynayabileceğini ve antioksidan ve antiinflamatuar aktivitesinin de katkıda bulunduğu düşündürmüştür. İn vivo koşullar altında in vitro aktiviteyi doğrulamak için başka değerlendirmeler devam etmektedir

Radiation exposure in acute myeloid leukaemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma patients in the first year following diagnosis

Purpose: Radiological examinations are critical in the evaluation of patients with haematological malignancies for diagnosis and treatment. Any dose of radiation has been shown in studies to be harmful. In this regard, we assessed the radiation exposure of 3 types of haematological malignancies (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [DLBCL], acute myeloid leukaemia [AML], and multiple myeloma [MM]) in our centre during the first year after diagnosis. Material and methods: In the first year after diagnosis we retrospectively reviewed the radiation exposure data of 3 types of haematological malignancies (DLBCL, AML, and MM). The total and median CED value (cumulative effective radiation dose in millisieverts [mSv]) of each patient was used. Each patient's total and median estimated CED value was calculated using a web-based calculator and recorded in millisieverts (mSv). Results: The total radiation doses in one year after diagnosis (CED value) were 46.54 ± 37.12 (median dose: 36.2) in the AML group; 63.00 ± 42.05 (median dose: 66.4) in the DLBCL group; and 28.04 ± 19.81 (median dose: 26.0) in the MM group (p = 0.0001). There was a significant difference between DLBCL and MM groups. Conclusions: In all 3 haematological malignancies, the radiation exposure was significant, especially in the DBLCL group, within the first year of diagnosis. It is critical to seek methods to reduce these dosage levels. In diagnostic radiology, reference values must be established to increase awareness and self-control and reduce patient radiation exposure. This paper is also the first to offer thorough details on the subject at hand, and we think it can serve as a guide for further investigation