Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Atomic displacement in solids: Analysis of the primary event and the collision cascade. Part I: Neutron and positive ion irradiation

Aerospace Engineerin

The backbone of a City Information Model (CIM): Implementing a spatial data model for urban design

We have been witnessing an increased interest in a more holistic approach to urban design practice and education. In this paper we present a spatial data model for urban design that proposes the combination of urban environment feature classes with design process feature classes. This data model is implemented in a spatial database that becomes the backbone of a City Information Model (CIM), integrating urban neighbourhood formulation, design, and evaluation methods into a comprehensive urban design support system. We demonstrate its application to urban design analysis and evaluation through the development of a tool for AutoCAD Map 3D that is integrated with the PostGIS spatial database.UrbanismArchitectur

Burn wood influence on outdoor air quality in a small village: Foros de Arrao, Portugal

Radiation, Radionulcides and ReactorsApplied Science

Principles and guidelines for the environmental protection of drainage basins prone to flash floods: Experimental intervention in a pilot drainage basin

The second Chapter refers to the institutional and legislative framework, that is, the laws in force at the different levels, from local to global, in each partner\u92s country and concludes with considerations on optimal levels of coordination. Chapter III begins with the methodology recommended for the study of small-medium basins, based upon the previous work done by the same team1. It continues with the non-structural solutions (basin land-use plans and floodplain management, urban development regulations and constraints) for preventing flood hazards in the studied areas and the adopted structural interventions (sound and efficient environment-friendly engineering techniques, design and execution of structural works aiming at the protection of areas prone to flash floods). A schematic view of the criteria for the intervention alternatives is presented in Chapter IV. Chapter V and VI refer to ex-post evaluation and a glossary of the technical terms commonly used in Austria, Italy and Portugal, and in English. The Annex includes (under a separate volume), the application of principles and guidelines for flash flood prevention in the Civiglia Basin, described in the preceding project.Prem

Building renovation at district level: Lessons learned from international case studies

Renovation at district scale is a key strategy to reduce CO2 emissions by optimising the implementation of renewable energy sources and taking advantage of economy of scale. This paper focuses on analysing good practice examples on energy renovations at district scale. The paper adapts a qualitative research methodology in four phases, including the multi-perspective analysis of nine exemplary renovation projects in six European countries, including identification of drivers and barriers of different stakeholders. It is found that the drivers for a district renovation are not restricted to energy savings, but typically also include improving the overall quality of life as well as the image and economic value of a district. Moreover, the need for financial models that can alleviate split-incentive problems between investors and resident organizations is identified. Barriers for carrying out a district renovation include that there is a need to comply with energy standards, that the renovation scope had to be limited to avoid a noticeable rent increase and that resettling of tenants during the renovation is often not possible. Lessons learned include that good communication amongst the different stakeholders, especially with residents, plays a key role for the success of the project. Furthermore, a strong leadership is needed to coordinate activities due to the great number of stakeholders.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Building Product InnovationHousing ManagementBeheer Grootschalige (EU) Projecte

Comparison of macro x-ray fluorescence and reflectance imaging spectroscopy for the semi-quantitative analysis of pigments in easel paintings: A study on lead white and blue verditer

Macroscopic x-ray fluorescence imaging spectroscopy (MA-XRF) and reflectance imaging spectroscopy (RIS) are important tools in the analysis of cultural heritage objects, both for conservation and art historical research purposes. The elemental and molecular distributions provided by MA-XRF and RIS respectively, are particularly useful for the identification and mapping of pigments in easel paintings. While MA-XRF has relatively established data processing methods based on modeling of the underlying physics, RIS data cannot be modeled with sufficient precision and its processing has considerable room for improvements. This work seeks to improve RIS data processing workflows in the short wavelength infrared range (SWIR, 1000–2500 nm) with a novel method that fits Gaussian profiles to pigment-specific absorption features, and we compare its performance to MA-XRF for the task of semi-quantitative pigment mapping, evaluating their limits of detection (LODs) and the matrix effects that affect their signals. Two pigments are considered in this work, lead white and blue verditer, which are mapped in SWIR RIS using the first overtone of -OH stretching of their primary compounds, hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) and azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2), at 1447 and 1497 nm respectively, and in MA-XRF using the Pb-L and Cu-K fluorescence signals. The methods are evaluated using two sets of custom-prepared paint samples, as well as a 16th-century painting, discussing the identification, mapping, and semi-quantitative analysis of the considered pigments. We found SWIR RIS to be a pigment-specific method with a longer linear range but inferior LODs and penetration depth when compared to MA-XRF, the latter is often not capable of discriminating between different pigments with identical elemental markers. We furthermore present a novel color scale that allows the simultaneous visualization of signals above and below a confidence limit.Team Matthias AlfeldMaterials Science and EngineeringTeam Raf Van de Pla

3D City Models and urban information: Current issues and perspectives

European COST Action TU0801.UrbanismArchitecture and The Built Environmen

3D City Models and urban information: Current issues and perspectives

European COST Action TU0801.UrbanismArchitecture and The Built Environmen