Batch Adsorption Kinetics of Zinc Ions Using Activated Carbon from Waste Nigerian Bamboo

Batch adsorption kinetics of Zinc ions using activated carbon from waste Nigerian bamboo was investigated. The bamboo was cut into sizes,nbsp washed,nbsp dried and carbonized at 300oC-500oC. It was then activated at 800oC using nitric acid.nbsp The effect of contact time on the adsorption of zinc ions in aqueous solution was also investigated and were found to significantly affect the adsorption capacity of zinc ions . The adsorption process fitted well into the Freundlich, and Langmuir isotherm models indicating a monolayer formation over the surface of the material. Langmuir isotherm had monolayer saturation capacity of 250 mg/gnbsp of zinc ions adsorbed per g of bamboo activated carbon and high adsorption intensity of 1.579. In order to determine the mechanism of sorption, kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo first order , pseudo second order kinetic equations, and intra-particle diffusion model. The pseudo second order equation was the best applicable model to describe the sorption process. Hence the pseudo second order kinetic reaction is the rate controlling step with some intra particle diffusion taking place during the adsorption

Effect of Process Parameters on the Single Adsorption of Zinc and Nickel ions Using Activated Carbon from Waste Nigerian Bamboo

The study focused on the effect of process parameters on the single adsorption of Zinc and Nickel ions using activated carbon from waste Nigerian bamboo.nbsp The bamboo was cut into sizes, washed,nbsp dried and carbonized at 300oC-500oC. The carbonized bamboo was then activated at 800oC using nitric acid.nbsp The effect of process parameters such as particle size, carbon dosage, initial concentration of adsorbate on the single adsorption of Zinc and Nickel ions in aqueous solution was also investigated and were found to significantly affect the adsorption capacity of Zinc and Nickelnbsp ions in solution using activated carbon from waste Nigerian bamboo. For optimum adsorption of Zinc and Nickel ions in solution, particle size of Nigerian bamboo activated carbon less than 150 mm should be used for batch operations. The amount of Nickel ions adsorbed at equilibrium within initial adsorbate concentration of 28mg/L - 223mg/L was 28mg/g - 170mg/g, while The amount of Zinc ions adsorbed at equilibrium within initial concentration of 28mg/L - 227mg/L was 26mg/g - 185mg/gnbsp for carbon dosage of 10g/L .nbsp The results obtained showed that Nigerian Bamboo is highly effective in the single adsorption of Zinc and Nickel ions in solution

Fuel gases from pyrolysis of waste Polyethylene sachets

Evaluation of fuel gases produced from pyrolysis of waste polyethylene was carried out. Waste polyethylene (pure water sachets) was pyrolysed at low and high temperatures. Pyrolysis of the waste for 300secs at temperatures of 25\ub0C -140\ub0C produced 2.53% ethane, 21.67% propane and 75.82 % propylene. The volume of the gaseous products at this low temperature is far less than the initial volume of the waste resulting into over 80% reduction in the volume of waste generated by discarding the polyethylene waste. Fresh samples of the waste were pyrolysed at higher temperature range from 50\ub0C \u2013 250\ub0C and cooled in a condenser. The non-condensable gas produced were collected and analyzed with Shimadzu gas chromatography. The analysis shows that C1 \u2013 C6, and other alkenes and isoparaffins (18 ethylene monomers) were produced. The gaseous products being 75.82% propylene at low temperatures and 48.6% (normal and Iso) butane at higher temperatures. The flame test carried out shows that the gaseous products burns with a blue flame at lower temperature range. Above 300\ub0C the flame becomes more luminous and production of fuel gases stops at 550\ub0C. Production of fuel oil from waste polyethylene led to production of large volume of gaseous products, some of which are non-condensable at room temperature. The gaseous products can serve as feedstock and as fuel gas

Preliminary Evaluation Of Fuel Oil Produced From Pyrolysis Of Low Density Polyethylene Water-Sachet Wastes

Potentials of waste water sachets for the production of fuel oil were evaluated. In this work, waste polyethylene (pure water sachets) was pyrolysed at different temperatures: 130 - 190\ub0C, 200 -300\ub0C, and 300 - 450\ub0C using a batch reactor. Below 200\ub0C, 78% of the waste was converted to wax, 18% to fuel oil and 3% to noncondensable gases. The wax content decreases as temperature increases .The highest quantity of fuel oil was produced between 300\ub0C - 450\ub0C. The pyrolysis was found to increase with temperature. 86.5% of fuel oil was recovered from waste polyethylene at a reaction time of 135 minutes by pyrolysing up to 450\ub0C. The chromatographic analysis shows that the fuel oil produced (up to 450\ub0C) contains paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthalenes, aromatics and polyaromatics ranging from C3 \u2013 C38. .. It could be refined further to produce domestic kerosene and gasoline. The physical and structural properties of the fuel oil produced compared favorably with that of Aviation fuel JP-4 (a wide-cut US Air force fuel). Presently African countries are importing aviation fuels. The fuel oil produced from the pyrolysis of waste water sachets can therefore be used in place of JP\u20134, providing the aviation industry with a cheaper fuel oil from a cheaper source (waste water sachets) than crude oil. The pyrolysis of these waste water sachets will also enhance proper waste management of the menace created by the usage of these waste polyethylene sachets in our society

THE EFFECT OF PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE AND TIME, ON THE PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE WAX AND HYDROCARBON GASES PRODUCED FROM WASTE POLYETHYLENE SACHETS

ABSTRACT The effects of temperature and pyrolysis time on the properties of polyethylene wax and gaseous products produced from waste polyethylene water sachets were investigated. Waste polyethylene water sachets were pyrolysed at temperatures between 110 o C and 150 o C and different time. The effect of temperature and pyrolysis time is significant on the yield, melting point and penetration degree of polyethylene wax produced. The polyethylene wax obtained has a penetration degree of 1-40.6 mm; the melting point was 76 o C -142 o C while the yield of polyethylene wax obtained was 95.31-50.44%. Waste sachets pyrolysed at 130-150˚C for 30-40 minutes produce high quality polyethylene wax (paraffin and microcrystalline wax) from waste polyethylene water sachets with yield of above 75%, good melting point and penetration degree that meet industrial standard The remaining non condensable hydrocarbon gases produced along with the wax, which is mostly ethane, propane, propylene can be used as feedstock for the heater or sold as fuel gas

Adsorption and Treatment of Organic Contaminants using Activated Carbon from Waste Nigerian Bamboo.

The adsorption and treatment of organic contaminants using activated carbon from waste Nigerian bamboo was investigated. Waste Nigerian bamboo was carbonized at 400\ub0C-500\ub0C and activated with acid at 800\ub0C to produce granular activated carbon (GAC). Adsorption of organics from the refinery waste on the activated carbon produced was examined at 28oC. The experimental batch equilibrium data was correlated by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The adsorption data fitted well into the Freundlich isotherm. Breakthrough time of about 1.5 hours was observed for the fixed bed adsorption process. The organic concentration expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced from an initial value of 378 mg/l to 142 mg/l for the first hour, 143 mg/l for the second hour, 152 mg/l for the third and fourth hours, and 156 mg/l for the final hour., which also compare favorably with the refinery effluent specification of 150 mg/l Results from the study shows that waste Nigerian bamboo can be converted into high capacity adsorbent and used for the remediation of polluted industrial waste waters. @ JASE

Challenges and opportunities in the design and construction of a GIS-based emission inventory infrastructure for the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

© 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Environmental monitoring in middle- and low-income countries is hampered by many factors which include enactment and enforcement of legislations; deficiencies in environmental data reporting and documentation; inconsistent, incomplete and unverifiable data; a lack of access to data; and technical expertise. This paper describes the processes undertaken and the major challenges encountered in the construction of the first Niger Delta Emission Inventory (NDEI) for criteria air pollutants and CO2 released from the anthropogenic activities in the region. This study focused on using publicly available government and research data. The NDEI has been designed to provide a Geographic Information System-based component of an air quality and carbon management framework. The NDEI infrastructure was designed and constructed at 1-, 10- and 20-km grid resolutions for point, line and area sources using industry standard processes and emission factors derived from activities similar to those in the Niger Delta. Due to inadequate, incomplete, potentially inaccurate and unavailable data, the infrastructure was populated with data based on a series of best possible assumptions for key emission sources. This produces outputs with variable levels of certainty, which also highlights the critical challenges in the estimation of emissions from a developing country. However, the infrastructure is functional and has the ability to produce spatially resolved emission estimates

Preliminary Evaluation Of Fuel Oil Produced From Pyrolysis Of Low Density Polyethylene Water-Sachet Wastes

Potentials of waste water sachets for the production of fuel oil were evaluated. In this work, waste polyethylene (pure water sachets) was pyrolysed at different temperatures: 130 - 190°C, 200 -300°C, and 300 - 450°C using a batch reactor. Below 200°C, 78% of the waste was converted to wax, 18% to fuel oil and 3% to noncondensable gases. The wax content decreases as temperature increases .The highest quantity of fuel oil was produced between 300°C - 450°C. The pyrolysis was found to increase with temperature. 86.5% of fuel oil was recovered from waste polyethylene at a reaction time of 135 minutes by pyrolysing up to 450°C. The chromatographic analysis shows that the fuel oil produced (up to 450°C) contains paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthalenes, aromatics and polyaromatics ranging from C3 – C38. .. It could be refined further to produce domestic kerosene and gasoline. The physical and structural properties of the fuel oil produced compared favorably with that of Aviation fuel JP-4 (a wide-cut US Air force fuel). Presently African countries are importing aviation fuels. The fuel oil produced from the pyrolysis of waste water sachets can therefore be used in place of JP–4, providing the aviation industry with a cheaper fuel oil from a cheaper source (waste water sachets) than crude oil. The pyrolysis of these waste water sachets will also enhance proper waste management of the menace created by the usage of these waste polyethylene sachets in our society

Fuel gases from pyrolysis of waste Polyethylene sachets

Evaluation of fuel gases produced from pyrolysis of waste polyethylene was carried out. Waste polyethylene (pure water sachets) was pyrolysed at low and high temperatures. Pyrolysis of the waste for 300secs at temperatures of 25°C -140°C produced 2.53% ethane, 21.67% propane and 75.82 % propylene. The volume of the gaseous products at this low temperature is far less than the initial volume of the waste resulting into over 80% reduction in the volume of waste generated by discarding the polyethylene waste. Fresh samples of the waste were pyrolysed at higher temperature range from 50°C – 250°C and cooled in a condenser. The non-condensable gas produced were collected and analyzed with Shimadzu gas chromatography. The analysis shows that C1 – C6, and other alkenes and isoparaffins (18 ethylene monomers) were produced. The gaseous products being 75.82% propylene at low temperatures and 48.6% (normal and Iso) butane at higher temperatures. The flame test carried out shows that the gaseous products burns with a blue flame at lower temperature range. Above 300°C the flame becomes more luminous and production of fuel gases stops at 550°C. Production of fuel oil from waste polyethylene led to production of large volume of gaseous products, some of which are non-condensable at room temperature. The gaseous products can serve as feedstock and as fuel gas