Knowledge, attitude and practicing behavior regarding antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among interns and postgraduates in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Irrational use of antimicrobials and inaccurate practicing behavior leads to the issue of antibiotic resistance. This can be tackled by spreading awareness with the assistance of future medical practitioners. Hence, the present study was taken to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practicing behavior regarding antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among interns and postgraduates.Methods: The study was conducted on interns and postgraduates in a tertiary care hospital. A standardized questionnaire was distributed to 120 participants and Ethical approval was taken before the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. For data comparisons, Chi-square tests were used, p≤0.05 is considered significant.Results: The study showed a majority in the 25 to 34 years of age group with female predominance. The subject of antibiotic resistance was moderately relevant to a majority, which highlighted a need for an increase in awareness workshops. The actual knowledge of respondents seems to be accurate in the study, a fair amount of attitude and practicing behavior was observed as well. A significant difference between the interns and postgraduates in knowledge (χ2=13.736, p=0.03), attitude (χ2=68.091, p=0.01), and practice (χ2=34.821, p=0.01) were noticed.Conclusions: Accurate knowledge and practicing behavior were observed in postgraduates and a fair attitude was observed in interns towards antimicrobial use and resistance. The awareness must be extended regarding this issue by conducting educational programs and by updating guidelines. Advancement in antibiotic prescribing pattern is required

THE EFFECTS OF GENTAMICIN-IMPREGNATED COLLAGEN SPONGE VERSUS GENTAMICIN-IMPREGNATED POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE BEADS IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOMYELITIS

Objective: The usage of antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads is regarded as the gold standard for local antibiotic delivery. However, the relatively new antibiotic-impregnated collagen sponge has multiple advantages over it. The objective of this study is to compare the measurable effects between gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge and gentamicin-impregnated (PMMA) beads in patients with osteomyelitis.Methods: This is a case–control study which involved 60 patients who were diagnosed with osteomyelitis between January 2014 and June 2015, and underwent first surgical debridement with application of either gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge (n=28) or gentamicin-impregnated PMMA beads (n=32). The numbers of debridement, trend of blood parameters, duration of hospitalization, and total duration of systemic antibiotic therapy needed to be completed were reviewed from the patients' file.Results: A total of 53 patients of 60 were diagnosed with osteomyelitis of the lower limbs, while the remaining seven were involving the upper limbs. The gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge group has significant lower reoperative rate (p<0.05) and also significant reduction of total white cell count in 6 weeks (p<0.05). The two groups showed no statistical difference in regard of duration of hospital admission, duration of systemic antibiotic therapy completed, and the reduction of C-reactive protein at 6 weeks post-debridement.Conclusion: This study reiterates the efficacy of gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge that results in lower reoperative rate as compared to conventional gentamicin-impregnated PMMA beads

INTAKE ANALYSIS ON FOUR-STROKE ENGINE USING CFD

Flow patterns are vital to ensure that the engine can produce high performance with the presence of swirl and tumble inside the cylinder. In this paper, the simulation of air is simulated in the software to predict the flow pattern using the steady state pressure based solver at two different planes in the engine domain. The domain used for the simulation is based on the actual engine parameters. Using the commercial CFD solver ANSYS FLUENT, the CFD simulation is run under five different piston positions and seven different engine speeds. Note that in this simulation, only intake strokes are simulated. The results show the velocity of the flow is high during the sweep as the intake stroke takes place. This situation is believed to produce more swirl and tumble during the compression, hence enhancing the burning rate in an entire region of the clearance volume. The result shows that both for plane A-A and plane B-B, the highest velocity vector occurs when the engine speed at 4500 rpm with piston position at 45 degree. This will initiate to the production of tumble and swirl in the engine cylinder

Effect of palm oil mill effluent supplementation on cellulase production from rice straw by local fungal isolates

In this study, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) was selected as supplement in rice straw fermentation to replace commercial inducer due to its high concentration of simple carbohydrate and nitrogenous compounds. The cellulase activity of the enzyme produced were then determined individually and combined (enzyme cocktail) to observe increment in cellulase activity. Individually, filter paperase (FPAse), carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and β-glucosidase activities increase for all 3 fungi used except FPAse for Aspergillus sp. (NEW). Highest FPAse and CMCase activities increment observed was from Phanerochaete chrysosporium which were 72 and 236% increment, respectively, while highest β-glucosidase activity was from Aspergillus terreus (AT) which was 298% increment. Meanwhile in cocktail cellulase, synergistic effect was observed especially for FPAse activity whereby highest FPAse activity observed was by cocktail of all the three species of fungi which show 393% increment. Though CMCase increment was observed in this mode, it was not as high as FPAse where the highest CMCase activity observed was cocktail by the three fungal species which increased by 41%. However, in β-glucosidase activity, only cocktail of NEW and AT showed increment from their average activity which was by 6%. It seems that β-glucosidase activity plays major role in determining the total cellulase activity. In the nutshell, supplementation of POME can improve cellulase activity

Performance Analysis of A Spark Ignition Engine Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as Fuel

AbstractCompress natural gas (CNG) is also considered as alternative fuel to produce better emission in a vehicle, but the main disadvantage of CNG in comparison to liquid fuel (gasoline) is the lack of power produced for the same capacity of engine. In this study, the single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine was selected in order to study the effect CNG into the spark ignition engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to study the performance of CNG and liquid fuel. The usage of sensor also applies to the test to extract the data during the ignition stage for liquid fuel and CNG. The heat generated by both types of fuel also had been extracted from the tested engine in order to define which usage of fuel would cause a higher heat transfer to the engine. From this study, the result showed that pressure inside cylinder for CNG is 20% less than gasoline. CNG fuel also produced 23% less heat transfer rate compared to gasoline. The results explained why CNG produced 18.5% lower power compared to liquid fuel (gasoline).So, some improvement needs to be done in order to use CNG as fuel

Trigger Hallux: A Rare Case of Stenosing Tenosynovitis of Flexor Hallucis Longus in a Ballet Dancer (Hallux Saltans)

Triggering of the big toe is an uncommon presentation. Here we present a case of a ballet dancer complaint of pain along the posteromedial aspect of the left ankle, associated with triggering of her big toe. To our knowledge, there have not been any reports on the above condition in our region. With changing of lifestyle and demand of the population, clinicians should be aware of this, therefore appropriate management and treatment can be given

Performance Analysis Of A Spark Ignition Engine Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) As Fuel

Compress natural gas (CNG) is also considered as alternative fuel to produce better emission in a vehicle, but the main disadvantage of CNG in comparison to liquid fuel (gasoline) is the lack of power produced for the same capacity of engine. In this study, the single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine was selected in order to study the effect CNG into the spark ignition engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to study the performance of CNG and liquid fuel. The usage of sensor also applies to the test to extract the data during the ignition stage for liquid fuel and CNG. The heat generated by both types of fuel also had been extracted from the tested engine in order to define which usage of fuel would cause a higher heat transfer to the engine. From this study, the result showed that pressure inside cylinder for CNG is 20% less than gasoline. CNG fuel also produced 23% less heat transfer rate compared to gasoline. The results explained why CNG produced 18.5% lower power compared to liquid fuel (gasoline).So, some improvement needs to be done in order to use CNG as fuel

Introduction to Spiritual Intelligence for Non-Muslim Students at a Higher Learning Institution

The overemphasis on science and technology for economic and national growth, driven by Western influence, has led to the neglect of the intrinsic value of spiritual and social dimensions in education. This issue undoubtedly affects non-Muslim students as well. To address this, the Department of Social Sciences at the Centre for Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, introduces and exposes non-Muslim students to the knowledge of spiritual intelligence. The aim of this study was to examine students’ self-understanding of spiritual intelligence based on test scores for elements of God consciousness, self-transcendence, and self-determination. A total of 209 first-year non-Muslim students participated in this study. Data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive analysis, mean rank comparison, and correlational analysis. The results from the descriptive analysis indicated that non-Muslim students understood all key concepts in spiritual intelligence. The mean rank comparison showed a significant difference only in the God consciousness element between Hindu students and others. Finally, correlation analysis revealed that all three variables positively correlated with each other. The findings of this study suggest the need to continue efforts to impart the knowledge of spiritual intelligence to non-Muslim students in higher education institutions to improve well-being within society, regardless of race and individual beliefs

Strategi belajar mengajar : penerapannya dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama

xii, 164 p.; 21c

New Design of a Low Cost Small Engine Dynamometer for Engine Testing

This paper discusses the design and development of a low cost small engine dynamometer for engine testing to measure engine performance i.e. power, torque and specific fuel consumption. The data and result were achieved by using a small hydraulic engine dynamometer with specific considerations and standard followed in order to have good engine dynamometer. Small engine was used by coupling it with the hydraulic pump that come with the control valve and pressure gauge. Control valve was set to build back pressure inside the pumping area. When the engine starts, the pressure gauge will give a reading which can be used to calculate the engine torque. By using the engine torque, engine power can be obtained by multiplying the angular speed with engine torque. Specific fuel consumption can be defined, by dividing the brake engine power with the fuel rate. From the experiment data, the brake power of the single cylinder engine showed that it is almost similar to the specification given by the manufacturer. The low cost hydraulic engine dynamometer, which is less than RM 15,000 can be used to measure an engine performance. The engine power, torque, engine speed and air fuel ratio data can be achieved from our developed engine dynamometer