Aplicación de placas basadas en residuos del desmote del algodón a envolventes horizontales de viviendas

El censo poblacional de 2010 indica que alrededor del 30% de las viviendas de la región algodonera poseen cerramientos horizontales formados por chapas de acero galvanizado, sin ningún tipo de cielorraso. Este tipo de cubierta, sin aislación térmica, redunda en una falta de confort y consumo excesivo de energía, produciéndose además en épocas invernales el fenómeno de la condensación superficial, que genera humedecimiento de la envolvente, propiciando el crecimiento de hongos y el desarrollo de afecciones crónicas (alérgicas y respiratorias). Frente a esto, se propone el empleo de elementos constructivos compuestos por residuos de desmote del algodón, aportando de manera innovadora una solución viable a la problemática ambiental (aprox. 1.195.000 m3) de residuos por campaña sin uso previsto), a la reducida demanda laboral de este sector agroindustrial, y al fuerte déficit habitacional existente en la región, mediante nuevas tecnologías de reducido costo, rápida ejecución y adecuadas características de aislamiento térmico.Área Investigación - Eje 2 Tecnología para la construcción sustentableFacultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Industry/University Collaboration at the University of Michigan-Dearborn: A Focus on Relevant Technology

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154104/1/kampfner1996.pd

Industry/University Collaboration at the University of Michigan-Dearborn: A Focus on Relevant Technology

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154105/1/kampfner1997.pd

Industry/University Collaboration at the University of Michigan-Dearborn: A Focus on Relevant Technology

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154106/1/kampfner1998.pd

Parametric resonance of arbitrarily layered composite circular cylindrical shells.

A composite circular cylindrical shell subjected to harmonic axial loading is studied. The shell is composed of arbitrarily layered fiber reinforced laminae. Lamination theory is used to develop the stiffness properties of the overall shell structure. Coupling between bending, stretching, and twisting in the shell's response can result because of the generality of the layering. The shell is modeled using thin shell theory. An element of the shell in a deformed configuration gives the equations of motion, one of which is nonlinear. Linearization is achieved via a perturbation technique which involves splitting the solution into a pre-instability response and a perturbed response. The equations of motion for the perturbed response of the shell are first partially uncoupled. Fourier series' are then used to suppress spatial dependence and generate a set of Mathieu-type differential equations. The technique allows any type of boundary conditions to be satisfied. Clamped conditions are studied here. The static and dynamic stability, as well as the free vibration natural frequency of a response described by a set of Mathieu equations each involve the numerical calculation of a determinant. This is done by solving the associated eigenvalue problem. The unperturbed response is assumed to be axisymmetric and inertialess; the unperturbed response equations of motion are then solved. Spatial variation in these solutions is allowed, in contrast to the commonly used assumption of a constant membrane state. Results are presented showing that the spatial variation is confined to regions near the shell ends. One difference over isotropy, however, is the appearance of significant shear stress brought upon by material coupling. The effects on parametric resonance of including unperturbed response spatial dependence is studied. It is shown that these effects are largely dependent on the laminate configuration. Specific results are presented for an example in which these effects increase the width of the instability zone by 112% for moderate loading. The variation of the parametric resonance frequency with lamina orientation is studied. It is shown that for a given shell geometry, the parametric resonance frequency and static buckling load do not always attain their respective relative maxima at the same orientations.Ph.D.MechanicsAerospace engineeringMechanical engineeringUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162406/1/9013850.pd

Imaging of Scleral Collagen Deformation Using Combined Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy and Polarized Light Microscopy Techniques.

This work presents an optospectroscopic characterization technique for soft tissue microstructure using site-matched confocal Raman microspectroscopy and polarized light microscopy. Using the technique, the microstructure of soft tissue samples is directly observed by polarized light microscopy during loading while spatially correlated spectroscopic information is extracted from the same plane, verifying the orientation and arrangement of the collagen fibers. Results show the response and orientation of the collagen fiber arrangement in its native state as well as during tensile and compressive loadings in a porcine sclera model. An example is also given showing how the data can be used with a finite element program to estimate the strain in individual collagen fibers. The measurements demonstrate features that indicate microstructural reorganization and damage of the sclera's collagen fiber arrangement under loading. The site-matched confocal Raman microspectroscopic characterization of the tissue provides a qualitative measure to relate the change in fibrillar arrangement with possible chemical damage to the collagen microstructure. Tests and analyses presented here can potentially be used to determine the stress-strain behavior, and fiber reorganization of the collagen microstructure in soft tissue during viscoelastic response

Vårdpersonals attityder till missbrukare : En litteraturstudie

Background: Alcohol and drug abuse is a worldwide health problem and health care professionals should maintain an ethical approach to all patients. People with substance abuse problems experience poor health care delivery, partly because of the attitudes of health care professionals. Aim: To examine the attitudes of health care professionals towards people with substance abuse problems. Method: A literature study where 8 qualitative research articles were quality reviewed and analyzed. Results: The attitudes of the majority of health care professionals towards people with substance abuse were negative. People with substance abuse were considered to lack will, to be hopeless cases, to be manipulative with rapid mood swings and were seen only on the basis of their addiction problems. There was also a reluctance to work with these patients. Among the few positive attitudes that emerged were that the health care professionals wanted to show respect, understanding and a willingness to support people with substance abuse. Lack of knowledge and skills is fundamental to the negative attitudes of health care professionals. Conclusion: Negative attitudes towards people with substance abuse were evident among health care professionals who tended to see them based only on their addiction problems. These negative attitudes can affect the care provided to these patients so that they do not receive adequate care. Education is needed to change the negative attitudes.   Keywords: Attitudes, health care professionals, people with substance abuseBakgrund: Alkohol- och drogmissbruk är ett hälsoproblem som finns över hela världen och vårdpersonalen bör upprätthålla ett gott etiskt förhållningssätt till alla patienter. Personer med missbruksproblematik upplever en dålig vård bland annat på grund av vårdpersonalens attityder. Syfte: Att undersöka vårdpersonals attityder till personer med missbruk. Metod: En litteraturstudie där 8 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar kvalitetsgranskats och analyserats. Resultat: Det framkom att majoriteten av vårdpersonalens attityder till personer med missbruk var negativa. Detta innebar att personer med missbruk ansågs sakna vilja, vara hopplösa fall, vara manipulativa med snabba humörsvängningar och ses endast utifrån sitt missbruksproblem. Det framkom även en motvilja till att arbeta med den här patientgruppen. Bland de få positiva attityder som framkom var att vårdpersonalen ville visa respekt, få förståelse för och vilja stödja personer med missbruk. Brist på kunskap och kompetens är en grund till negativa attityder hos vårdpersonalen. Slutsats: Negativa attityder till personer med missbruk var tydliga hos vårdpersonalen och de tenderade att se personerna endast utifrån sitt missbruksproblem. Dessa negativa attityder kan påverka vården som ges till den här patientgruppen på så sätt att de inte får adekvat vård. Utbildning behövs för att förändra de negativa attityderna.   Nyckelord: Attityder, vårdpersonal, personer med missbru

Residuos de desmote de algodón aglomerados: su producción y aplicación en la construcción de viviendas

La factibilidad de producir bloques y placas mediante la aglomeración de residuos de desmote del algodón (cascarilla) con ligantes cálcicos se ha comprobado en trabajos previos. Estos residuos representan un serio inconveniente para las plantas desmotadoras, que anualmente generan gran cantidad de desechos sin destino final identificado en Argentina. La variabilidad de la producción anual de algodón, la dispersión geográfica de las desmotadoras y los costos de transporte, dificultan proponer alternativas de reutilización de alta complejidad. Se propone emplearlo como materia prima para elaborar aglomerados de cascarilla con cemento portland utilizando tecnologías sencillas, fácilmente apropiables y transferibles. Este trabajo analiza las características de los aglomerados obtenidos y la influencia que ejercen diversos parámetros de producción sobre ellas y sobre la productividad del proceso. Los resultados alcanzados muestran la mejora de la productividad del proceso mediante el empleo de aditivos de calidad industrial, así como un mejor comportamiento higrotérmico de envolventes de viviendas por la incorporación de estos aglomerados, reemplazando materiales de elevado costo y tecnologías constructivas complejas

Perilimbal sclera mechanical properties: Impact on intraocular pressure in porcine eyes

<div><p>There is extensive knowledge on the relationship of posterior scleral biomechanics and intraocular pressure (IOP) load on glaucomatous optic neuropathy; however, the role for biomechanical influence of the perilimbal scleral tissue on the aqueous humor drainage pathway, including the distal venous outflow system, and IOP regulation is not fully understood. The purpose of this work is to study the outflow characteristics of perfused porcine eyes relative to the biomechanical properties of the perilimbal sclera, the posterior sclera and the cornea. Enucleated porcine eyes from eleven different animals were perfused with surrogate aqueous at two fixed flow rates while monitoring their IOP. After perfusion, mechanical stress-strain and relaxation tests were conducted on specimens of perilimbal sclera, posterior sclera, and cornea from the same perfused eyes. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated a strong correlation between increased tangent modulus of the perilimbal sclera tissues and increased perfusion IOP (R² = 0.74, p = 0.0006 at lower flow rate and R² = 0.71, p = 0.0011 at higher flow rate). In contrast, there were no significant correlations between IOP and the tangent modulus of the other tissues (Posterior sclera: R² = 0.17 at lower flow rate and R² = 0.30 at higher flow rate; cornea: R² = 0.02 at lower flow rate and R²<0.01 at higher flow rate) nor the viscoelastic properties of any tissue (R² ≤ 0.08 in all cases). Additionally, the correlation occurred for IOP and not net outflow facility (R² ≤ 0.12 in all cases). These results provide new evidence that IOP in perfused porcine eyes is strongly influenced by the tangent modulus, sometimes called the tissue stiffness, of the most anterior portion of the sclera, i.e. the limbus.</p></div