The Association between Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization and Dental Caries with Socioeconomic Status as an Explanatory Variable in a Group of Finnish Children

The aim of this study was to investigate if a developmental enamel defect known as Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is associated with dental caries. Socioeconomic status (SES) was examined as a confounding factor between caries and MIH. In this cross-sectional study, 636 children, aged 8 to 13 years, from three towns (two rural areas and one urban area) in Finland were examined for MIH in line with the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Caries status for permanent teeth was recorded as decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). Caries experience (DMFT > 0) in the first permanent molars (FPMs) was set as an outcome. SES was determined using a questionnaire completed by parents. The prevalence of MIH was 18.1%. The mean DMFT in FPMs for children with MIH was higher than for their peers, 1.03 +/- 1.25 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.80 (p = 0.000, Mann-Whitney U test). In a multivariate analysis using the generalized linear mixed model where locality, SES, age and MIH were taken into account as caries risk indicators, MIH was the strongest risk indicator of caries in FPMs (Odds Ratio: 6.60, 95% Confidence Interval: 3.83-11.39, p = 0.000). According to the study results, children with MIH have a higher risk for dental caries than children without MIH.Peer reviewe

Candidate Gene Analysis of Tooth Agenesis Identifies Novel Mutations in Six Genes and Suggests Significant Role for WNT and EDA Signaling and Allele Combinations

Peer reviewe

Dental staining after doxycycline use in children

Background: The use of doxycycline has been avoided before 8 years of age due to known dental staining caused by tetracyclines, although doxycycline differs from classical tetracyclines in many ways. Doxycycline is still an important antimicrobial agent, but its dental safety is not well studied. Objectives: To examine the state of permanent teeth after doxycycline exposure in children,8 years of age. Methods: Details of doxycycline treatment were collected from medical records. After the eruption of permanent teeth the dental status was examined by an experienced paediatric dentist for detection of dental staining and enamel hypoplasia. The resulting dental photographs were evaluated by a second independent experienced paediatric dentist. Results: The mean age of 38 study subjects at the time of doxycycline treatment was 4.7 years (range 0.6-7.9 years, SD 2.3). The doxycycline dose was 10 mg/kg/day (varying from 8 to 10 mg/kg/day) for the first 2-3 days and 5mg/kg/day (varying from 2.5 to 10mg/kg/day) thereafter. The mean length of the treatment was 12.5days (SD 6.0) and ranged from 2 to 28 days. Tetracycline-like staining or enamel hypoplasia of developing teeth was detected in none of the subjects. Conclusions: Doxycycline treatment of small children does not seem to induce permanent tooth staining.Peer reviewe

”Taikun kautta mä oon huomannut, että kyllä mussa jotakin hyvää löytyy.” : nuorten osallisuuden kokemuksia Limingan kunnan Taiku nuorten taitopajassa

Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kuvailla Limingan Taiku nuorten taitopajan asiakkaiden kokemuksia heidän osallisuudestaan työpajatoiminnassa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli antaa nuorille mahdollisuus tulla kuulluksi ja pohtia omaan osallisuuteensa vaikuttavia seikkoja sekä tuottaa tietoa Limingan kunnalle ja Taiku nuorten taitopajan ohjaajille tueksi työpajatoiminnan kehittämiseen. Tutkimuskysymyksenä oli ”Millaisia ovat nuorten osallisuuden kokemukset työpajatoiminnassa?” Opinnäytetyön tietoperusta käsittelee osallisuuden käsitettä keskittyen nuorten sosiaaliseen osallisuuteen, osallisuuden rakentumiseen sekä edistämiseen. Opinnäytetyö on kvalitatiivinen eli laadullinen tutkimus, jonka aineiston keruumenetelmänä käytettiin puolistrukturoitua teemahaastattelua. Haastattelut toteutettiin yksilöhaastatteluina. Tutkimuksessa haastateltiin viittä nuorta, jotka olivat olleet mukana Taiku nuorten taitopajan toiminnassa vähintään puolen vuoden ajan. Analysointimenetelmänä tutkimuksessa käytettiin teemoittelua. Tulosten mukaan nuoret kokivat tulleensa kuulluksi hyvin ja pystyneensä vaikuttamaan toiminnan suunnitteluun sekä siihen, mihin toimintaan haluavat osallistua. Nuoret näkivät tärkeänä kokemusten jakamisen samankaltaisissa elämätilanteissa olevien kanssa ja yhdessä toimiminen koettiin mielekkäänä. Taikun tarjoama sosiaalinen vahvistaminen näyttäytyi laaja-alaisena. Nuoret saivat monimuotoista tukea arjenhallintataitoihin liittyen. Keskeisenä johtopäätöksenä on, että Limingan kunnan Taiku nuorten taitopajan toimintaan osallistuminen on tukenut nuorten osallisuutta. Nuorten osallisuutta yksilötasolla vahvisti ohjaajilta saatu tuki ja ohjaus. Nuorten kokema osallisuus yhteisössä toteutui yhdessä tekemisen sekä vertaistuen kautta

Panoramic radiographs of dentitions with tooth agenesis.

<p>Congenitally missing teeth are denoted with asterisks (*), and peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors with arrows. All radiographs show many retained deciduous teeth. A. Dentition of a 15-year-old girl (family 219) with a heterozygous frameshift mutation K237SfsX2 in <i>MSX1</i>. All second premolars and third molars, maxillary first premolars and mandibular central incisors are missing. Maxillary lateral incisors are peg-shaped. <b>B</b>. 11-year-old girl (family 283) with a heterozygous missense mutation p. R47P in <i>PAX9</i> lacks all third molars, two maxillary second molars, three second premolars and mandibular central incisors. Left maxillary lateral incisor is peg-shaped. <b>C</b>. Severe tooth agenesis in a 13-year old boy (family 46) with a p.R357W mutation affecting the TNF domain of EDA. 10 permanent and 8 deciduous teeth, mostly in the anterior region, are missing. Maxillary left central incisor is conical. <b>D</b>. 19-year-old woman (family 266) lacks all third molars and lateral incisors, both maxillary canines, three second premolars and two deciduous lateral maxillary incisors. She was heterozygous for p.R325W in <i>EDAR</i>, p. S103F in <i>EDARADD</i> and p.G165R in <i>WNT10A</i>. <b>E</b>. Only 12 permanent teeth have developed in 27-year old woman (family 208) with a compound heterozygote mutations p.R113C and p.E194AfsX28 in <i>WNT10A</i>. Maxillary deciduous lateral incisors were also missing. <b>F</b>. 16-year old boy (family 261) with a heterozygous p.F228I variant in <i>WNT10A</i> lacks 13 permanent teeth including all third molars, mandibular second premolars, maxillary canines and five incisors.</p

Characterization of serologically nontypeable Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolates

Our previous studies have shown that Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolates of a given arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) genotype belong to the same serotype (of serotypes a through e). In the present study we investigated whether the AP-PCR genotypes of nonserotypeable A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates match those of the serotypeable isolates. The isolates were additionally characterized by restriction analysis of the apaH PCR amplification products. The material included 75 nonserotypeable and 18 serotypeable A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates from 34 epidemiologically unrelated subjects. The serotypeable isolates were obtained from subjects who also harbored nonserotypeable isolates. Eight AP-PCR genotypes were distinguished among the isolates; six genotypes matched those detected in our previous studies, whereas two genotypes were new. Intraindividually, the A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates produced identical AP-PCR banding patterns, regardless of whether they were serotypeable or nonserotypeable, in 22 of 23 subjects participating with multiple isolates. AP-PCR genotype 3, corresponding to serotype c, was by far the most common among the nonserotypeable isolates (62% of subjects). Results obtained with the apaH restriction analysis confirmed the results obtained with AP-PCR for 31 of the 34 subjects. The results suggest that nonserotypeable A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates originate from serotypeable isolates, especially from serotype c isolates, and the likelihood of the existence of additional serotypes is small