Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) during microbial transformation processes under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions / Hasnita Ahmad

The sewer is an integral part of the urban wastewater system. The sewer can also acts as a reactor, where the quality of the wastewater is affected by microbial changes during the transportation of the wastewater in the sewer. However, due to the lack of fundamental knowledge in oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in bulk water phases under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions, the efforts towards modeling and design of sewer network incorporating the processes dimension is being restrained. The purposes of this study are to establish the change in ORP during microbial transformation processes in the bulk water phase under sewer condition and to establish the range of ORP under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic condition s. This study is based on experimental works on microbial transformation processes in the bulk water phase of municipal wastewater. Test on 7 different municipal wastewater samples taken from the inlet of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at Mawar College and a manhole, near the Civil Engineering Laboratory were conducted. Two types of reactors were used in this study. The first reactor, subjected to aerobic conditions was used to determine the amount of substrate utilized by analyzing the OUR curve. The second reactor, subjec ted to aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions was used to measure the ORP value and to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen, nitrate/nitrite and sulfate used during the aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic condition s. KEYWORDS Microbial transformation processes; aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions, in-sewer processes, oxidation-reduction potential, initial COD-fractions, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, oxygen utiIization rate

The political economy between India Pakistan trade relations

In this paper scholar recognize the significant of India-Pakistan trade can be reconcile the all preceding disputes. This study emphasizes that superior level of trade resolve the skirmishes and also retain the idyllic relations between both countries. Reciprocal trade promotes peace and abating the conflicts. Furthermore, India and Pakistan trade relations; barriers of dyadic trade also current trade volume, territorial and border skirmishes and peace settlement have been analyzed. We identify numerous key issues, trade expenses; visas, trade routes between India-Pakistan and trade under trade SAFTA. Therefore, conclude that economic can play the vital role to accelerate the two-pronged relations and lessen the mutual conflicts. In this study, qualitative approach used to analyze the results and conclusion

The Political Economy between India Pakistan Trade Relations

In this paper scholar recognize the significant of India-Pakistan trade can be reconcile the all preceding disputes. This study emphasizes that superior level of trade resolve the skirmishes and also retain the idyllic relations between both countries. Reciprocal trade promotes peace and abating the conflicts. Furthermore, India and Pakistan trade relations; barriers of dyadic trade also current trade volume, territorial and border skirmishes and peace settlement have been analyzed.  We identify numerous key issues, trade expenses; visas, trade routes between India-Pakistan and trade under trade SAFTA. Therefore, conclude that economic can play the vital role to accelerate the two-pronged relations and lessen the mutual conflicts. In this study, qualitative approach used to analyze the results and conclusion. Keywords: Trade Relations, Peace Process, Most Favored Nation (MFN), SAFTA, India, Pakistan

The effectiveness of the Malaysian nationhood course in encouraging patriotism among students in institutions of higher education: a preliminary report

This study was designed to analyze and compare the level of patriotism awareness among students before and after completing the Malaysian Nationhood course. In order to realize this preliminary report, the data which had been collected from a pilot survey will be used to achieve the objectives of this study. There were thirty respondents involved in the pilot survey which was conducted in Universiti Putra Malaysia. The data collection had been conducted in two phases, namely pre-test and post-test and analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis such as means, percentage and frequency. Additionally, inferential statistical analysis that is paired sample t-test, was also used

Youth political dependency in social media and its influence on the Kajang state assembly in Selangor

This research paper discusses the influence of political socialization dependency in social media, especially among the youth that may cause changes in their political culture, especially in Kajang State Assembly (DUN Kajang), Selangor. The internet political campaigns can be seen since the 12th general election (GE-12) when it managed to influence the voters and led to the failure of the Barisan Nasional (BN) to retain their over 50 years of majority of two-thirds of parliamentary seats. This development has been linked to the critical attitude taken by the youth towards the Federal Government due to their over-dependence to political information in social media which is believed to be dominated by the pro-opposition. Thus, the main objective of the study is to examine the relationship between political socialization dependency in social media and political culture change among the urban youth; while analysing in detail which demographic factors that may influence it. Cluster random sampling method was used involving 432 respondents in DUN Kajang. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS v23) has been used for descriptive statistics analysis such as frequency, percentage and mean score, along with Pearson correlation, linear regression and ANOVA analysis particularly in determining differences and identifying relationship between the variables. In general, the findings show that youth political dependency in social media for political purposes has negative, but weak and statistically non-significant relationship with political culture change. However, ethnic factor has been proven to significantly influence the political culture change. Variables such as political socialization dependency in social media and political culture change are basically correlated to each other. Hence, the next step for future research is to further compare the effects of political socialization dependency in social media among the urban and rural youths, so that accurate generalisation can be deduced

Kehilangan cahaya mata: bagaimana menghadapinya

Hati siapa yang tidak sedih bila anak yang dikandung meninggal dunia sebelum sempat dilahirkan ke dunia. Mengapa masalah ini berlaku? Hasnita Sawal mendapatkan butiran lebih lanjut berkenaan hal tersebut daripada doktor pakar

Relations between India and Pakistan after Mumbai Attack 26/11

Mumbai is one of the best Indian cities that are easily reachable via Arabian Sea for the Pakistani public. It is also well known because of central point of multiple points for the high class and international tourists. A few years back on 27th of November in 2008, there were huge sequential attacks that destroyed many lives and injuries of innocent people. This attack mainly focused the high class people and the international tourists of Mumbai. This attack boosted up the differences between two states that is Pakistan and India. In response to the attack, the Indian Government and other higher authorities raised their voices against Pakistan. They claimed that Pakistan is the central place where terrorism is produced and promoted. In addition to this, India also held responsible Lashkar-e-Tayba for attacking Indian places. This cruel condition affected India-Pakistan relationship very much and raised a serious conflict between both states. Keywords: Political, Trade, Conflicts, India, Pakistan, Relation

Studi Pengukuran Tahanan Pentanahan Menara Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi (SUTT) 150 KV Sidikalang-Salak Dengan Menggunakan Sistem Counterpoise

Abstrak PT. PLN (Persero) UPK JAR SUM 1 Sumatera Utara pada pemeliharaan dan perbaikan saluran udara tegangan tinggi (SUTT) 150 kV wilayah Sidikalang-Salak sering kali ditemukan terjadinya gangguan listrik yang disebabkan oleh arus lebih atau tegangan lebih. Untuk mengatasi hal itu dibuatlah jalur pentanahan yang membuat arus gangguan dapat cepat dialirkan ke dalam tanah dan disebarkan ke segala arah. Nilai maksimum tahanan pentanahan yang diperbolehkan oleh PT PLN (Persero) jalur transmisi SUTT 150 kV sebesar 15 Ω. Jalur transmisi Sidikalang-Salak mempunyai menara sebanyak 174 dengan jenis elektroda batang atau disebut grounding rod. Jumlah elektroda yang ditanam ke dalam tanah sebanyak 4 elektroda terpasang secara paralel. Dari pengukuran gabungan 4 elektroda batang yang ditanam sedalam 4 meter mempunyai nilai tahanan sebesar 2 Ω. Nilai ini dapat diperkecil dengan pembuktian yaitu analisis perhitungan tahanan pentanahan dengan mengganti elektroda batang sedalam 4 meter yang didapat nilai tahanan pentanahan sebesar 1,56 Ω atau memakai elektroda batang dengan kedalaman 5 meter yang di dapat nilai tahanan pentanahan sebesar 1,29 Ω. Untuk daerah-daerah yang tahanan jenis tanahnya tinggi, batang pentanahan tidak praktis digunakan. Bilamana digunakan sistem counterpoise, tahanan kaki menara secara teoritis dapat dihitung dengan rumus yang ada.  Kata Kunci : Pentanahan, Resistansi, Gangguan, SUTT, Counterpoise

Clinical training for the audiology students of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) during the covid-19 pandemic: the challenges vs. opportunities

Going through this pandemic, the Department of Audiology & Speech Language Pathology (DASLP), IIUM has adapted and devised several methods to help with the students’ clinical training, which includes Tele- Audiology services, virtual external clinical placement, simulated online clinic, online clinical observation and virtual clinical examinatio