1,966 research outputs found
29Si Hyperfine Structure of the E'_\alpha Center in Amorphous Silicon Dioxide
We report a study by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) on the E'_\alpha
point defect in amorphous silicon dioxide (a-SiO2). Our experiments were
performed on gamma-ray irradiated oxygen-deficient materials and pointed out
that the 29Si hyperfine structure of the E'_alpha consists in a pair of lines
split by 49 mT. On the basis of the experimental results a microscopic model is
proposed for the E'_alpha center, consisting in a hole trapped in an oxygen
vacancy with the unpaired electron sp3 orbital pointing away from the vacancy
in a back-projected configuration and interacting with an extra oxygen atom of
the a-SiO2 matrix.Comment: 4 page
Isoelectronic series of oxygen deficient centers in silica: experimental estimation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous spectral widths
We report nanosecond time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on the
isoelectronic series of oxygen deficient centers in amorphous silica,
Si-ODC(II), Ge-ODC(II) and Sn-ODC(II) which are responsible of fluorescence
activities at 4 eV under excitation at 5 eV. The dependence of the
first moment of their emission band on time, and that of the radiative decay
lifetime on emission energy are analyzed within a theoretical model able to
describe the effects introduced by disorder on the optical properties of the
defects. We obtain separate estimates of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous
contributions to the measured emission linewidth and we derive homogeneous
spectroscopic features of the investigated point defects (Huangh-Rhys factor,
homogeneous width, oscillator strength, vibrational frequency). The results
point to a picture in which an oxygen deficient center localized on a heavier
atom features a higher degree of inhomogeneity due to stronger local distortion
of the surrounding matrix. For Si, Ge, Sn related defects the parameter
, able to quantify inhomogeneity, results to be 65, 78 and 90$%,
respectively
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H0LiCOW X: Spectroscopic/imaging survey and galaxy-group identification around the strong gravitational lens system WFI2033-4723
Galaxies and galaxy groups located along the line of sight towards
gravitationally lensed quasars produce high-order perturbations of the
gravitational potential at the lens position. When these perturbation are too
large, they can induce a systematic error on of a few-percent if the lens
system is used for cosmological inference and the perturbers are not explicitly
accounted for in the lens model. In this work, we present a detailed
characterization of the environment of the lens system WFI2033-4723 (, = 0.6575), one of the core targets of the H0LICOW
project for which we present cosmological inferences in a companion paper (Rusu
et al. 2019). We use the Gemini and ESO-Very Large telescopes to measure the
spectroscopic redshifts of the brightest galaxies towards the lens, and use the
ESO-MUSE integral field spectrograph to measure the velocity-dispersion of the
lens ( km/s) and of several nearby
galaxies. In addition, we measure photometric redshifts and stellar masses of
all galaxies down to mag, mainly based on Dark Energy Survey imaging
(DR1). Our new catalog, complemented with literature data, more than doubles
the number of known galaxy spectroscopic redshifts in the direct vicinity of
the lens, expanding to 116 (64) the number of spectroscopic redshifts for
galaxies separated by less than 3 arcmin (2 arcmin) from the lens. Using the
flexion-shift as a measure of the amplitude of the gravitational perturbation,
we identify 2 galaxy groups and 3 galaxies that require specific attention in
the lens models. The ESO MUSE data enable us to measure the
velocity-dispersions of three of these galaxies. These results are essential
for the cosmological inference analysis presented in Rusu et al. (2019).Comment: Matches the version accepted for publication by MNRAS. Note that this
paper previously appeared as H0LICOW X
COSMOGRAIL XVI: Time delays for the quadruply imaged quasar DES J0408-5354 with high-cadence photometric monitoring
We present time-delay measurements for the new quadruply imaged quasar DES
J0408-5354, the first quadruply imaged quasar found in the Dark Energy Survey
(DES). Our result is made possible by implementing a new observational strategy
using almost daily observations with the MPIA 2.2m telescope at La Silla
observatory and deep exposures reaching a signal-to-noise ratio of about 1000
per quasar image. This data quality allows us to catch small photometric
variations (a few mmag rms) of the quasar, acting on temporal scales much
shorter than microlensing, hence making the time delay measurement very robust
against microlensing. In only 7 months we measure very accurately one of the
time delays in DES J0408-5354: Dt(AB) = -112.1 +- 2.1 days (1.8%) using only
the MPIA 2.2m data. In combination with data taken with the 1.2m Euler Swiss
telescope, we also measure two delays involving the D component of the system
Dt(AD) = -155.5 +- 12.8 days (8.2%) and Dt(BD) = -42.4 +- 17.6 days (41%),
where all the error bars include systematics. Turning these time delays into
cosmological constraints will require deep HST imaging or ground-based Adaptive
Optics (AO), and information on the velocity field of the lensing galaxy.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysic
Discovery of two gravitationally lensed quasars in the Dark Energy Survey
We present spectroscopic confirmation of two new gravitationally lensed quasars, discovered in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) based on their multiband photometry and extended morphology in DES images. Images of DES J0115â5244 show a red galaxy with two blue point sources at either side, which are images of the same quasar at zs = 1.64 as obtained by our long-slit spectroscopic data. The Einstein radius estimated from the DES images is 0.51 arcsec. DES J2146â0047 is in the area of overlap between DES and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Two blue components are visible in the DES and SDSS images. The SDSS fibre spectrum shows a quasar component at zs = 2.38 and absorption by Mg ii and Fe ii at zl = 0.799, which we tentatively associate with the foreground lens galaxy. Our long-slit spectra show that the blue components are resolved images of the same quasar. The Einstein radius is 0.68 arcsec, corresponding to an enclosed mass of 1.6 Ă 1011 MÈŻ. Three other candidates were observed and rejected, two being low-redshift pairs of starburst galaxies, and one being a quasar behind a blue star. These first confirmation results provide an important empirical validation of the data mining and model-based selection that is being applied to the entire DES data set
INFN What Next: Ultra-relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
This document was prepared by the community that is active in Italy, within
INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), in the field of
ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The experimental study of the phase
diagram of strongly-interacting matter and of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP)
deconfined state will proceed, in the next 10-15 years, along two directions:
the high-energy regime at RHIC and at the LHC, and the low-energy regime at
FAIR, NICA, SPS and RHIC. The Italian community is strongly involved in the
present and future programme of the ALICE experiment, the upgrade of which will
open, in the 2020s, a new phase of high-precision characterisation of the QGP
properties at the LHC. As a complement of this main activity, there is a
growing interest in a possible future experiment at the SPS, which would target
the search for the onset of deconfinement using dimuon measurements. On a
longer timescale, the community looks with interest at the ongoing studies and
discussions on a possible fixed-target programme using the LHC ion beams and on
the Future Circular Collider.Comment: 99 pages, 56 figure
Strangeness nuclear physics: a critical review on selected topics
Selected topics in strangeness nuclear physics are critically reviewed. This
includes production, structure and weak decay of --Hypernuclei, the
nuclear interaction and the possible existence of bound
states in nuclei. Perspectives for future studies on these issues are also
outlined.Comment: 63 pages, 51 figures, accepted for publication on European Physical
Journal
TDCOSMO:IV. Hierarchical time-delay cosmography â joint inference of the Hubble constant and galaxy density profiles
The H0LiCOW collaboration inferred via gravitational lensing time delays a
Hubble constant km s, describing
deflector mass density profiles by either a power-law or stars plus standard
dark matter halos. The mass-sheet transform (MST) that leaves the lensing
observables unchanged is considered the dominant source of residual uncertainty
in . We quantify any potential effect of the MST with flexible mass models
that are maximally degenerate with H0. Our calculation is based on a new
hierarchical approach in which the MST is only constrained by stellar
kinematics. The approach is validated on hydrodynamically simulated lenses. We
apply the method to the TDCOSMO sample of 7 lenses (6 from H0LiCOW) and measure
km s. In order to further
constrain the deflector mass profiles, we then add imaging and spectroscopy for
33 strong gravitational lenses from the SLACS sample. For 9 of the SLAC lenses
we use resolved kinematics to constrain the stellar anisotropy. From the joint
analysis of the TDCOSMO+SLACS sample, we measure km
s, assuming that the TDCOSMO and SLACS galaxies are drawn
from the same parent population. The blind H0LiCOW, TDCOSMO-only and
TDCOSMO+SLACS analyses are in mutual statistical agreement. The TDCOSMO+SLACS
analysis prefers marginally shallower mass profiles than H0LiCOW or
TDCOSMO-only. While our new analysis does not statistically invalidate the mass
profile assumptions by H0LiCOW, and thus their measurement relying on
those, it demonstrates the importance of understanding the mass density profile
of elliptical galaxies. The uncertainties on derived in this paper can be
reduced by physical or observational priors on the form of the mass profile, or
by additional data, chiefly spatially resolved kinematics of lens galaxies.Comment: accepted by A&A. Full analysis available at
https://github.com/TDCOSMO/hierarchy_analysis_2020_public updated permanent
analysis script link
First exclusive measurements of the K^-pp state - populated in the pp to K^+ Lambda p reaction at 2.85 GeV
We have analyzed data of the DISTO experiment on the exclusive pp to K^+
Lambda p process at T_p = 2.85 MeV.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figues, Proceedings of EXA0
Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and
associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a
nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum
range 0.7 5.0 GeV/ is examined,
to include correlations induced by jets originating from low
momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as
associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range
. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in
high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side
short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like
components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with
event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This
invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent
fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related
to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of
uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with
multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton
interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the
number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary
nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161
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