Effet anti-inflammatoire et cicatrisant des extraits aqueux et éthanolique des écorces du tronc de Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae)

Objectif : La présente étude a pour objectif d’étudier les effets anti-inflammatoire et cicatrisant des écorces du tronc de Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae) appelé Ombanda en langue Téké afin de valoriser les plantes médicinales de la flore spontanée congolaise.Méthodologie et résultats : La méthodologie consiste à étudier l’effet anti-inflammatoire en mesurant le volume de l’oedème de la patte ayant reçu la carragénine 1 % à l’aide d’un Pléthismomètre de type Ugo Basile 7140. Par ailleurs, des plaies d´incision circulaire de 2 cm de diamètre étaient faites chez les rats Wistar pour évaluer l’activité cicatrisante de l’extrait éthanolique pâteux des écorces de B. coriacea à 200 mg/kg. Les résultats montrent que les extraits aqueux et éthanolique des écorces du tronc de B. coriacea aux doses de 200 et 400 mg/kg s’opposent à l’augmentation du volume de l’oedème de la patte du rat induit par la carragénine 1%. Le pourcentage d’inhibition du volume de l’oedème avec l’extrait éthanolique (200 mg/kg) est de 87,34 % à la 6ème heure alors qu’avec l’extrait aqueux à la même heure et avec la même faible dose il est de 72,56 %. Concernant l’activité cicatrisante, les résultats montrent que l’application de l’extrait éthanolique pâteux des écorces de B.coriacea à 200 mg/kg sur les plaies provoque leur cicatrisation au bout de 18 jours.Conclusion et application : Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les extraits aqueux et éthanolique des écorces du tronc de Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae) ont des propriétés cicatrisantes et anti-inflammatoires qui pourraient justifier l’utilisation de cette plante en médecine traditionnelle contre les maladies inflammatoires.Mots clés : Buchholzia coriacea Engl., écorces du tronc, inflammation, cicatrisation, rats WistarAnti-inflammatory and healing effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem bark of Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparidaceae)ABSTRACTObjective: The aims of this study is to evaluate anti-inflammatory and healing effects of stem bark of Buchholzia coriacea Engl.(Capparidaceae) invited Ombanda in Teke language in order to develop the medicinal plants of Congolese flora.Methodology and results: Inflammatory was induced by administration sub-plantar of 0.05 ml of 1% carrageenan at the right paw. Oedema was measured using an Ugo Basile 7140 pletysmometer, Italy. In addition, wounds circular incision of 2 cm in diameter were made in the Wistar rats to evaluate the healing activity of ethanolic extract of the stem barks of Buchholzia coriacea at dose of 200 mg/kg. The results show that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem barks of B coriacea at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg are opposed to the increase oedema induced by the carrageenan 1% in rats. The percentage of inhibition of the oedema volume with ethanolic and aqueous extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg per sixth hour is respectively 87.34 and 72.56 %. Concerning the healing activity, the results show that the application of the ethanolic extract of stem barks of B. coriacea at dose of 200 mg/kg on the wounds causes their cicatrization at the end of 18 days.Conclusion and application: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem barks of Buchholzia coriacea Engl (Capparidaceae) show healing properties and anti-inflammatory effect. These results could justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine against the inflammatory diseases.Key words: Buchholzia coriacea, cicatrization, inflammation, rats stem barks

Gestion Et Dispensation Des Medicaments Antiretroviraux A Brazzaville : Cas Du Centre De Traitement Ambulatoire (Cta) Et De La Pharmacie Du Centre Hospitalier Et Universitaire De Brazzaville (Chub)

In Congo, the distribution of generic drugs including ARVs (Antiretrovirals) is done through dispensing sites. This paper focuses on describing the management, delivery, and supply of ARVs at two sites in Brazzaville, and thus contributes to improving the management of HIVpositive patients. This is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and analytical study of 3,473 patients registered at the Hospital and University Hospital Pharmacy (CHUB) and Ambulatory Treatment Center (CTA) during the period from 1st January to December 31, 2010. The data were collected using medical records, prescriptions, inventory sheets, purchase orders, delivery notes of the Congolaise of Essential Medicines Generic (COMEG), and informal interview with the heads of dispensing units. Of the 3473 patients registered, there were 1412 men (40.65%) and 2061 women (59.34%). A sex ratio of 0.68 at the pharmacy of CHUB 13427 boxes of ARVs was ordered unlike the CTA where this number was 30810 boxes of ARV. The COMEG delivered to the CTA 28,667 boxes of ARVs (93.04%) dispensing 18,994 boxes. Half of the ARVs dispensed were the triple combinations (56,48%). At the CHUB pharmacy, COMEG delivered 15,371 boxes of ARVs, of which 28.16% is also a triple therapy. The analysis of the system revealed a poor estimate of needs because the dispensing and management of these drugs does not conform to the active queue

Variation in the chemical composition of the essential oils of different organs of domesticated Lippia multiflora Moldenke

The essential oils from the different organs of wild and domesticated Lippia multiflora Moldenke, analysed by GPC-FID and GPC-MS, were rich in monoterpenes. These made up 95.0, 94.0, 82.5 and 61.0% of oils from leaves, flowers, stems and roots, respectively, with a predominance of aromatic monoterpenes: p-cymene, thymol, carvacrol and their acetates together made up 44.0 - 74.0% of the oils, along with b-caryophyllene and its oxide (3.0 - 8.4%). Oils from roots differed from those of flowers, leaves and stems by a higher proportion of b-caryophyllene and its oxide (16.0%), and the absence of p-cymene g-terpinene represented respectively, 6.3 - 18.0 and 0.7 - 11.4% of the oils from the other organs. (Z)-β-Ocimene, identified in the oils from flowers (nearly 10%) was absent from oils of leaves, stems and roots. Oils of stems and roots contained very small amounts of hexadecanoïc acid, b-eudesmol, isocaryophyllene and phytol, none of which had previously been reported in oils from the Congo.Key words: Lippia multiflora Moldenke, organs, essential oil, chemical composition

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF ACANTHOSPERMUM HISPIDUM DC (ASTERACEAE) AND FICUS THONNINGII BLUME (MORACEAE), TWO PLANTS USED IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO.

The aim of this study was to evaluate extracts from two medicinal plants, Acanthospermum hispidum and Ficus thonningii, used in traditional medicine in Congo Brazzaville, for in vitro antiplasmodial activities against two laboratory strains of Plasmodium falciparum: the chloroquine sensitive 3D7 and the chloroquine resistant Dd2. ELISA HRP2 assay was used to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of the extracts alone or in combination with chloroquine. Cytotoxicity was assessed on human HeLa cell line and reflected by the selectivity index. Methanolic extract of Acanthospermum hispidum exhibited a strong and a moderate inhibitory activity on the growth of Dd2 and 3D7 at 2.8 µg/ml and 9.2 µg/ml concentrations respectively with a selectivity index >10. The combination of the most active extract (methanolic extract of Acanthospermum hispidum) with chloroquine showed a synergistic interaction on both strains. The good selectivity index of Acanthospermum hispidum on HeLa cells reflects the safety of this plant. Extracts from Ficus thonningii did not show any promising antiplasmodial activity on both 3D7 and Dd2. Except the methanolic extract which exhibited a slight antiplasmodial activity with inhibitory concentration and selectivity index corresponding to 9.61 µg/ml and 11.16 respectively. Methanolic extract of Acanthospermum hispidum exhibited moderate to high inhibitory activity on 3D7 and Dd2 laboratory strains and a synergistic antimalarial effect when combined with chloroquine. Ficus thonningii seems to have no antimalarial activity. Phytochemical analysis, in vivo investigations using animal models and later clinical trials in collaboration with traditional practitioners are necessary to clarify the potential antimalarial activity of both plants

Early Detection of Acute Renal Lesions by Serum Cystatin C in Children at Hospital and University Centre of Brazzaville

 Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is considered one of the main public health problems. The effective management of these alterations is based on the early detection of renal lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the Cystatin C (CysC) assay in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units in Brazzaville. Materials and Methods: Sixty children at high risk of developing AKI were included. Consent form signed was obtained from parents, socio-demographic data, weight and height of children recorded. Creatinine (Cr), CysC and urea were assayed in serum 24 hours after admission. Glomerular filtration clearance was estimated using serum creatinine and CysC. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated from CysC and Cr. The diagnostic accuracy was determined by comparing the results of CysC to those of Cr (considered as a reference biomarker). Results: The median age was 5 years (with extremes ranging from 1 month to 17 years). Cr, CysC, urea, and GFR/Cr (mean ± standard deviation [range]) were 0.94±1.17 (0.2–1.4 mg/dl), 0.14 ± 0.062 (0.053-0.095 mg/l), 46.65±47.75 (15.0–45.0 mg/dl), 81.85±31.90 (≥190 ml/min per 1.73 m2 , respectively. The level of CysC in patients with ARL was significantly higher than that of children with normal renal function (p<0.001). CysC detected 71.7% of children with AKI versus 26.7% with Cr. The performance characteristics (area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity) were 0.63, 89.6% and 37.5% for creatinine and 0.76, 92.9% and 54.8% for cystatin respectively. Analysis of the characteristics of the two curves revealed that CysC had a significantly higher diagnostic capacity (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our results show that the performance of serum CysC in detecting AKI early was superior to that of serum Cr in children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units in Brazzaville

Bio-guided Fractionation of the Ethanolic Extract from Leaves of Trema orientalis Blume (Cannabaceae), a Presumed Antihypertensive Plant from Congo-Brazzaville

International audienceHypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is currently a real public health problem. This disease affects about one billion people worldwide and is responsible for more than 70% of cardiovascular related deaths. Recently, the World Health Organization reported that of the hypertensive cases detected in Congo, only 7% were controlled. Today, there is no lifetime treatment and existing drugs are less accessible by the African population. To treat the disease, the Congolese population uses more the medicinal plants. However, the majority of compounds responsible for the biological activity of these plants are not known. In order to bring out Congolese plants with antihypertensive properties, we focus our interest on Trema orientalis Blume (Canabaceae). An ethanolic extract of the leaves of Trema orientalis was prepared after successive depletion of the organic solvents. Thereafter, a bio-guided fractionation on silica gel of the ethanol extract was carried out. Fractionation monitoring was done by TLC and the results of vasodilating activity measured. The fractions exhibiting the best biological activity allowed a second fractionation process to obtain five fractions which are characteristic of polyphenols, in particular flavonoids, and which exhibited good vasodilating activity on the isolated aorta of rats. Our future work will focus on the identification of these biologically active compounds

<i>Pentaclethra eetveldeana</i> Leaves from Four Congo-Brazzaville Regions: Antioxidant Capacity, Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Proportional Accumulation of Phytochemicals

Oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Traditionally, Pentaclethra eetveldeana leaves are used in dementia treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as the phytochemical composition of Pentaclethra eetveldeana leaves from four Congo-Brazzaville regions. The 1.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging, β-carotene bleaching and molybdenum reduction assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity. The protein denaturation and erythrocyte membrane stabilization tests were used to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity. Phytochemical screening, the quantification of polyphenols by spectrophotometry, as well as the determination of extraction yields were carried out. It was found that the extracts reduced molybdenum; furthermore, compared to ascorbic acid, they showed better antiradical activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Moreover, globally, the membrane-stabilizing power of the aqueous extracts was superior or comparable to diclofenac, while the same extracts were less effective for the inhibition of denaturation. All of the aqueous extracts contained polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, reducing sugar and cardiotonic glycosides. The total polyphenols, tannins and proanthocyanidins are produced proportionally from one region to another. Finally, the leaves from Brazzaville and Boundji contain flavonols, while those from Makoua and Owando contain flavones. Thus, Pentaclethra eetveldeana leaves contribute to traditional dementia treatment through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties