egacidades: contexto, mudanças climáticas e o desafio da sustentabilidade urbana

This article offers a brief theoretical review of three academic and political positions to intervene in cities, in light of the needs and challenges posed by Climate Change and Urban Sustainability: Urban Containment, Creation of Spaces and Urban Acupuncture. In this way, it is interesting to know the scope, limitations, convergences and divergences of such positions, to generate debate against the current needs that the planning of Megacities shows. The article ends with some reflections on the challenges of Climate Change and Urban Sustainability.El presente artículo ofrece una breve revisión teórica de tres posturas académicas y políticas para hacer intervención en las ciudades, a la luz de las necesidades y retos que platean el Cambio Climático y la Sostenibilidad Urbana: Contención Urbana, Creación de Espacios y Acupuntura Urbana. De esta manera, interesa conocer los alcances, limitaciones, convergencias y divergencias de tales posturas, para generar debate frente a las necesidades actuales que muestra la planificación de las Megaciudades. El artículo finaliza con algunas reflexiones en torno a los retos que implica el Cambio Climático y la Sostenibilidad Urbana.Este artigo oferece uma breve revisão teórica de três posições acadêmicas e políticas para intervir nas cidades, tendo em vista as necessidades e os desafios impostos pelas mudanças climáticas e sustentabilidade urbana: contenção urbana, criação de espaços e acupuntura urbana. Dessa forma, é interessante conhecer o alcance, as limitações, as convergências e as divergências de tais posições, para gerar um debate diante das necessidades atuais que o planejamento das Megacidades mostra. O artigo termina com algumas reflexões sobre os desafios das mudanças climáticas e da sustentabilidade urbana

Procesos y lógicas de las urbanizaciones cerradas en áreas metropolitanas: Bogotá, Colombia y Buenos Aires, Argentina

Abstract: The present article makes a brief tour of the logics and processes around one of the phenomena of land occupation most widespread in the Latin American cities –Closed Urbanizations (UC)–, landed in the metropolitan areas of Bogota and Buenos Aires. In this sense, we seek to uncover the peculiarities and similarities in the installation of this real estate product and its possible impact on the configuration of two metropolis, read through three dimensions (population growth, UC installation and urban configuration). ___Keywords: Closed urbanizations, metropolitan areas, Latin American city. ___Resumen: El presente artículo hace un breve recorrido por las lógicas y procesos en torno a uno de los fenómenos de ocupación del suelo más difundidos en las ciudades latinoamericanas –Urbanizaciones Cerradas (UC) –, aterrizado en las áreas metropolitanas de Bogotá y Buenos Aires. En este sentido, se busca develar las particularidades y similitudes en la instalación de ese producto inmobiliario y su posible incidencia en la configuración de dos metrópolis, leído a través de tres dimensiones (crecimiento poblacional, instalación de UC y configuración urbana). ___Palabras clave: Urbanizaciones cerradas, áreas metropolitanas, ciudad latinoamericana. ___Recibido: 31 de Julio de 2016. Aceptado: 5 Septiembre de 2016.Resumen: El presente artículo hace un breve recorrido por las lógicas y procesos en torno a uno de los fenómenos de ocupación del suelo más difundidos en las ciudades latinoamericanas –Urbanizaciones Cerradas (UC) –, aterrizado en las áreas metropolitanas de Bogotá y Buenos Aires. En este sentido, se busca develar las particularidades y similitudes en la instalación de ese producto inmobiliario y su posible incidencia en la configuración de dos metrópolis, leído a través de tres dimensiones (crecimiento poblacional, instalación de UC y configuración urbana). ___Palabras clave: Urbanizaciones cerradas, áreas metropolitanas, ciudad latinoamericana. ___Abstract: The present article makes a brief tour of the logics and processes around one of the phenomena of land occupation most widespread in the Latin American cities –Closed Urbanizations (UC)–, landed in the metropolitan areas of Bogota and Buenos Aires. In this sense, we seek to uncover the peculiarities and similarities in the installation of this real estate product and its possible impact on the configuration of two metropolis, read through three dimensions (population growth, UC installation and urban configuration). ___Keywords: Closed urbanizations, metropolitan areas, Latin American city. ___Recibido: 31 de Julio de 2016. Aceptado: 5 Septiembre de 2016

Floristic checklist from the hills La Cantera and Delgado, Jantetelco, Morelos, Mexico

Antecedentes y Objetivos: A pesar del intenso trabajo florístico y taxonómico que se ha realizado en el estado de Morelos, aún hay áreas poco exploradas. En este estudio se presenta el inventario florístico de las plantas vasculares que crecen en los cerros La Cantera y Delgado, localizados dentro de la zona arqueológica de Chalcatzingo, municipio Jantetelco, Morelos, México. Métodos: Para la realización del trabajo, durante los años 2014 a 2017 se hicieron salidas de campo para recolectar ejemplares fértiles, los cuales fueron secados y posteriormente identificados con claves especializadas. La determinación taxonómica se verificó con material de herbario, y en algunos casos fue confirmada por especialistas. Resultados clave: En total se registraron 85 familias, 285 géneros, 434 especies con 27 categorías infraespecíficas de plantas vasculares. Las eudicotiledóneas fueron el grupo más diverso con 66 familias, 210 géneros y 305 especies, seguidas por las monocotiledóneas con diez familias, 57 géneros y 100 especies, las pteridofitas con ocho familias, 15 géneros y 25 especies y las magnoliides con tres familias, tres géneros y cuatro especies. También se reportan nueve nuevos registros a nivel específico para el estado. Conclusiones: La zona de estudio alberga 42.7% de las familias, 26.6% de los géneros y 12.4% de las especies registradas hasta el momento para Morelos, lo que confirma la importancia no solo cultural, sino también biológica del sitio, y pone de manifiesto la necesidad de continuar con la exploración botánica en esta parte de Morelos.Background and Aims: Despite the intense floristic and taxonomic work in Morelos state, there are still some little explored areas. In this study afloristic inventory of vascular plants is presented from the hills Delgado and La Cantera, located at the archeological zone of Chalcatzingo, in the municipality of Jantetelco, Morelos, Mexico.Methods: In order to carry out the work, during the years 2014 to 2017, fieldwork was conducted to collect fertile specimens, which were driedand later identified with specialized keys. The taxonomic identification was verified with herbarium specimens, and in some cases was confirmed byspecialists.Key results: A total of 85 families, 285 genera, 434 species with 27 infraspecific categories of vascular plants were recorded. Eudicots were the mostdiverse group with 66 families, 210 genera and 305 species, followed by monocots with ten families, 57 genera and 100 species, the pteridophyteswith eigth families, 15 genera and 25 species and the magnoliids with three family, three genus and four species. In addition, nine new records arealso reported at a specific level for the state.Conclusions: The study area records 42.7% of the families, 26.6% of the genera and 12.4% of the species registered so far from Morelos, which confirms the cultural and biological importance of this site and highlights the need to continue with the botanical exploration in this part of Morelos

Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial

Aims The objective of the Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT) was to determine whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, would improve post-discharge outcomes in patients with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) with reduced ejection fraction. Pre-specified subgroup analyses suggested potential heterogeneity in post-discharge outcomes with aliskiren in patients with and without baseline diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and results ASTRONAUT included 953 patients without DM (aliskiren 489; placebo 464) and 662 patients with DM (aliskiren 319; placebo 343) (as reported by study investigators). Study endpoints included the first occurrence of cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 and 12 months, all-cause death within 6 and 12 months, and change from baseline in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 1, 6, and 12 months. Data regarding risk of hyperkalaemia, renal impairment, and hypotension, and changes in additional serum biomarkers were collected. The effect of aliskiren on cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 months (primary endpoint) did not significantly differ by baseline DM status (P = 0.08 for interaction), but reached statistical significance at 12 months (non-DM: HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99; DM: HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47; P = 0.03 for interaction). Risk of 12-month all-cause death with aliskiren significantly differed by the presence of baseline DM (non-DM: HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94; DM: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33; P < 0.01 for interaction). Among non-diabetics, aliskiren significantly reduced NT-proBNP through 6 months and plasma troponin I and aldosterone through 12 months, as compared to placebo. Among diabetic patients, aliskiren reduced plasma troponin I and aldosterone relative to placebo through 1 month only. There was a trend towards differing risk of post-baseline potassium ≥6 mmol/L with aliskiren by underlying DM status (non-DM: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.71-1.93; DM: HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.30-4.42; P = 0.07 for interaction). Conclusion This pre-specified subgroup analysis from the ASTRONAUT trial generates the hypothesis that the addition of aliskiren to standard HHF therapy in non-diabetic patients is generally well-tolerated and improves post-discharge outcomes and biomarker profiles. In contrast, diabetic patients receiving aliskiren appear to have worse post-discharge outcomes. Future prospective investigations are needed to confirm potential benefits of renin inhibition in a large cohort of HHF patients without D

Espacio y territorios: razón, pasión e imaginarios

En este caleidoscopio de acercamientos hacia lo espacial y territorial, las visiones se mueven desde aquellas románticas y existencialistas, pasando por aquellas objetivistas y positivistas, hasta las estructuralistas y postestructuralistas. Por el espacio y el territorio se interesan con enfoques diversos numerosas disciplinas, desde la psicología, la etología o la literatura, y las ciencias naturales como la biología o la ecología, hasta las ciencias sociales y políticas, como la geografía, la antropología, la economía y la sociología. Este interés multidisciplinario demuestra la importancia y la complejidad del tema espacial y territorial, y reclama la necesidad de su estudio y comprensión interdisciplinarios, como se intenta con esta publicación

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Estudio de casos de la gestión urbanística en urbanizaciones cerradas en Chía-Colombia

This research selects two gated communities –GC– installed in Chia-Colombia in order to analyze through case studies, urban management –UM– that local government had front this individual urban phenomenon in comparative perspective of the 1990s and 2000. Thus, interested in knowing the convergences and divergences in the urban management, for which two gated communities were selected at the discretion of pairing cases –Condominio Santa Ana de Chia and Hacienda el Fontanar respectively– and three analytical dimensions: Physical and urban aspects, Social appropriation of project and Taxation and regulatory and institutional framework. The text ends with some reflections on the lessons that leaves the urban management conducted in both gated communities and proposed adjustments to improve existing instruments. La presente investigación selecciona dos urbanizaciones cerradas –UC– instaladas en el municipio de Chía-Colombia con el fin de analizar mediante el estudio de casos, la gestión urbanística –GU– realizada desde las instancias locales de gobierno frente al fenómeno urbanístico particular, en perspectiva comparativa de las décadas de 1990 y 2000. De esta manera, interesa conocer las convergencias y divergencias en cuanto a la gestión urbanística, para lo cual se seleccionaron dos UC según el criterio de emparejamiento de casos –Condominio Santa Ana de Chía y Hacienda el Fontanar respectivamente– y tres dimensiones analíticas: Aspectos físicos y urbanísticos, Apropiación social del emprendimiento, y Fiscalidad y marco normativo e institucional. El texto finaliza con algunas reflexiones en torno a los aprendizajes que deja la gestión urbanística llevada a cabo en las dos urbanizaciones cerradas y presenta propuestas de ajustes para mejorar los instrumentos existentes