Theoretical premises of a vibro-inertial method of viscosity measurement

In order to develop a compact precise device for studying the rheological properties of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in a wide range of pressures, temperatures and shear rates, in the present paper a new method and design of a vibro-inertial viscometer is presented. A simulation model was developed to calculate the flow of a viscous uncompressible fluid in a torus-shaped channel under the influence of vibration. The effect of boundary flow of low viscosity fluids is identified and the relationship between the vibrational frequency and main characteristics of the viscometer is shown

Brewster-angle measurements of sea-surface reflectance using a high resolution spectroradiometer

This paper describes the design, construction and testing of a ship-borne spectroradiometer based on an imaging spectrograph and cooled CCD array with a wavelength range of 350-800 nm and 4 nm spectral sampling. The instrument had a minimum spectral acquisition time of 0.1 s, but in practice data were collected over periods of 10 s to allow averaging of wave effects. It was mounted on a ship's superstructure so that it viewed the sea surface from a height of several metres at the Brewster angle (53 degrees) through a linear polarizing filter. Comparison of sea-leaving spectra acquired with the polarizer oriented horizontally and vertically enabled estimation of the spectral composition of sky light reflected directly from the sea surface. A semi-empirical correction procedure was devised for retrieving water-leaving radiance spectra from these measurements while minimizing the influence of reflected sky light. Sea trials indicated that reflectance spectra obtained by this method were consistent with the results of radiance transfer modelling of case 2 waters with similar concentrations of chlorophyll and coloured dissolved organic matter. Surface reflectance signatures measured at three locations containing blooms of different phytoplankton species were easily discriminated and the instrument was sufficiently sensitive to detect solar-stimulated fluorescence from surface chlorophyll concentrations down to 1 mg m−3

Movements of Two Rabid Raccoons, Procyon lotor, in Eastern Ontario

An adult female Raccoon Procyon lotor was captured about 3 km north of Mallorytown, Ontario, on 27 August 2004, as part of a government rabies control program. The animal was vaccinated against rabies, ear-tagged and released, and recaptured the next day 1.7 km south of the initial capture location. Upon recapture, the Raccoon had porcupine quills in its facial area and seemed agitated and was submitted for rabies testing. It was confirmed as rabies positive on 31 August 2004, by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Similarly, a juvenile male raccoon was captured, ear-tagged, vaccinated, and released near Junetown, Ontario (about 4 km NW of the other rabid Raccoon) on 5 September 2004. It was found dying in a residential window well on 22 September 2004, 700 meters from the original capture location. It was diagnosed as rabid on 23 September 2004

Identifying moderators of brand attachment for driving customer purchase intention of original vs counterfeits of luxury brands

Few studies have examined the relationships between brands and consumers in the context of counterfeiting. In this context, this research aims to explore how the attachment of a consumer with a luxury brand can affect her/his decision to buy counterfeits, and how this relates to her/his public self-consciousness. Two survey based studies were conducted among potential counterfeit buyers in Brazil. Innovatively, this research provides convincing implications for the need to differentiate counterfeiting theory between emerging and developed economies. Evidence of the positive impact of actual self-congruence and ideal self-congruence on brand attachment to luxury brands in emerging economies is provided. Interestingly, the results demonstrate that the purchase of counterfeits is a more hedonic process compared to the purchase of originals (study 1). Moreover, the effect of brand attachment on the willingness to buy counterfeits may vary according to how attachment is measured (study 2). Producing increments in the emotional brand attachment level can reduce the behavioral intentions of purchasing counterfeits. Hence, the findings suggest that the creation of emotional links with brands can be an appropriate strategy to reduce counterfeiting

Fast Singular Oscillating Limits and Global Regularity for the 3D Primitive Equations of Geophysics

Fast singular oscillating limits of the three-dimensional "primitive" equations of geophysical fluid flows are analyzed. We prove existence on infinite time intervals of regular solutions to the 3D "primitive" Navier-Stokes equations for strong stratification (large stratification parameter N). This uniform existence is proven for periodic or stress-free boundary conditions for all domain aspect ratios, including the case of three wave resonances which yield nonlinear "$2\frac{1}{2}$ dimensional" limit equations for N → +∞; smoothness assumptions are the same as for local existence theorems, that is initial data in Hα, α ≥ 3/4. The global existence is proven using techniques of the Littlewood-Paley dyadic decomposition. Infinite time regularity for solutions of the 3D "primitive" Navier-Stokes equations is obtained by bootstrapping from global regularity of the limit resonant equations and convergence theorems

Beauty Premiums Among Academics

This paper examines the effects of instructors’ attractiveness on student evaluations of their teaching. We build on previous studies by holding both observed and unobserved characteristics of the instructor and classes constant. Our identification strategy exploits the fact that many instructors, in addition to traditional teaching in the classroom, also teach in the online environment, where attractiveness is either unknown or less salient. We utilize multiple attractiveness measures, including facial symmetry software, subjective evaluations, and a novel, proxy methodology that resembles a “Keynesian Beauty Contest.” We identify a substantial beauty premium in face-to-face classes for women but not for men. While gender on its own does not impact teaching evaluation scores, female instructors rated as more attractive receive higher instructional ratings. This result holds across several beauty measures, given a multitude of controls and while controlling for unobserved instructor characteristics and skills. Notably, the positive relationship between beauty and teaching effectiveness is not found in the online environment, suggesting the observed premium may be due to discrimination

A Photochemical Strategy for Carbon Isotope Exchange with CO 2

International audienceA photocatalytic approach for carbon isotope exchange is reported. Utilizing [ 13 C]CO2 and [ 14 C]CO2 as primary C1 sources, this protocol allows the insertion of the desired carbon isotope into phenyl acetic acids without the need of structural modifications or prefunctionalization, in one single step. The exceptionally mild conditions required for this traceless transformation are in stark contrast with previous methods requiring the use of harsh thermal conditions

Pan-Arctic optical characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter: Tracing dissolved organic carbon in changing Arctic waters using satellite ocean color data

International audienceLight absorption of the colored fraction of dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is a dominant optical component of the Arctic Ocean (AO). Here we show Pan-Arctic characteristics of CDOM light absorption for various Arctic regions covering both coastal and oceanic waters during the Tara Oceans Polar Circle expedition. The Siberian (or eastern) side of the AO is characterized by higher CDOM absorption values compared to the North American (or western) side. This is due to the difference in watersheds between the eastern and western sides of the AO and is consistent with an Arctic absorption database recently built by Matsuoka et al. (2014). A direct comparison between in situ and satellite data demonstrates that CDOM absorption is derived Arctic-wide from satellite ocean color data with an average uncertainty of 12% (root mean square error of 0.3 m − 1) using our previously published algorithm. For river-influenced coastal waters, we found a single and highly significant relationship between concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and CDOM absorption (r 2 > 0.94) covering major Arctic river mouths. By applying this in situ relationship to satellite-derived CDOM absorption, DOC concentrations in the surface waters are estimated for river-influenced coastal waters with an average uncertainty of 28%. Implications for the monitoring of DOC concentrations in Arctic coastal waters are discussed

A Photochemical Strategy for Carbon Isotope Exchange with CO2

A novel photocatalytic approach for carbon isotope exchange is reported. Utilizing [13C]CO2 as primary C1 sources, this protocol allows the insertion of the desired carbon isotope into phenyl acetic acids without the need of structural modifications or pre-functionalization, in one single step. The exceptionally mild conditions required for this traceless transformation are in stark contrast with previous methods requiring the use of harsh thermal conditions