A Muon Collider Facility for Physics Discovery

Muon colliders provide a unique route to deliver high energy collisions thatenable discovery searches and precision measurements to extend ourunderstanding of the fundamental laws of physics. The muon collider design aimsto deliver physics reach at the highest energies with costs, power consumptionand on a time scale that may prove favorable relative to other proposedfacilities. In this context, a new international collaboration has formed tofurther extend the design concepts and performance studies of such a machine.This effort is focused on delivering the elements of a $\sim$10 TeV center ofmass (CM) energy design to explore the physics energy frontier. The path tosuch a machine may pass through lower energy options. Currently a 3 TeV CMstage is considered. Other energy stages could also be explored, e.g. ans-channel Higgs Factory operating at 125 GeV CM. We describe the status of theR&D and design effort towards such a machine and lay out a plan to bring theseconcepts to maturity as a tool for the high energy physics community.<br

The physics case of a 3 TeV muon collider stage

In the path towards a muon collider with center of mass energy of 10 TeV ormore, a stage at 3 TeV emerges as an appealing option. Reviewing the physicspotential of such muon collider is the main purpose of this document. In orderto outline the progression of the physics performances across the stages, a fewsensitivity projections for higher energy are also presented. There are manyopportunities for probing new physics at a 3 TeV muon collider. Some of themare in common with the extensively documented physics case of the CLIC 3 TeVenergy stage, and include measuring the Higgs trilinear coupling and testingthe possible composite nature of the Higgs boson and of the top quark at the 20TeV scale. Other opportunities are unique of a 3 TeV muon collider, and stemfrom the fact that muons are collided rather than electrons. This isexemplified by studying the potential to explore the microscopic origin of thecurrent $g$-2 and $B$-physics anomalies, which are both related with muons.<br

Muon Collider Physics Summary

The perspective of designing muon colliders with high energy and luminosity,which is being investigated by the International Muon Collider Collaboration,has triggered a growing interest in their physics reach. We present a concisesummary of the muon colliders potential to explore new physics, leveraging onthe unique possibility of combining high available energy with very precisemeasurements.<br

The physics case of a 3 TeV muon collider stage

In the path towards a muon collider with center of mass energy of 10 TeV ormore, a stage at 3 TeV emerges as an appealing option. Reviewing the physicspotential of such muon collider is the main purpose of this document. In orderto outline the progression of the physics performances across the stages, a fewsensitivity projections for higher energy are also presented. There are manyopportunities for probing new physics at a 3 TeV muon collider. Some of themare in common with the extensively documented physics case of the CLIC 3 TeVenergy stage, and include measuring the Higgs trilinear coupling and testingthe possible composite nature of the Higgs boson and of the top quark at the 20TeV scale. Other opportunities are unique of a 3 TeV muon collider, and stemfrom the fact that muons are collided rather than electrons. This isexemplified by studying the potential to explore the microscopic origin of thecurrent $g$-2 and $B$-physics anomalies, which are both related with muons.<br

Muon Collider Physics Summary

The perspective of designing muon colliders with high energy and luminosity,which is being investigated by the International Muon Collider Collaboration,has triggered a growing interest in their physics reach. We present a concisesummary of the muon colliders potential to explore new physics, leveraging onthe unique possibility of combining high available energy with very precisemeasurements.<br

Impact of magnetic field on the stability of the CMS GE1/1 GEM detector operation

The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors of the GE1/1 station of the CMS experiment have been operated in the CMS magnetic field for the first time on the 7$^{th}$ of October 2021. During the magnetic field ramps, several discharge phenomena were observed, leading to instability in the GEM High Voltage (HV) power system. In order to reproduce the behavior, it was decided to conduct a dedicated test at the CERN North Area with the Goliath magnet, using four GE1/1 spare chambers. The test consisted in studying the characteristics of discharge events that occurred in different detector configurations and external conditions. Multiple magnetic field ramps were performed in sequence: patterns in the evolution of the discharge rates were observed with these data. The goal of this test is the understanding of the experimental conditions inducing discharges and short circuits in a GEM foil. The results of this test lead to the development of procedure for the optimal operation and performance of GEM detectors in the CMS experiment during the magnet ramps. Another important result is the estimation of the probability of short circuit generation, at 68 % confidence level, p$_{short}$$^{HV}$ $^{OFF}$ = 0.42$^{-0.35+0.94}$% with detector HV OFF and p$_{short}$$^{HV}$ $^{OFF}$ < 0.49% with the HV ON. These numbers are specific for the detectors used during this test, but they provide a first quantitative indication on the phenomenon, and a point of comparison for future studies adopting the same procedure

CAD-based computer vision: the automatic generation of recognition stragtegies

Journal ArticleThree-dimensional model-based computer vision uses geometric models of objects and sensed data to recognize objects in a scene. Likewise, Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems are used to interactively generate three-dimensional models during these fields. Recently, the unification of CAD and vision systems has become the focus of research in the context of manufacturing automation. This paper explores the connection between CAD and computer vision. A method for the automatic generation of recognition strategies based on the geometric properties of shape has been devised and implemented. This uses a novel technique developed for quantifying the following properties of features which compose models used in computer vision: robustness, completeness, consistency, cost, and uniqueness. By utilizing this information, the automatic synthesis of a specialized recognition scheme, called a Strategy Tree, is accomplished. Strategy Trees describe, in a systematic and robust manner. the search process used for recognition and localization of particular objects in the given scene. They consist of selected features which satisfy system constraints and Corroborating Evidence Subtrees which are used in the formation of hypotheses. Verification techniques, used to substantiate or refute these hypotheses, are explored. Experiments utilizing 3-D data are presented

Benchmarking LHC background particle simulation with the CMS triple-GEM detector

In 2018, a system of large-size triple-GEM demonstrator chambers was installed in the CMS experiment at CERN\u27s Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The demonstrator\u27s design mimicks that of the final detector, installed for Run-3. A successful Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of the collision-induced background hit rate in this system in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV is presented. The MC predictions are compared to CMS measurements recorded at an instantaneous luminosity of 1.5 ×10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The simulation framework uses a combination of the FLUKA and GEANT4 packages. FLUKA simulates the radiation environment around the GE1/1 chambers. The particle flux by FLUKA covers energy spectra ranging from 10$^{-11}$ to 10$^{4}$ MeV for neutrons, 10$^{-3}$ to 10$^{4}$ MeV for γ\u27s, 10$^{-2}$ to 10$^{4}$ MeV for e$^{±}$, and 10$^{-1}$ to 10$^{4}$ MeV for charged hadrons. GEANT4 provides an estimate of the detector response (sensitivity) based on an accurate description of the detector geometry, the material composition, and the interaction of particles with the detector layers. The detector hit rate, as obtained from the simulation using FLUKA and GEANT4, is estimated as a function of the perpendicular distance from the beam line and agrees with data within the assigned uncertainties in the range 13.7-14.5%. This simulation framework can be used to obtain a reliable estimate of the background rates expected at the High Luminosity LHC