Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani Di Daerah Program PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan (Studi Kasus Desa Balerejo Kecamatan Dempet Kabupaten Demak Tahun Pelaksanaan 2012)

This study aims to determine the socio-economic characteristics and factors affecting farmer's income level on PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan region in Tempel Sub Village Balerejo Village of Dempet District Demak Regency. Sampling method with a purposive sampling method. Consisted of 30 respondents of benefit recipients and 30 respondents non benefit recipients. This research using multiple linier regression. The result showed that cooficient of determination 0.775. This value indicated that independent variables effect is 77.5 percent, while the remaining 22,5 percent is explained by other variables. Anova test showed the value of 64.413 with significance probability value of 0.000. Partial test showed the variables education and participation has a significance value of 0.000 and age variable has no significant influence

Kualitas Pembelajaran Daring Saat Pandemi Covid 19 (Studi Kasus Pandangan Guru Sekolah Dasar)

This study aims to: 1) Determine the quality of online learning and how effective online learning is at SD Aisyiyah Unggulan Gemolong. 2) Describe the problems that were obtained during online learning and what solutions were provided based on the point of view of the Aisyiyah Unggulan Gemolong Elementary School teacher. 3) Knowing the differences in student learning achievements before and after during online learning during the Covid 19 pandemic at Aisyiyah Unggulan Gemolong Elementary School. 4) Describe what media and learning models are used by teachers during online learning during the Covid 19 pandemic at Aiyiyah Unggulan Gemolong Elementary School. This type of research is a qualitative research, with a case study design. Methods of data collection using observation, interviews, and documentation. Analyzed with Miles and Huberman models, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are: 1) the quality of online learning at SD Aiyiyah Unggulan Gemolong is not met, because there are indicators of learning quality according to the Ministry of National Education in Prasetyo (2013:13) that are not met. Regarding the implementation of online learning at SD Aiyiyah Unggulan Gemolong it is not effective, because based on the effectiveness of learning according to Rohmawati (2015:17) To achieve an effective and efficient learning concept it is necessary to have a reciprocal relationship between students and teachers to achieve a goal together, while during online learning there is no direct interaction or reciprocal relationship between teachers and students. 2) Problems with the implementation of online learning at SD Aisyiyah Unggulan Gemolong, there are several problems faced by teachers, including differences in internet signals to support online learning used by students. then the teacher cannot interact directly with students, and the last is regarding the parents of students while accompanying students in carrying out learning. 3) Differences in student learning achievements before and during the implementation of learning at SD Aisyiyah Unggulan Gemolong, student learning achievements have very clear differences before the pandemic and then during the pandemic. Because during online learning, students when doing assignments and exams are assisted and accompanied by parents, and also facilitated by the internet. 4) Media and learning models used during the implementation of online learning at SD Aisyiyah Unggulan Gemolong, most of the media that teachers rely on are learning videos

Making Fair ML Software using Trustworthy Explanation

Machine learning software is being used in many applications (finance, hiring, admissions, criminal justice) having a huge social impact. But sometimes the behavior of this software is biased and it shows discrimination based on some sensitive attributes such as sex, race, etc. Prior works concentrated on finding and mitigating bias in ML models. A recent trend is using instance-based model-agnostic explanation methods such as LIME to find out bias in the model prediction. Our work concentrates on finding shortcomings of current bias measures and explanation methods. We show how our proposed method based on K nearest neighbors can overcome those shortcomings and find the underlying bias of black-box models. Our results are more trustworthy and helpful for the practitioners. Finally, We describe our future framework combining explanation and planning to build fair software.Comment: New Ideas and Emerging Results (NIER) track; The 35th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering; Melbourne, Australi

Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: the Baker basin in Patagonia

The Baker basin (27 000 km2) is located in one of the most pristine and remote areas of the planet. Its hydrological regime is poised to undergo dramatic changes in the near future due to hydropower development and climate change. The basin contains the second-largest lake in South America, and part of a major icefield. This study documents the natural baseline of the Baker River basin, discusses the main hydrological modes and analyses the potential for sustainable management. Annual precipitation varies several-fold from the eastern Patagonian steppes to the North Patagonian Icefield. The westernmost sub-basins are strongly governed by glacier melt with a peak discharge in the austral summer (January–March). The easternmost sub-basins have a much more seasonal response governed by quicker snowmelt in spring (November–December), while they exhibit low flows typical for semi-arid regions during summer and autumn. Topography, vegetation and wetlands may also influence streamflow. The strong spatio-temporal gradients and variability highlight the need for further monitoring, particularly in the headwaters, especially given the severe changes these basins are expected to undergo. The great diversity of hydrological controls and climate change pose significant challenges for hydrological prediction and management

'Tough'-constructions and their derivation

This article addresses the syntax of the notorious 'tough' (-movement) construction (TC) in English. TCs exhibit a range of apparently contradictory empirical properties suggesting that their derivation involves the application of both A-movement and A'-movement operations. Given that within previous Principles and Parameters models TCs have remained “unexplained and in principle unexplainable” (Holmberg 2000: 839) due to incompatibility with constraints on theta-assignment, locality, and Case, this article argues that the phase-based implementation of the Minimalist program (Chomsky 2000, 2001, 2004) permits a reanalysis of null wh-operators capable of circumventing the previous theoretical difficulties. Essentially, 'tough'-movement consists of A-moving a constituent out of a “complex” null operator which has already undergone A'-movement, a “smuggling” construction in the terms of Collins (2005a,b

Monascus-Fermented Dioscorea Enhances Oxidative Stress Resistance via DAF-16/FOXO in Caenorhabditis elegans

BACKGROUND: Monascus-fermented products are mentioned in an ancient Chinese pharmacopoeia of medicinal food and herbs. Monascus-fermented products offer valuable therapeutic benefits and have been extensively used in East Asia for several centuries. Several biological activities of Monascus-fermented products were recently described, and the extract of Monascus-fermented products showed strong antioxidant activity of scavenging DPPH radicals. To evaluate whether Monascus-fermented dioscorea products have potential as nutritional supplements, Monascus-fermented dioscorea's modulation of oxidative-stress resistance and associated regulatory mechanisms in Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We examined oxidative stress resistance of the ethanol extract of red mold dioscorea (RMDE) in C. elegans, and found that RMDE-treated wild-type C. elegans showed an increased survival during juglone-induced oxidative stress compared to untreated controls, whereas the antioxidant phenotype was absent from a daf-16 mutant. In addition, the RMDE reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species in C. elegans. Finally, the RMDE affected the subcellular distribution of the FOXO transcription factor, DAF-16, in C. elegans and induced the expression of the sod-3 antioxidative gene. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the RMDE acts as an antioxidative stress agent and thus may have potential as a nutritional supplement. Further studies in C. elegans suggest that the antioxidant effect of RMDE is mediated via regulation of the DAF-16/FOXO-dependent pathway

The HOXB4 Homeoprotein Promotes the Ex Vivo Enrichment of Functional Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived NK Cells

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be induced to differentiate into blood cells using either co-culture with stromal cells or following human embryoid bodies (hEBs) formation. It is now well established that the HOXB4 homeoprotein promotes the expansion of human adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but also myeloid and lymphoid progenitors. However, the role of HOXB4 in the development of hematopoietic cells from hESCs and particularly in the generation of hESC-derived NK-progenitor cells remains elusive. Based on the ability of HOXB4 to passively enter hematopoietic cells in a system that comprises a co-culture with the MS-5/SP-HOXB4 stromal cells, we provide evidence that HOXB4 delivery promotes the enrichment of hEB-derived precursors that could differentiate into fully mature and functional NK. These hEB-derived NK cells enriched by HOXB4 were characterized according to their CMH class I receptor expression, their cytotoxic arsenal, their expression of IFNγ and CD107a after stimulation and their lytic activity. Furthermore our study provides new insights into the gene expression profile of hEB-derived cells exposed to HOXB4 and shows the emergence of CD34+CD45RA+ precursors from hEBs indicating the lymphoid specification of hESC-derived hematopoietic precursors. Altogether, our results outline the effects of HOXB4 in combination with stromal cells in the development of NK cells from hESCs and suggest the potential use of HOXB4 protein for NK-cell enrichment from pluripotent stem cells