BIOACTIVITY SCREENING OF SPONGES COLLECTED FROM BUNAKEN, MENADO BY Brine Shrimp Lethality Test AGAINST Artemia salina Leach

Indonesia is one of the countries rich of natural resources. Sponges are marine invertebrates widely found in Indonesia and known to have various bioactive compounds with unique chemical structures. This study was aimed to screen potentially bioactive extracts of sponges collected from Bunaken and identify on their toxicity level against larva Artemia salina Leach. Samples were macerated using acetone followed by partition using chloroform and methanol. The extracts were prepared at the concentration of 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/ml and their toxicity was tested using Brine shrimp Lethality Test. LC50 (mg/ml) of the extracts was calculated using probit analysis. From the 4 extracts tested, all of them showed toxicity to larva Artemia. Chloroform extract of MD-02 was found to be the most toxic with the LC50 of 48.15 mg/ml and considered as a potential candidate for new drug research. Further characterization is still needed for the development in the future. This active sponge was then identified as Petrosia sp.Key words: sponges, Bunaken, bioactivity, Artemia salina Leac

Purification and characterization of anti-multidrug resistances bacteria from actinomycetes associated sponge

Actinomycetes  are   one  kind  of  the  microorganisms  that  very  important producer  of   secondary  metabolites  for  drugs.Active substances  of  microbial origin  have  been  searched   through  a  series  of  screening  methos  to   obtain novel  compounds  and  strains.  The  purpose  of  this  research  was  to  characterize the  antibacterial  coumpound   from  actinomycetes  associated  sponge  and identification  of  actinomycetes  base  on  morfology  and  fisiology  characteristic. Isolation of actinomycetes from sponge were done bypour and spreap plate. A total  of   actinomycetes  strain  were  isolated  from  sponges  collected   at  Barrang Lompo  island,  Makassar,  South  Sulawesi,   Indonesia. One of  them  showed strong   activity  against  antibiotic  resistant  bacteria   with  concentration 0.0195µg.  Characterisation  of  antimicrobial  coumpound  base  on  IR  spectrum determined  derivate  of  carboxylic   acid.  The  result obtained  from  the morphological  and  physiological  characterisation,  determined  the  strain  a Streptomyces spKey words: sponges, actinomycetes, secondary metabolic, bacteria resista

Toksisitas Akut ???Tea Bag??? Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita Linn.) Pada Mencit (Mus musculus) Galur Bal/C Sebagai Prototipe Sediaan Fitofarmaka

Penggunaan bahan alam, baik sebagai obat maupun tujuan lain cenderung meningkat, terlebih dengan adanya slogan back to nature. Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita Linn.) merupakan tanaman obat yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai fitofarmaka Indonesia yang telah dibuat sediaan ???Tea Bag???. Agar diketahui batas keamanannya maka perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas akut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan LD50 ???Tea Bag??? paliasa serta mengkaji kondisi histopatologi hati, ginjal, jantung dan lambung setelah pengujian. Mencit galur Bal/C sebanyak 70 ekor dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok. Tiap kelompok 10 ekor terdiri atas 5 jantan dan 5 betina. Kelompok I diberi dosis 179 mg/kg BB, kelompok II diberi dosis 358 mg/kg BB, kelompok III diberi dosis 537 mg/kg BB, kelompok IV diberi dosis 716 mg/kg BB, kelompok V diberi dosis 895 mg/kg BB, kelompok VI 1074 mg/kg BB dan kelompok VII diberi aquades (kontrol negatif). Semua mencit diamati ada tidaknya kematian pada 24 jam pertama serta munculnya perubahan otonom gejala toksik yang diamati meliputi penurunan aktifitas gerak, peningkatan laju pernafasan, kejang, urinasi, diare, salivasi dan kelumpuhan yang diamati selama 14 hari dan diakhir penelitian dilakukan pengamatan histopatologi organ hati, ginjal, jantung dan lambung. Pada pengamatan 24 jam pertama tidak ditemukan kematian dan perubahan efek otonom pada hewan uji mencit. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan hasil histopatologis tidak ada kelainan patologis pada semua pemeriksaan hati, ginjal, jantung dan lambung. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ???Tea Bag??? paliasa aman untuk dikonsumsi hingga 1074 mg/kg BB atau setara dengan 6x dosis

Chemopreventive properties of curcumin analogues, hexagamavunone-0 and gamavutone-0, in rat colorectal cancer model

Purpose: To examine the chemopreventive activity of curcumin analogues, hexagamavunone-0 (HGV- 0) and gamavutone-0 (GVT-0), compared to curcumin in a colorectal cancer model in Wistar rats.Methods: Rats (n = 25) were assigned to one of five groups (n = 5 in each group). Colorectal cancer was induced in the control group with subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 60 mg/kg once a week for 15 weeks. In addition to DMH injection, treatment groups were treated with curcumin (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg), gamavutone-0 (GVT-0; 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg), and hexagamavunone (HGV-0; 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg) orally twice a week for 15 weeks. The number and volume of nodules in the colorectal area were observed after laparatomy. Histopathological analysis was performed using H & E staining and immunohistochemistry with antibodies against adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2).Results: All treatments reduced colorectal nodule volume, but only HGV-0 significantly decreased the numbers of nodules compared to DMH controls (p < 0.05). The reduction was 96.1 % with 40 mg/kg HGV-0. Mutated APC expression was inhibited by curcumin, GVT-0, and HGV-0 at a dose of 40 mg/kg, whereas COX-2 expression was mostly inhibited by HGV-0 (20 and 40 mg/kg) and curcumin to a lesser extent, but not inhibited by GVT-0 treatment in rat colorectal cancer.Conclusion: HGV-0 showed superior chemoprevention compared to GVT-0 and curcumin. HGV-0 at a dose of 40 mg/kg significantly reduced the number and volume of colorectal nodules. The mechanism of chemoprevention of HGV-0 is related to its inhibition of APC mutation and COX-2 expression.Keywords: Curcumin, Gamavutone-0, Hexagamavunone-0, Colorectal cancer, Adenomatous polyposis coli, Cyclooxygenase-

MOLECULAR MODELING OF VITEOSIN-A, A TRACHEOSPASMOLYTIC COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM N-HEXANE EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF Vitex Trifolia L.

Viteosin-A, a tracheospasmolytic compound, was successfully isolated from n-hexane extract of the leaves of Vitex trifolia L. With the concentration of 0.05 and 0.15 mg/ml viteosin-A inhibited a guinea pig tracheal contraction due to histamine (10-7 – 10-3 M) in vitro by 27.1 and 47.9 %, respectively. Confirmation of C-5 and C-6 configuration is necessary to determine the active reaction site of viteosin-A and its receptor for future development. This research was focused on a molecular modeling of viteosin-A using computational method with HyperChem Pro 4.0 for Windows as software. Based on spectroscopic data and molecular modeling, viteosin-A has S configuration at C-5 and C-6, and therefore was confirmed as (5S,10S)-6S-acetoxy-8R-methyl-9-hidroxy-labda-13Z-en-16,15-olide.Keywords: viteosin-A, molecular modelin

Cytotoxicity testing of alkaloid compounds isolated from sponge Petrosia sp: its potency for development of anticancer agent

Cancer is still a major problem and common cause of death around the world. Various therapeutic agents have been developed to fight against cancer, but none of these agents give satisfactory results and without debilitating side effects. A number of researches have been conducted to search anticancer compounds with renewed vigour.Sponges, marine invertebrates, are known as rich sources of compounds which pronounced pharmacological activities. The aims of this study are to determine cytotoxic effect of two toxic compounds isolated from chloroform fraction of Petrosia sp sponges collected from Bunaken on myeloma cells.The two toxic compounds were isolated based on bioassay guidedisolation on brine shrimp larvae. Isolation was conducted using column chromatography followed by preparative TLC. Cytotoxic effect of the two compounds was conducted in 96 well plate using RPMI 1640 as medium. The number of viable cells was determined using MTT assay and LC50 (μg/mL) of the compounds was analysed using probit analysis.The results showed that the two compounds were alkaloid and toxic to larva A. salina with LC50 of 7.23 (compound 1) and 5.69 μg/mL (compound 2). These compounds were also toxic to myeloma cells with LC50 values of 16.95 μg/mL (compound 1) and 18.8 μg/mL (compound 2). The longer the incubation time, the compounds were more toxic as showed by the lower LC50 values .Key words: cytotoxic, Petrosia sp, Artemia salina Leach, myelom

AKTIVITAS ANTIMITOSIS HASIL FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK KLOROFORM SPONS Siphanocalina sp TERHADAP SEL ZIGOT BULU BABI Tripneustus gratilla Linn.

Kanker merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan karena ketidaknormalan pertumbuhan sel. Resistensi sel kanker pada beberapa jenis obat kanker serta efek samping obat yang begitu besar terhadap sel normal merupakan masalah dalam pengobatan kanker. Hal ini mendorong para peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian guna penemuan obat antikanker baru. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan biota laut yang diperoleh dari perairan di Sulawesi Selatan yaitu spons Siphanocalina sp yang  bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimitosis dari hasil fraksinasi ekstrak kloroform spons  Siphanocalina sp. terhadap sel zigot Tripneustus gratilla Linn dan mengetahui golongan komponen kimia yang berperan dalam aktivitas antimitosis tersebut. Pengujian aktivitas antimitosis menggunakan sel zigot yang diperoleh dengan  pembuahan sel telur dan sperma Tripneustus gratilla Linn yang dilakukan secara invitro. Sel zigot kemudian diberi perlakuan fraksi-fraksi hasil fraksinasi ekstrak kloroform dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/ml . Fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terbesar selanjutnya dilarutkan dengan pelarut etil asetat sehingga diperoleh subfraksi larut etil asetat dan tidak larut etil asetat. Selanjutnya, uji aktivitas  subfraksi larut etil asetat dan tidak larut etil asetat dilakukan dengan konsentrasi 1, 10, dan 100 µg/ml. Pembelahan sel diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya setelah 2 jam inkubasi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa fraksi tidak larut etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antimitosis yang kuat dengan nilai IC 50 15,14 µg/ml. Kontrol positif yang digunakan yaitu vinkristin dengan IC50 sebesar 0,183  µg/ml. Hasil identifikasi menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis menunjukkan bahwa golongan senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas antimitosis pada fraksi tidak larut etil asetat spons Siphanocalina sp  diduga golongan alkaloida

Screening And Tlc-bioautography Analysis Of Antimicrobial Compounds From Some Sponge Extracts Originated From Barrang Lompo Sea Island, South Sulawesi

Sponges is one of the invertebrate Porifera phyla that produce active compounds with various structures and one of the biological activity as antimicrobial. The purpose of this research was to find out the sponge extracts that can inhibit microbial growth and potential of antimicrobial active compounds from sponge at Barrang Lompo Island. The microbes used were Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The sponge extracts were obtained by maceration 14 sponge samples with methanol, followed by partition using chloroform and methanol, then TLC-bioautography toward the active extract. The results showed that methanol extracts of sponge with code BRLP-009 and 010 have the most potential effect as antimicrobial agent

Sinergitas Aktivitas Antibakteri Dari Kelopak Bunga Rosella Dan Kitosan Terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus: Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Roselle Calyx and Chitosan Against Staphylococcus Aureus

Currently, the antibacterial research is increasingly promoted primarily from natural materials, due to the increasing number of pathogenic bacteria that have been resistant to existing antibiotics. One of the pathogenic bacteria that has been much resistant to antibiotics is Staphylococcus aureus. Rosella calyx (Hibiscus sabdariffa  L.) and chitosan are known to have antibacterial activity. The aim of this study to find out the antibacterial synergy of the  roselle calyx extract and chitosan against. S.aureus ATCC 33592. Rosella calyx was extracted by maceration using 80 %  ethanol, while chitosan is obtained from deasetilation chitin of shrimp husk. Test antibacterial synergism using checkboard assay method by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)  using microdilution assay. The results showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of roselle calyx extract and chitosan were 1250 ppm and 50 ppm, respectively.  MIC value of rosella calyx extract in the presence of chitosan was 625 ppm, while the value of MIC chitosan in the presence of rosella calyx extract was < 0.19 ppm. Fractional Inhibition Concentration Index (FICI) was < 0.5 which concluded that the combination of roselle calyx extract with chitosan has a synergistic antibacterial effect on S.aureus ATCC 33592

Skrining Komponen Kimia Dan Uji Aktivitas Mukolitik Ekstrak Rimpang Bangle (Zingiber purpureum Roxb.)Terhadap Mukosa Usus Sapi Secara In Vitro

Penelitian tentang skrining komponen kimia dan uji aktivitas mukolitik dari ekstrak rimpang bangle (Zingiber purpureum Roxb.) telah dilakukan. Uji aktivitas mukolitik dilakukan berdasarkan atas penurunan nilai viskositas mukus yang diukur dengan viskometer Brookfiled spindle nomor 3 menggunakan mukus usus sapi. Ekstraksi rimpang bangle (Zingiber purpureum Roxb.) dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan dua pelarut yaitu hexan dan etanol 70 %. Kedua ekstrak diuji efek mukolitiknya dan didapatkan bahwa ekstrak yang paling aktif adalah ekstrak n-heksan. Selanjutnya ekstrak n-heksan difraksinasi dengan metode Kromatografi cair vakum (KCV) menghasilkan 3 fraksi gabungan dan diuji aktivitas mukolitiknya hingga diperoleh fraksi yang mengandung komponen aktif mukolitik. Fraksi I merupakan fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas mukolitik yang paling baik dengan efek mukolitik sebesar 88,56 % untuk konsentrasi 0,5 % b/v dan 93,46 % untuk konsentrasi 1 % b/v dibanding dengan kontrol positif asetilsistein dengan 50 mg/mL. fraksi I mengandung golongan senyawa terpenoid berdasarkan deteksi bercak menggunakan berbagai reagen semprot