Impact of Female Genital Mutilation on second stage of labour in Primigravida at Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan 2010

Objective: To find out the impact of female genital mutilation (FGM) on the second stage of labour at Omdurman Maternity Hospital (OMH).Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study, for primigravidae delivered vaginally in 2010. After an informed consent circumcised women, were included as study group and uncircumcised ladies as control group. Data was collected by trained registrars using a structured questionnaire to collect frequency of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), perineal tear, birth asphyxia, neonatal death and hospital stay.Results: A total of 1961 primigravidae, delivered in 2010 at OMH, 629(32.1%) were circumcised and 1332(67.9%) were uncircumcised. There was no significant difference in the mode of delivery and episiotomy.Conclusion: FGM places women at a greater risk during childbirth, endangering their health and their babies compared to uncircumcised.Key words: Female Genital Mutilation, second stage of labor, Sudan

Antimicrobial Activities of some Synthesized Cyclo (Nα-dinicotinoyl) [L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine]Pentapeptide Candidates

71-76Some of cyclo (Nα-di-nicotinoyl)[L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine]pentapeptides3-6 has been synthesized starting from bis- (1-carboxy-2-substituted)-3,5-diaminocarbonyl)pyridine 3 and N,N-bis-(1-hydrazonyl-2-substituted)-3,5 diaminocarbonyl) pyridine 2. Treatment of 1 or 2 afforded the corresponding bis-ester derivative 3, which was hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxideto give bis-acid 4. Cyclization of bis-acid 4 with L-dibasic amino acid methyl esters, afforded the corresponding macrocyclic methyl esters 5a,b, respectively. Finally, hydrazonolysis of 5a,b with hydrazine hydrated in refluxing methanol afforded macrocyclic pentapeptide hydrazides 6a,b, respectively. Some of these compounds exhibited antimicrobial activities comparable with Chloramphenicol and Fusidic acid as reference drugs

Perceived and real barriers to workplace empowerment among women at Saudi universities: A cross-sectional study

Academic women in the Arab world, especially Saudi women, have numerous barriers inhibiting their leadership power at the workplace. The current study explores the perceived and real barriers to workplace empowerment among women at Saudi universities. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at 15 Saudi governmental universities. A multistage cluster sampling technique was followed to select (5587 participants) The data collection started from the beginning of April to the beginning of September 2020. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze data using descriptive statistics. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the real barriers to women empowerment at the workplace. The study showed that 52.1% of the study participants had moderate workplace empowerment, and only 10.2% have a low level. Regarding perceived barriers to workplace empowerment, 42.6% of the participants agree that male dominance was a barrier. Moreover, 36.2% of the participants agreed and strongly agree that the customs and traditions are a barrier to women empowerment at the workplace. Multiple linear regression showed that age, followed by years of experience (p<0.000), were the most significant demographic predictors of women empowerment at the workplace. Moreover, positive attitude, high self-esteem, and good knowledge (p<0.000) were considered other variables that positively predict women's empowerment at the workplace. The experience of gender-based violence (p<0.000) was a negative predictor of women empowerment at the workplace. The study  concluded that around 62.3% of Saudi female academics and administrative staff have moderate or low workplace empowerment at Saudi Universities. Male dominance is perceived as the highest barrier. Keywords: Barriers, workplace empowerment, Saudi wome

Antimicrobial Activities of some Synthesized Cyclo (Nα-dinicotinoyl) [L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine] Pentapeptide Candidates

Some of cyclo (Nα-di-nicotinoyl)[L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine]pentapeptides3-6 has been synthesized starting from bis-(1-carboxy-2-substituted)-3,5-diaminocarbonyl)pyridine 3 and N,N-bis-(1-hydrazonyl-2-substituted)-3,5 diaminocarbonyl) pyridine 2. Treatment of 1 or 2 afforded the corresponding bis-ester derivative 3, which was hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxideto give bis-acid 4. Cyclization of bis-acid 4 with L-dibasic amino acid methyl esters, afforded the corresponding macrocyclic methyl esters 5a,b, respectively. Finally, hydrazonolysis of 5a,b with hydrazine hydrated in refluxing methanol afforded macrocyclic pentapeptide hydrazides 6a,b, respectively. Some of these compounds exhibited antimicrobial activities comparable with Chloramphenicol and Fusidic acid as reference drugs

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18–49, 50–69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population