When Is Domestic Political Unrest Related to International Conflict? Diversionary Theory and Japanese Foreign Policy, 1890–19411

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146888/1/j.1468-2478.2010.00620.x.pd

Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly.

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of sodium (Na) reduction on occurrence of headaches.MethodsIn the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly, 975 men and woman (aged 60-80 years) with hypertension were randomized to a Na-reduction intervention or control group and were followed for up to 36 months. The study was conducted between 1992 and 1995 at 4 clinical centers (Johns Hopkins University, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and the University of Tennessee).ResultsMean difference in Na excretion between the Na-reduction intervention and control group was significant at each follow-up visit (P < .001) with an average difference of 38.8 millimoles per 24 hours. The occurrence of headaches was significantly lower in the Na-reduction intervention group (10.5%) compared with control (14.3%) with a hazard ratio of 0.59 (95% confidence interval = 0.40, 0.88; P = .009). The risk of headaches was significantly associated with average level of Na excretion during follow-up, independent of most recent blood pressure. The relationship appeared to be nonlinear with a spline relationship and a knot at 150 millimoles per 24 hours.ConclusionsReduced sodium intake, currently recommended for blood pressure control, may also reduce the occurrence of headaches in older persons with hypertension

Earthworms in the soil under a beet-cereal rotation after 24 years of no plowing with and without green manure

Annual plowing is helpful in controlling weeds, but it can also be detrimental to earthworms in the soil. In a now 24-year long-term trial in the dry¬lands of southwest Germany, it was investigated how the intensity of tillage (plow 30 cm deep vs. goose share culti¬vator 15 cm deep) and the implementation of a green manure every 3rd year within the crop rotation (with vs. without) affects earthworm population. The follo¬wing two questions were the main focus: (1) Does the earthworm population suffer over time due to the low humus regene¬ration capacity of the beet-cereal crop rota¬tion with straw removal and without organic fertilization? (2) Can the negative effect of low humus-regeneration capacity be compensated by earthworm-promoting measures such as no plowing and green manuring? In the 9 years from the first to the second campaign, earthworm biomass decreased by about 30 % (mean across all variants). With one exception, earthworm biomass was always lower in the plowed soil than in the corresponding cultivator variant. For endogeic earthworms, plowing - especially in combination with green manure - was even rather positive. Generally, earthworms benefited more from green manuring than from reduced tillage

Perforation of the lower topsoil and the upper subsoil in a beet-cereal crop rotation after 24 years of tillage with and without plowing with and without green manure

When plowing, there is a risk that over time a compacted, poorly perforated plow pan will form directly under the plowing horizon (crumb base) at a depth of 30 to 35 cm. However, shallow tillage is not without its problems either. The weight of heavy machinery, especially if the soil is too moist, can compact the deeper layer of topsoil at a depth of 20 to 30 cm (deep topsoil) over time. Using double-ring infiltrometers, the perforation of the deep topsoil and the crumb base was investigated in a long-term tillage experiment with and without green manure. In the long term, plowing was by no means detrimental to soil perforation. However, regular intercropping with yellow mustard was beneficial in the long term. In regenerative agriculture, particular attention should therefore be paid to the cultivation of catch crops with allorhizal root systems (instead of plowless tillage), as these significantly improve soil perforation

Perforation of the lower topsoil and the upper subsoil in a beet-cereal crop rotation after 24 years of tillage with and without plowing with and without green manure

When plowing, there is a risk that over time a compacted, poorly perforated plow pan will form directly under the plowing horizon (crumb base) at a depth of 30 to 35 cm. However, shallow tillage is not without its problems either. The weight of heavy machinery, especially if the soil is too moist, can compact the deeper layer of topsoil at a depth of 20 to 30 cm (deep topsoil) over time. Using double-ring infiltrometers, the perforation of the deep topsoil and the crumb base was investigated in a long-term tillage experiment with and without green manure. In the long term, plowing was by no means detrimental to soil perforation. However, regular intercropping with yellow mustard was beneficial in the long term. In regenerative agriculture, particular attention should therefore be paid to the cultivation of catch crops with allorhizal root systems (instead of plowless tillage), as these significantly improve soil perforation

Atomizer for thermal management system

An atomizer for thermal management system for efficiently thermally managing one or more heat producing devices. The atomizer for thermal management system includes a housing having a coolant passage and a dispensing end, an orifice within the dispensing end, and an actuator manipulating a plunger within the housing. The plunger includes a head that is sealable within a recessed portion of the orifice to open or close the orifice. The coolant passes through the coolant passage into the orifice for spraying upon a heat producing device. The actuator may reciprocate so that the coolant spray emitted through the orifice is pulsating. The pulsing frequency may be increased to increase cooling or decreased to decrease cooling of the heat producing device

Humusgehalt und -qualität nach 28 Jahren Aushagerung im Vergleich zu ausreichend mit Stickstoff versorgtem Boden im statischen Stickstoffdüngungsversuch der TH Bingen

Die Stabilisierung der organischen Substanz im Boden, sei es durch Mineralassoziierung oder durch zunehmende Rekalzitranz geht mit einer Verengung des C:N-Verhältnisses einher. Chronischer N-Mangel könnte deshalb langfristig die Stabilisierung des Humus im Boden beeinträchtigen. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, wurden aus den oberen 10 cm des statischen N-Düngungsversuch der TH Bingen Bodenproben entnommen und auf leicht mineralisierbaren, leicht hydrolysierbaren sowie auf partikulären (POM) und mineralassoziierten (MAOM) organischen N und C untersucht. Das Aushagern durch langjährig unterlassene Stickstoffdüngung führte zu einem Rückgang des Humusgehalts im Boden. Von dem aushagerungsbedingten Rückgang der orga-nischen Substanz waren allerdings nicht alle Humus-Fraktionen gleichermaßen betroffen. Relativ am stärk¬sten spiegelte sich die Aushagerung in der hydrolysierbaren Fraktion wider, was am heißwasserlöslichen Stickstoff erkennbar wurde (minus 27,2% bzw. 26,5 %). Auch der potenziell mineralisierbare N war von der Aushagerung besonders stark betroffen. Mit minus 19,6% bzw. 21,9 % reagierte die partikulare organische Substanz (POM) zwar deutlich stärker als die mineralassoziierte Fraktion (minus 8,6% bzw. 9,9%). Die POM-Fraktion war damit jedoch weniger sensitiv hinsichtlich Aushagerung als die hydrolysierbare N-Fraktion. Dieser Befund stärkt die Vermutung, dass unter chronischem N-Mangel deutlich weniger hydrolysierbarer N im Boden akkumuliert, der für eine anschließende Stabilisierung zur Verfügung stehen könnte, als in Böden, die ausreichend mit Stickstoff versorgt werden

You Have the Right to Remain Silent: True Rights Statement Confessions

Panel summary: Have you ever had any questions or concerns about rights statements but didn’t know who to ask? Need to confess a rights statements blunder? Following the launch of RightsStatements.org, many DPLA Hubs have started discussions about standardizing rights statements for digital collections. This BOF session will bring together various experts from mid-Atlantic DPLA Hubs who have implemented standardized rights statements for digital collections, worked on education and training for its constituent institutions’ digital collections, or have done rights statements analyses across their home institution or constituent collections. The ultimate goal of the session will help build collective awareness and skills among digital collections managers or interested archivists for implementing standardized rights statements in an open and understanding space. Participants are welcome and encouraged to bring any and all rights statements for review, questions, or confessions. They can share tales of heartbreak, confusion, and woe and we will help troubleshoot and commiserate.MARAC Spring 2018 birds-of-a-feather panel on rights statements for digital collections

Finite-Function-Encoding Quantum States

We investigate the encoding of higher-dimensional logic into quantum states. To that end we introduce finite-function-encoding (FFE) states which encode arbitrary $d$-valued logic functions and investigate their structure as an algebra over the ring of integers modulo $d$. We point out that the polynomiality of the function is the deciding property for associating hypergraphs to states. Given a polynomial, we map it to a tensor-edge hypergraph, where each edge of the hypergraph is associated with a tensor. We observe how these states generalize the previously defined qudit hypergraph states, especially through the study of a group of finite-function-encoding Pauli stabilizers. Finally, we investigate the structure of FFE states under local unitary operations, with a focus on the bipartite scenario and its connections to the theory of complex Hadamard matrices.Comment: Comments welcom