Characterizing spatial and temporal reef fisheries in Chinchorro Bank Biosphere Reserve, northern Mesoamerican Reef System

The main objective of this paper was to create a baseline for the spatial and temporal characterization of fisheries in the Chinchorro Bank Biosphere Reserve. Monthly records of one of three fishing cooperatives in the area were taken between August 2004 and June 2005. The individual length and weight of each fish species were recorded per boat. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was calculated as kilograms per fisherman per hour (kg-fisherman-1-hr-1). CPUE values for Epinephelus striatus, Mycteroperca bonaci, Lachnolaimus maximus and Sphyraena barracuda were highest in the Nortes (northerly-winds) season due to increased fishing effort and to the fact that they were apparently caught in spawning aggregation sites. Generally, fishing at Chinchorro Bank exerts low to moderate ecological impact because fishing gear restrictions and fisheries are closely linked to the extraction of spiny lobster, a resource with a higher aggregated-value in contrast to reef fisheries

First record of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata preying on colonies of the threatened staghorn coral Acropora Cervicornis in the southeastern outplanting sites of the Dominican Republic

Several fireworms Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766) were observed feeding on coral colonies or transplanted fragments of the threatened staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis (Lamarck, 1816), in outplanting sites at Bayahibe, Dominican Republic. The fireworm H. carunculata has a highly negative impact on A. cervicornis populations, causing several lesions on the living tissue of branches and partial or complete mortality at the outplanting sites. This is the first report of predation on transplanted colonies in a coral restoration program in the Dominican Republic

Asociaciones de peces de arrecifes en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe, Cuba: Influencia de la pesca y el hábitat

El mantenimiento de los servicios de los arrecifes de coral depende, en gran parte, de la conservación de la ictiofauna, y para desarrollar estrategias dirigidas a su conservación se requieren datos sobre su condición y amenazas. Este trabajo tuvo el objetivo de describir las asociaciones de peces de arrecifes en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe (PNCSF) y explorar la influencia de la pesca y el hábitat sobre atributos comunitarios. Entre 2013 y 2015, se estudiaron nueve sitios del arrecife (15-25m) con estéreo-video (535 transectos de 50m x 2m) y se contaron 47 792 individuos. La ictiofauna se caracterizó por un número alto de especies, alta densidad de especies de talla pequeña y biomasa acumulada en depredadores tope y macrocarnívoros (pirámide trófica invertida debido a agregaciones de pargos). Cerca del 60 % de la variación de la ictiofauna fue explicada por la turbidez del agua y la heterogeneidad del fondo. La densidad (90 indiv./100m2), la talla (14.2cm) y la biomasa de la ictiofauna (12 kg/100m2) y la biomasa de pargos y meros (65 g/m2) promedio del PNCSF, fueron similares a la de otros arrecifes protegidos. Sin embargo, se observó efecto negativo de la pesca en la disminución de indicadores de abundancia y talla a nivel de grupos funcionales y familias de interés para la pesca en el área oriental del PNCSF (mayor presión de pesca) con relación al área occidental. Además, la biomasa (15 g/m2) de herbívoros en el PNCSF y la de pargos y meros (12 g/m2) en el área oriental se evalúo como pobre. La información brindada puede ayudar a la toma de decisiones para el mejor uso de los recursos del arrecife en el PNCSF.Los autores valoramos altamente el trabajo de Lázaro García-López en la organización de las expediciones y la toma de muestras; la cooperación de la tripulación de la embarcación Felipe Poey, del Centro de Investigaciones Marinas y el apoyo del personal del Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe, Cuba. También apreciamos la contribución de Rodolfo Claro en la interpretación de los resultados y de los revisores anónimos a la redacción del artículo

Asociaciones de peces de arrecifes en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe, Cuba

El mantenimiento de los servicios de los arrecifes de coral depende, en gran parte, de la conservación de la ictiofauna, y para desarrollar estrategias dirigidas a su conservación se requieren datos sobre su condición y amenazas. Este trabajo tuvo el objetivo de describir las asociaciones de peces de arrecifes en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe (PNCSF) y explorar la influencia de la pesca y el hábitat sobre atributos comunitarios. Entre 2013 y 2015, se estudiaron nueve sitios del arrecife (15-25m) con estéreo-video (535 transectos de 50m x 2m) y se contaron 47 792 individuos. La ictiofauna se caracterizó por un número alto de especies, alta densidad de especies de talla pequeña y biomasa acumulada en depredadores tope y macrocarnívoros (pirámide trófica invertida debido a agregaciones de pargos). Cerca del 60 % de la variación de la ictiofauna fue explicada por la turbidez del agua y la heterogeneidad del fondo. La densidad (90 indiv./100m2), la talla (14.2cm) y la  biomasa de la ictiofauna (12 kg/100m2) y la biomasa de pargos y meros (65 g/m2) promedio del PNCSF, fueron similares a la de otros arrecifes protegidos. Sin embargo, se observó efecto negativo de la pesca en la disminución de indicadores de abundancia y talla a nivel de grupos funcionales y familias de interés para la pesca en el área oriental del PNCSF (mayor presión de pesca) con relación al área occidental. Además, la biomasa (15 g/m2) de herbívoros en el PNCSF y la de pargos y meros (12 g/m2) en el área oriental se evalúo como pobre. La información brindada puede ayudar a la toma de decisiones para el mejor uso de los recursos del arrecife en el PNCSF.   Recibido: 07.07.2022 Aceptado: 20.01.2023 Editor: Alain Durá

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

Additive Partitioning of Coral Reef Fish Diversity across Hierarchical Spatial Scales throughout the Caribbean

<div><p>There is an increasing need to examine regional patterns of diversity in coral-reef systems since their biodiversity is declining globally. In this sense, additive partitioning might be useful since it quantifies the contribution of alpha and beta to total diversity across different scales. We applied this approach using an unbalanced design across four hierarchical scales (80 sites, 22 subregions, six ecoregions, and the Caribbean basin). Reef-fish species were compiled from the Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF) database and distributions were confirmed with published data. Permutation tests were used to compare observed values to those expected by chance. The primary objective was to identify patterns of reef-fish diversity across multiple spatial scales under different scenarios, examining factors such as fisheries and demographic connectivity. Total diversity at the Caribbean scale was attributed to β-diversity (nearly 62% of the species), with the highest β-diversity at the site scale. </p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><mi>α</mi><mo>¯</mo></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>-diversity was higher than expected by chance in all scenarios and at all studied scales. This suggests that fish assemblages are more homogenous than expected, particularly at the ecoregion scale. Within each ecoregion, diversity was mainly attributed to alpha, except for the Southern ecoregion where there was a greater difference in species among sites. β-components were lower than expected in all ecoregions, indicating that fishes within each ecoregion are a subsample of the same species pool. The scenario involving the effects of fisheries showed a shift in dominance for β-diversity from regions to subregions, with no major changes to the diversity patterns. In contrast, demographic connectivity partially explained the diversity pattern. β-components were low within connectivity regions and higher than expected by chance when comparing between them. Our results highlight the importance of ecoregions as a spatial scale to conserve local and regional coral reef-fish diversity.<p></p> </div

Additive partitioning of reef fish diversity at the Caribbean basin scale.

<p>Contributions of average α-diversity and three β-diversity components: β₁ among sites, β₂ among subregions, and β₃ among ecoregions to γ-diversity. A: without fishing target species and B: including all the reef-fish species. The observed partitions (Obs.) are compared with the expected values (Exp.) as predicted by the null model based on 999 randomizations. Results are presented as percentages for easier comparison. Open star symbols: Exp < Obs, p<0.0001. Filled star symbols: Exp > Obs, p<0.0001.</p

Additive partitioning at the ecoregion level and fishing effects.

<p>Contributions of average α-diversity and two β-diversity components: β1 among sites, β2 among subregions, and β3 among ecoregions to γ-diversity. A: without fishing target species and B: including all the reef-fish species. The observed partitions (Obs.) are compared with the expected values (Exp.) as predicted by the null model based on 999 randomizations. Ecoregions abbreviations: Southwestern (SWE), Western (WE), Bahamian (BE), Greater Antilles (GE), Eastern (EE) and Southern (SE). Open star symbols: Exp < Obs, p<0.0001. Filled star symbols: Exp > Obs, p<0.0001. Ecoregions according to Spalding et al. [25].</p