Tratamento de sementes de pimentão com microrganismos, micronutrientes, aminoácidos e reguladores de crescimento

Small sized seeds, such as the horticultural species, have limited quantities of reserves that can be balanced by coating then with essential nutrients for their initial development. In addition, inoculation of the seeds with microorganisms may protect the plants against phytopathogens, thus enhancing their growth. The present work had the objective of evaluate the physiological quality and seedling development of sweet pepper seeds and seedlings coated with several kind of films. Seeds were first coated with polymers and then with antagonistic microorganisms (Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma polysporhum, Trichoderma stromaticum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae), mycorrhizas, aminoacids, micronutrients and plant growth regulators. Evaluation was performed for percentage of germination and for seedling emergence, speed of emergence index, number of plants, dry mass of the aerial and root parts and height of the seedlings. Inoculation with Trichoderma viride increased the percentage and rate of the seedlings emergence Inoculation with Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium anisopliae and mycorrhizas promote better seedling development; seed microbiolization with microorganisms Trichoderma viride, T. polysporhum, T. stromaticum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae. Mycorrhizas mixture negatively affected seeds and seedling quality. Seed covering with plant growht regulator, at a 5 mL kg-1 dose increased the roots dry matter.Em sementes pequenas, como as de espécies hortícolas, as limitadas quantidades de reservas podem ser equilibradas por meio do seu recobrimento com nutrientes essenciais para o seu desenvolvimento inicial. Além disso, a inoculação dessas sementes com microrganismos, além de proteger as plantas contra fitopatógenos, pode promover o seu crescimento. Assim, objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de tipos de revestimentos na qualidade de sementes e mudas de pimentão (Capsicum annum). Para tanto, as sementes foram primeiro revestidas com polímeros e depois foram adicionados microrganismos antagônicos (Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma polysporhum, Trichoderma stromaticum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae), micorrizas, aminoácidos, micronutrientes e reguladores vegetais. Avaliaram-se a porcentagem de germinação e de emergência, o índice de velocidade de emergência, o número de plantas, a massa seca de parte aérea e de raiz e a altura da parte aérea das mudas. A inoculação de sementes com Trichoderma viride aumentou a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de emergência das plântulas; Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium anisopliae e as micorrizas inoculadas às sementes dessa espécie promovem melhor desenvolvimento das mudas; a microbiolização de sementes com a mistura dos microrganismos Trichoderma viride, T. polysporhum, T. stromaticum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae e micorrizas afetou negativamente a qualidade das sementes e mudas de pimentão e o revestimento dessas sementes com regulador vegetal, na dose de 5 mL kg-1 de sementes proporciona aumento na massa seca das raízes das plantas

A Ciência no esteio contraditório do Sertão cearense: Traços de uma experiência

La educación superior, especialmente la enseñaza universitaria, en el sentido estricto, la investigación orientada científicamente, entre otros factores, son señalados por los especialistas como dispositivos capaces de impulsar el desarrollo. En la educación superior, especialmente la privada y la pública no universitaria, la región del interior central, en general, y de manera destacada Quixadá, presenta un escenario en auge. Este marco no se consolida, como se esperaba, sin las contradicciones de una sociedad asimétrica y clasista. El contexto de la expansión de la educación superior en el estado de Ceará, aunque registre avanzos, no es capaz de romper la desigual distribución de la riqueza en Estado. Como una manera de cuestionar y debatir algunos de estos problemas nace el Grupo de Trabajo de Investigación, Educación, Estética y Sociedad (GPTREES), registrada en la plataforma Lattes del Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq). Este grupo trabaja en conjunto con el Laboratorio de Investigación de Política Social de la Zona Central (Lapps). El GPTREES-Lapps, por lo que puede estar constituido como un cuerpo junto con la perspectiva para comprender e intervenir en las desigualdades económicas, culturales y sociales necesitan la perspectiva dentro del Estado de Ceará, la oportunidad de analizar críticamente su desarrollo y, dialécticamente, potenciar este mismo desarrollo, pero por lo que pueda cuestionar las desigualdades derivadas de la lucha de clases existente en tal relación.No ensino superior, sobretudo o universitário, a pós-graduação, principalmente a stricto sensu, a pesquisa cientificamente orientada, entre outros elementos, são apontados pelos especialistas como artifício capaz de impulsionar o desenvolvimento. Sobre o ensino superior, principalmente o privado e o público não-universitário, no Sertão Central, de forma geral, e em Quixadá, de modo destacado, apresenta-se um cenário em franca expansão. Quadro esse que não se consolida, como era de se esperar, sem as contradições de uma sociedade assimétrica e classista. O contexto de expansão do ensino superior no interior do Ceará, apesar de registrar avanços, não é capaz de quebrar a desigual distribuição de riquezas presentes no Estado. Como forma de questionar e debater alguns desses problemas, nasce o Grupo de Pesquisa Trabalho, Educação, Estética e Sociedade (GPTREES), cadastrado na plataforma Lattes do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Este Grupo funciona em articulação com o Laboratório de Pesquisa sobre Políticas Sociais do Sertão Central (Lapps). O GPTREES-Lapps, para que possa se constituir como um organismo aliado à perspectiva de compreender e intervir nas desigualdades econômicas, culturais e sociais, precisa perspectivar, no interior do Estado do Ceará, a oportunidade de análise crítica sobre seu desenvolvimento e, de forma dialética, potencializar este mesmo desenvolvimento, porém de modo a que se possam questionar as desigualdades advindas da luta de classes existente em tal relação

Sweet pepper seed responses to inoculation with microorganisms and coating with micronutrients, aminoacids and plant growth regulators

Small sized seeds, such as the horticultural species, have limited quantities of reserves that can be balanced by coating then with essential nutrients for their initial development. In addition, inoculation of the seeds with microorganisms may protect the plants against phytopathogens, thus enhancing their growth. The present work had the objective of evaluate the physiological quality and seedling development of sweet pepper seeds and seedlings coated with several kind of films. Seeds were first coated with polymers and then with antagonistic microorganisms (Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma polysporhum, Trichoderma stromaticum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae), mycorrhizas, aminoacids, micronutrients and plant growth regulators. Evaluation was performed for percentage of germination and for seedling emergence, speed of emergence index, number of plants, dry mass of the aerial and root parts and height of the seedlings. Inoculation with Trichoderma viride increased the percentage and rate of the seedlings emergence Inoculation with Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium anisopliae and mycorrhizas promote better seedling development; seed microbiolization with microorganisms Trichoderma viride, T. polysporhum, T. stromaticum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae. Mycorrhizas mixture negatively affected seeds and seedling quality. Seed covering with plant growht regulator, at a 5 mL kg-1 dose increased the roots dry matter

Pre-packing cooling and types of packages in maintaining physiological quality of soybean seeds during storage

Abstract: Seeds storing under appropriate conditions reduces the speed of the seeds deterioration process. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-packing cooling and types of packages in the maintenance of the physiological quality of soybean seeds during storage. The completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications, considering a factorial arrangement involving or not the pre-packing cooling of the seed mass, three types of packages (multi-layer paper bag, big bag, and polyethylene container), and five storing periods (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). The physiological quality was evaluated by the tests of first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, emergence speed index and emergence. The use of packages with larger amount of seeds (big bag and polyethylene container) did not favor the maintenance of the pre-packing cooling temperature. The types of packages did not show significant differences in the seeds viability during storage, up to eight months, regardless the pre-packing cooling. The cultivars seeds showed different tolerance to storing, i.e. seeds of the cultivar TMG 1176 had lower storing potential comparing to the seeds from the cultivar SYN 9074

Pre-packing cooling and types of packages in maintaining physiological quality of soybean seeds during storage

Abstract: Seeds storing under appropriate conditions reduces the speed of the seeds deterioration process. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-packing cooling and types of packages in the maintenance of the physiological quality of soybean seeds during storage. The completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications, considering a factorial arrangement involving or not the pre-packing cooling of the seed mass, three types of packages (multi-layer paper bag, big bag, and polyethylene container), and five storing periods (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). The physiological quality was evaluated by the tests of first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, emergence speed index and emergence. The use of packages with larger amount of seeds (big bag and polyethylene container) did not favor the maintenance of the pre-packing cooling temperature. The types of packages did not show significant differences in the seeds viability during storage, up to eight months, regardless the pre-packing cooling. The cultivars seeds showed different tolerance to storing, i.e. seeds of the cultivar TMG 1176 had lower storing potential comparing to the seeds from the cultivar SYN 9074

Armazenamento e qualidade de sementes de tomate enriquecidas com micronutrientes e reguladores de crescimento Storage and quality of tomato seeds enriched with micronutrients and growth regulators

O estudo foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras, MG, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de micronutrientes e reguladores de crescimento na germinação, no vigor, na atividade de algumas enzimas e no teor de proteínas totais em sementes de tomate, durante o armazenamento. As sementes foram tratadas com os produtos Starter®, Cellerate® e Stimulate® nas dosagens correspondentes a 0%, 50%, 100%, 150% e 200% da dose recomendada pelo fabricante, utilizando a técnica de peliculização. As avaliações foram realizadas aos zero, 6 e 12 meses de armazenamento, pelos seguintes parâmetros: porcentagem de germinação, porcentagem e índice de velocidade de emergência, atividade das enzimas endo-â-mananase e esterase, teor de proteínas totais e sanidade. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 x 3 ( 3 produtos x 5 doses x 3 épocas de armazenamento), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento. Concluiu-se que a combinação dos reguladores de crescimento contidos no produto Stimulate® promove aumento na velocidade de emergência das plântulas de tomate quando aplicados na dose recomendada e na pré-semeadura; a atividade da enzima esterase aumenta com o período de armazenamento das sementes de tomate, indicando aumento no processo de deterioração; o revestimento enriquecido com os micronutrientes e reguladores de crescimento contidos nos produtos Starter®, Cellerate® e Stimulate® e o armazenamento interferem na atividade da enzima endo-â-mananase em sementes de tomate; há um aumento no teor de proteínas totais em sementes de tomate com o aumento do período de armazenamento.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of micronutrients and growth regulators on the germination, vigor, activity of some enzymes, and on the total protein contents in tomato seeds during the storage. The seeds were treated with the chemicals Starter®, Cellerate®, and Stimulate® at the dosages corresponding to 0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of the dose recommended by the manufacturer, utilizing the film-coating technique. The evaluations were performed at 0, 6, and 12 months of storage by the following parameters: percentage of germination, percentage and emergency velocity rate, activity of enzymes endo-â-mannanase and esterase, total protein content, and health. The completely randomized design in a 3 x 5 x 3 factorial structure was utilized, namely, three chemicals, five doses, and three storage periods with four replicates of 50 seeds per treatment. Coating with the chemicals based on micronutrients and growth regulators and storage interfere on the activity of enzyme endo-â-mannanase in the tomatoes and seeds; the activity of enzyme esterase increases with the storage of tomato seeds, pointing to an increase in the deterioration process; there is an increase in the total protein content in tomato seeds throughout the storage period; chemicals based on growth regulators promote an increase in emergency velocity rate of the tomato seedlings when applied at pre-sowing at the recommended dose

The Effect of Schinus terebinthifolius

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as red aroeira, is used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory, gastric, and respiratory disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihistaminic activity of S. terebinthifolius (St) bark extract by using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. The effects of St were investigated on contractions induced by histamine, carbachol, and potassium chloride in isolated guinea pig ileum. St was also studied in response to hind paw edema induced by histamine in rats. Experiments revealed that although St (250, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL) reduced the histamine-induced contractions by 9.1±1.8, 50.2±2.0, and 68.9±2.0%, respectively, it did not inhibit contractions induced by carbachol or KCl. The association of St (250 and 500 µg/mL) with hydroxyzine, an H1-antihistamine (0.125 and 0.250 µM), increased the inhibitory effect to 67.0±3.2 and 85.1±2.1%, respectively. Moreover, St (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) decreased paw edema from its peak by 33.9, 48.4, and 54.8%, respectively, whereas hydroxyzine (70 mg/kg) inhibited the peak edema by 56.5%. Altogether, the results suggest that the bark extract of S. terebinthifolius has an antihistaminic effect (H1)