Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in the Law of Iran and England: a comparative study

The aim of this study was to Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in the Law of Iran and England: A Comparative Study. There are a lot of similarities and commonalities between the legal system of Iran and England in the field of recognition and enforcement of the foreign judgments including public discipline and conflicting judgments. Public discipline in England Law is more specific than that of Iran. Being a civil case of the judgment, impossibility of recognition, enforcement of tax and criminal judgments are among the similarities of the two systems. On the other hand, reciprocity, precise of the foreign court, and the jurisdiction governing the nature of the claim are among instances which are different in Iran and England legal systems on the recognizing of the enforcement of foreign judgments

Imitation vs. innovation in the SME sector

It is frequently mentioned that during economic crisis one of the key elements of strengthening SMEs is permanent renewal and capability of innovation. However, only some businesses are able to carry out classical product/service innovation (Schumpeter). We are of the opinion that observing the best practice, adoption and/or adaption – the imitation – should be given a higher function in everyday business life. From the point of view of business development, imitation can be more important than innovation. To find ideas worth imitating it is necessary to react and start to produce rapidly, at the right time and bring to the market the essentials of im itation. The aim of the paper is to give a theoretical overview of the interpretations of innovation and imitation. Sectoral features and regional differences determine the scope of development and renewal for existing enterprises. At the same time the knowledge of entrepreneurs regarding innovation is insufficient, thus a new paradigm is needed

Bilateral Vision Loss in a Patient Following Cardiac Surgery

Cardiac surgery describes any surgical procedure involving the heart or the blood vessels carrying blood to and from it. It is usually a safe surgery regarding the visual system; however, in rare cases, due to certain complications, a devasting consequence occurs, leading to total blindness in patients. In this regard, a central vision loss in a 62-year-old patient following cardiovascular surgery is reported

Retinal Screening of Patients Suffering from Bardet – Biedl Syndrome Using Electroretinography

Background: Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a complex genetic disorder that affects various systems in the body, including the visual system. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of BBS on the retina using Electroretinography (ERG). Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 10 BBS patients (6 males and 4 females) aged between 12 and 20 years were selected as the case group. Additionally, 10 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals with normal retinal function were included as the control group. ERG recordings were performed to measure the amplitude (µV) and latency (msec) of the ERG b-wave in both groups. Results: The mean age of the case group was 15.4 ± 3.06 years, and it was 15 ± 2.78 years in the control group. The mean visual acuity in the case group was 0.49 ± 0.14 (LogMAR), significantly different from the control group with a mean visual acuity of 0 ± 0 (LogMAR). The difference in visual acuity was statistically significant between the two groups. Furthermore, the case group showed significantly lower amplitude and higher latency of the ERG b-wave peak compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Bardet-Biedl Syndrome has adverse effects on the visual system, particularly the retina, resulting in a decrease in amplitude and an increase in the latency of the ERG b-wave. These findings indicate impaired retinal function in BBS patients, highlighting the importance of early detection and management of retinal abnormalities in individuals affected by this rare genetic disorder

Optimized Er: YAG Laser Irradiation Distance to Achieve the Strongest Bond Strength Between Orthodontic Brackets and Zirconia-Ceramics

Introduction: In recent decades zirconium oxide has been introduced in the field of dentistry as a high-strength ceramic. Unlike its mechanical advantages, however, due to its inert chemical properties, it bonds poorly to other substrates, so improving bonding strength to an adhesive material is necessary.Methods: In this experimental study, 70 ceramic zirconia blocks were prepared and distributed randomly among 7 groups. Then the shear bond strengths were determined and the samples were examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and multiple Tukey comparisons.Results: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that laser irradiation distance has a significant effect on orthodontics brackets bond strength to zirconia-ceramics. Based on the Tukey post hoc test, each group was compared with other groups and the contact mode and 2 mm distance groups showed significantly higher bond strength than other groups (P-value <0.05).Conclusion: Orthodontic bracket bond strength to zirconia-ceramics will be reduced by increasing Er: YAG laser irradiation distance from samples. The highest bond strength will be achieved when the laser irradiation distance is 2 mm or when the laser beam is in contact with samples.

Evaluating amount of satisfaction for visit capabilities and infrastructures of Gorgan city in separation of touristic entrance regions

The general aim of this research is evaluating amount of satisfaction for visit capabilities and infrastructures of Gorgan city in separation of touristic entrance regions. This study is applicable and explanatory-analytical method is used for study. Used statistical community is consisting entered tourists from seven touristic regions to Gorgan. In this study, probabilistic multistage cluster sampling method was used. So after calculation of sample numbers by using Kokeran’s formula, some regions were selected as research sample from all of touristic absorptions and questionnaires randomly were distributed among them and then were gathered. Anova test, Danken test and the mean of visitor’s opinions were employed for analysis of data. Also the graphical output of data was depicted through Arc Map software. The findings of research showed that Gorgan tourists have announced unsatisfaction of themselves about capabilities and touristic infrastructures of this city. Nevertheless among different regions there is a meaningful disagreeability. Finally with consideration to operated evaluations about satisfactory condition of tourists related to capabilities and infrastructures of the city for improving situation, suitable solutions have been offered

Social impact of the Iraq-Iran war as experienced by Iranian surgeons

Surgeons played a vital role in the Iraq-Iran War by healing injured soldiers and reducing the rate of death. The purpose of this study was to describe their lived experiences and social impact during the war. This qualitative study was conducted from May 2018-June 2019 and surgeons who participated in the Iraq-Iran War were invited. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect the data from 28 participants. Four main themes emerged from the data:  1- Military role was important in providing essential facilities and safe zones for personnel and soldiers at the warfront. 2- It was critical to reinforce the infrastructure for immediate medical assistance. 3- Disaster training for medical personnel was vital for triage, treatment, education and research planning. 4- Spiritual and religious beliefs. Disaster planning and training for physicians by drills is essential to meet the challenges of unexpected events and operative readiness requires drill training on a quarterly or semi-annual basis

Introduction of Dianthins: A New Promising Horizon Toward Continuous Research on Breast Cancer Bulldozing in Iran

Background: The production and secretion of defense proteins are one of the protective mechanisms exploited by plants against pathogens. The production and secretion of defense proteins are one of the protective mechanisms exploited by plants against pathogens. Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins (RIPs), as the main class of these proteins, are considered to facilitate cancer therapy worldwide, because of the potential anticancer activity. Indeed, some of these proteins have cytotoxic and anticancer properties. Extracted from the carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), Dianthin inhibits protein synthesis in many different cells.Methods: In this research, the Dianthins was isolated and purified from the leaves of D. caryophyllus, using ion-exchange chromatography column (CM-Sephadex G-50). Subsequently, its cytotoxicity effect on MCF-7 cell line was investigated. The cell cytotoxicity assessment was performed, using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red uptake, and alkaline comet assays at the concentrations of 1.25μg/mL to 10μg/mL of the protein applying the MCF-7 cell line.Results: the toxin induces cell death, mostly via necrosis rather than apoptosis, but in the special range of concentrations.Conclusion: because of the severe side effects of chemotherapy drugs, this toxin can undergo more research as a new drug candidate against breast cancer