Pharmacokinetic analysis and bioequivalence of Finasteride and Doxazosin formulated in a single tablet in comparison with the corresponding single agents

The most commonly agents used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in clinical practice are finasteride and doxazosin employed alone or in combination. Randomized clinical trials have shown that combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin is superior to finasteride alone or placebo. However, decreased patient compliance may lead to unsatisfactorily therapeutic results. The aim of this study was to assess whether the combined pharmacokinetic profile for both finasteride and doxazosin was not significantly altered when these agents were co-administered, in comparison with their use as single agents. This was a randomized 6 sequences and 3 periods, crossover, comparative study of three medications: finasteride (5 mg), doxazosin (2 mg) (references), and the fixed combination containing 5 mg of finasteride and 2 mg of doxazosin in a single tablet (test). Plasma samples obtained from 30 eligible subjects were analyzed simultaneously for finasteride and doxazosin by HPLC coupled to a LC-MS/MS having cyproterone acetate and terazosin as internal standards. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences for AUC0-72h (finasteride: 245.3±87.8 vs. test: 240.5±93.1 and doxazosin: 183.0±42.9 vs. test: 188.8±45.6 ng.h.mL-1), AUC0-∞ (finasteride: 247.4±92.1 vs. test:  40.47±93.1 and doxazosin: 190.3±44.3 vs. test: 188.8±45.6 ng.h.mL-1), and Cmax (finasteride: 34.2±7.1 vs. test: 29.9±6.2 and doxazosin: 16.3±3.6 vs. test: 14.9±3.3 ng/mL). The mean ratios of AUC0-72h/AUC0-∞ for finasteride and doxazosin were 99.99% and 99.98%, respectively, indicating that the sampling time was adequate for both drugs. In summary, the current pharmacokinetic study demonstrated bioequivalence between the single agents and the corresponding agents in combination and provided further evidence for the lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between finasteride and doxazosin

Testicular Torsion in the Scrotum of a Young Canine

Background: Testicular torsion is a rare condition in canines, affecting any animal, regardless of age and racial predisposition. The possible cause, when talking about young dogs, is often unreliable, and can be associated with traumatic processes or excessive physical activity. Dogs with spermatic cord twist usually show signs of acute and sudden pain in one of the testicles that can be propagated to the abdomen; besides edema, heat and scrotal flush. The absence of blood flow toward the affected testicle can be observed, however, the definitive diagnosis can only be confirmed through a surgical procedure or necropsy. This situation is considered a medical emergency that requires surgical intervention for resolutionand has treatment of choice bilateral orchiectomy. The objective of this study was to report the case of a testicular torsion inside the scrotal pouch of a young dog.Case: A 6-month-old male Poodle dog, weighing 6.40 kg, was attended at the Metropolitan Veterinary Polyclinic, located in the municipality of Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil. During anamnesis it was reported by the owner of the animal an suddenly increase in volume of the scrotal pouch and right testicle. The physical examination observed normal mucous membranes,lymphadenopathy, capillary refill time of 2 s, temperature of 39.2°C, heart rate of 72 beats per minute and 68 breaths per minute. Hematologic test was requested, creatinine, dosage of ALT and ultrasound as complementary exams. The result of hemogram presented thrombocytopenia (150,000/mm3) and the presence of giant platelets. Besides, a biochemical series presented no alterations. On the Doppler ultrasound, the right testicle proved to show loss of normal structure, enlarged scrotum, hyperechoic epididymal region with adjacent liquid and absence of local vascularization. Pre-scrotal orchiectomy was performed and an enlarged right testicle was observed with blackened coloration and torsion of spermatic cord, that, possibly resulted in ischemia and testicular necrosis. On that occasion, the testicle was displaced to the incision line and maintained until the previous incision in the tunica albuginea, spermatic fascia and tunica vaginalis, parietal and visceral, in this order. After the identification of the torsioned spermatic cord, a ligature was made in order to remove testicle. The process was accomplished in both testicles. The contralateral gonad was found without alterations. The patient returnedafter fifteen days of surgical procedure for evaluation and presented evident improvement of overall clinical overview and surgery recuperation.Discussion: In spite of the testicular torsion be more associated to cases of senile and criptorquid animals, the present overview occurred in a testicle located in the interior of the scrotal sac in an extremely young animal. This can be related to a rupture of scrotal ligament, due to trauma or excessive physical effort, which fits overall overview of the patient in evidence. This results as presented in this report, in venous heart attack with testicle and epidimo becoming enlarged, congestioned with necrosis points. The rapid establishment of therapeutical surgery of orquiectomy can avoid the patients’ instability and evolution of the overall clinical overview. The rarity in literature of the reports of testicle torsion at the clinic of small animals demonstrated the importance, need for further investigation and previous knowledge regarding the origin of the abnormality. The ultrasound and surgical treatment of orquiectomy demonstrated an alternative capable and efficient to produce a favorable prognostic of this report.Keywords: testicular dilatation, vascular rupture, ischemia, necrosis, orchiectomy

L’utilisation de la chambre d’isolement comme soin en psychiatrie adulte

L’utilisation de la chambre d’isolement dans un centre hospitalier psychiatrique a été évaluée systématiquement sur une période de quatre semaines. Environ 5% (n=32) des patients hospitalisés ont été placés en chambre d’isolement, la moitié lors des 24 heures suivant leur admission, l’autre moitié concernait des patients hospitalisés au long cours. Les deux principaux diagnostics étaient une schizophrénie (près de 50% des cas) et un retard mental (19%). Un traitement médicamenteux supplémentaire n’a été nécessaire que dans 44% des cas, majoritairement représenté par la loxapine. Le principal mode d’hospitalisation des patients placés en isolement était l’hospitalisation libre, ce qui soulevait des problèmes éthiques et légaux. Conclusion : la prévalence et le profil des patients placés en isolement à l’EPSAN diffère peu des autres études françaises. A la lumière des données issues de cette étude, plusieurs recommandations visant une diminution du recours à l’isolement sont présentées

Les modèles murins de schizophrénie

STRASBOURG-Medecine (674822101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les modèles murins de schizophrénie

STRASBOURG-Medecine (674822101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Responses to competition sensing in biofilms

status: publishe