Knowledge Levels of Students, Trainees and Faculty Members About Hand Hygiene at a University Hospital

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı bir üniversite hastanesi öğrencilerinin,araştırma görevlilerinin ve öğretim üyelerinin el hijyenihakkında farkındalığı ve bilgi düzeyinin değerlendirilmesidir.Yöntemler: Bu çalışma bir üniversite hastanesinde okuyan 892öğrenci, fakültemizde çalışan 243 araştırma görevlisi ve 131öğretim üyesi olmak üzere toplam 1266 kişi üzerinde yapıldı.Literatür taraması sonrasında hazırlanan anketler katılımcılarayüz yüze uygulandı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 1266 kişinin 657 (%51.9)’si erkek,609 (%48.1)’u kadındı. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin %91’inin,araştırma görevlilerinin %73.2’sinin son 5 yıl içerisinde el hijyenieğitimi aldığı saptandı. Araştırma görevlilerinin %23.1’inin,öğrencilerin %38.7’sinin son bir yıl içerisinde eğitim aldığı tespitedildi. Öğretim üyelerinin hiçbirinin son 5 yıl içerisinde el hijyenieğitimi almadığı saptandı. Çalışmamızda son bir yıl içerisindeeğitim alanlarda bilgi düzeyi en yüksek bulundu (p0.001).Öğrencilerin bilgi düzeyi, araştırma görevlisi ve öğretim üyelerindenyüksek olarak tespit edildi (p0.01). Çalışmaya katılanların%54.2’si el hijyenine uyum oranını orta, %23.1’i iyi, %32.7’sikötü olarak değerlendirdi. Katılımcılar tarafından en çok doğrubilinen bilgi “her hastada eldiven değiştirilmelidir”iken en çokyanlış bilinen bilgi “eldiven giymek el hijyeni yerine geçer” olaraksaptandı. Katılımcılar arasında el hijyenine uyumsuzluğunen önemli nedeni iş yoğunluğu olarak belirtildi.Sonuçlar: Hastanemizde el hijyenine uyumun artırılmasına yönelikolarak yapılan çalışmaların sürekliliğinin sağlanmasının ne kadarönemli olduğu ve ayrıca eğitimlerin hastanede çalışan tüm personele(özellikle de doktorlara) ulaştırılmasının gerekliliği gözlendi.Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the awarenessand knowledge levels of the students, trainees and facultymembers of a university hospital on hand hygiene.Methods: This study was conducted with a total of 1266 people,892 students, 243 trainees and 131 faculty members studyingor working at a university hospital. The questionnaires wasprepared after a literature search, and was administered to theparticipants through face-to-face interviews.Results: Out of 1266 participants, 657 (51.9%) were male.Among them, 91% of the students and 73.2% of the traineeswere found to have received hand hygiene training within thelast 5 years; and 23.1% of the trainees and 38.7% of the studentshad received such training within the last year. None of the facultymembers had received hand hygiene training within the last5 years. Those who received training within the last year had thehighest knowledge level (p0.001). The knowledge level of thestudents was found higher than those of trainees and facultymembers (p0.01). Compliance with hand hygiene was ratedmoderate in 54.2% of the participants, good in 23.1% and poorin 32.7%. The information known correctly by most of the participantswas “gloves should be replaced in every patient” andthe information known incorrectly by the majority was “wearinggloves is a substitute for hand hygiene”. The major reason fornoncompliance with hand hygiene was high workload.Conclusions: We found the importance of ensuring continuationof the efforts towards increasing compliance with hand hygienein our hospital and that trainings should cover all the staffworking at the hospital (particularly the physicians)

Evaluation of Depression, Anxiety Level and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B and Inactive Hepatitis B Virus Carriers

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kronik hepatit B (KHB) hastaları ve inaktif hepatit B virusu (HBV) taşıyıcılarında sağlıklı kontrol grubuna göre anksiyete, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesi skorlarının karşılaştırılması, HBV infeksiyonu olan kişilerin takip ve tedavisi sırasında multidisipliner yaklaşımların gerekliliğinin gösterilmesi amaçlandı.Yöntemler: Çalışma Ağustos 2013-Ağustos 2014 tarihleri arasında Selçuk Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Polikliniği'ne başvuran 100 KHB hastası, 100 inaktif HBV taşıyıcısı ve 100 sağlıklı kontrol olmak üzere toplam 300 kişi üzerinde yapıldı. Tüm katılımcılara anksiyete ve depresyonu değerlendirmek amacıyla Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon (HAD) Ölçeği ve yaşam kalitelerini değerlendirmek amacıyla "Short Form-36" (SF-36) uygulandı.Bulgular: HAD Ölçeğine göre taşıyıcı grupta anksiyete riski kontrol grubundan yüksek bulundu (p0.031). Hasta grubu (p0.031) ve taşıyıcı grupta (p0.046) depresyon riski kontrol grubuna göre yüksek bulundu. Hasta grubu ve taşıyıcı grup arasında anksiyete riski ve depresyon riski açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p0.05). Hasta grubu (p0.015), taşıyıcı grup (p0.035) ve kontrol grubunda (p0.001) kadın hastalarda anksiyete riskinin erkek hastalara göre yüksek olduğu görüldü. Hasta grubu (p0.037) ve taşıyıcı grupta (p0.038) kadın hastalarda depresyon riskinin yüksek olduğu görüldü. Tüm olguların medeni durumları, aile tipi, yaşadıkları yerle anksiyete ve depresyon riskleri arasında fark bulunmadı (p0.05). Yaşam kalitesi parametrelerinden genel sağlık, fiziksel rol güçlüğü ve vitalite HBV carriers and CHB patients were lower than those of the control group (p0.05).Conclusions: Psychological state of the patients who are chronically infected with HBV should not be neglected during treatment and follow-up. If a psychiatric disturbance is identified, effective treatment will increase quality of life and improve compliance to treatmentObjective: The objective of this study was to compare the anxiety, depression and quality of life scores of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers with healthy control subjects and to demonstrate the need for a multidisciplinary approach in the follow-up and treatment of patients with HBV infection.Methods: The study was carried out by comparing 200 subjects including 100 CHB patients and 100 inactive HBV carriers, who were admitted to the Outpatient Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University between August 2013 and August 2014 with 100 healthy control subjects. All subjects were given Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale and Short Form-36 (SF-36) to assess their quality of life. Results: Based on the HAD Scale, anxiety risk among the carriers was higher than the control group (p0.031). Depression risk in the patient (p0.031) and carrier groups (p0.046) were higher than the control group. There was no significant difference between the patient and carrier groups with regard to anxiety risk or depression risk (p0.05). Females had higher anxiety risk in the patient (p0.015), carrier (p0.035) and control (p0.001) groups. Depression risk was also higher in females in the patient (p0.037) and carrier (p0.038) groups. There were no significant relations between marital status, family type, place of living and anxiety and depression risks (p0.05). Three quality of life parameters including general health, role limitations due to physical health and vitality scores in the inactive HBV carriers and CHB patients were lower than those of the control group (p0.05).Conclusions: Psychological state of the patients who are chronically infected with HBV should not be neglected during treatment and follow-up. If a psychiatric disturbance is identified, effective treatment will increase quality of life and improve compliance to treatmen

Diagnostic Clues For Spondylitis In Acute Brucellosis

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic factors for brucellar spondylitis. Methods: This retrospective study included 227 consecutive brucellosis patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology clinics of Adiyaman State Hospital and Adiyaman 82nd Year State Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey between January 2010 and December 2012. Acute brucellosis was diagnosed by standard tube agglutination test, and/or growth of Brucella spp. in appropriately prepared culture media (Bactec). Brucellar spondylitis was diagnosed and followed-up with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Among the 227 brucellosis patients included, 88 (38.8%) were male, and 139 (61.2%) were female. Brucellar spondylitis was detected in 54 patients (23.7%). Brucellar spondylitis patients had higher mean age, higher fever, and higher blood culture positivity rate when compared with brucellosis patients (p=0.001, p=0.001, and p=0.001). Logistical regression analysis determined that male gender (OR: 3.006), older age (OR: 1.025), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (OR: 1.067), high fever at the time of admission (OR: 2.550), and positive blood cultures for Brucella spp. (OR: 4.003) values were independently associated with brucellar spondylitis. However, high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (OR: 0.971) were not found as a risk factor for brucellar spondylitis. Conclusions: The results of this study shows that the risk of developing brucellar spondylitis is high in patients with acute brucellosis, who are at advanced age, who have high fever, that have Brucella spp. growth in their blood culture that has a high ESR value, and who are male.Wo

Serum Levels of Annexin A2 As a Candidate Biomarker For Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Background: Hepatologists have studied serologic markers of liver injury for decades. Annexins are a prominent group of such markers and annexin A2 (AnxA2) is one of the best characterized annexins. AnxA2 inhibits HBV polymerase among other functions. Its expression is up-regulated in regenerative hepatocytes. Objectives: To determine if serum AnxA2 level has a role in estimating liver damage in chronic HBV infection and investigate whether AnxA2 levels correlate with hepatic fibrosis. Patients and Methods: This study included 173 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 51 healthy controls. Liver fibrosis was graded histologically on liver biopsy samples. Blood samples were taken from patients during biopsy and serum AnxA2 levels were measured with ELISA. Results: In a group of adult patients with CHB, AnxA2 values were far higher than those of the control group (P = 0.001). When we assessed AnxA2 levels based on fibrosis stages, serum AnxA2 levels of patients with early stage fibrosis (stages 1 - 3) were significantly higher than those of patients with advanced stage fibrosis (stages 4 - 5; P = 0.001). Conclusions: AnxA2 is a useful biomarker for early stage fibrosis in patients with CHB.PubMedWo

Management of Chronic Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases set up a task force to develop a consensus report focused on chronic hepatitis B in pregnancy, a complex issue for both the mother with an advanced liver disease and the unborn child who is under the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. Relevant literature and international guidelines were reviewed, and recommendations agreed are presented in the report. An algorithm adapted from actual publications is also proposed for management of chronic hepatitis B in the pregnant patient. Since many women of childbearing age are in the immune tolerant phase of infection, there is generally no need for therapy and no indication to start therapy during the early stages of pregnancy. Initiation of antiviral therapy in the beginning of the third trimester in highly viremic (HBV DNA > 200 000 IU/mL) pregnant women can prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HBV despite postnatal passive and active immunoprophylaxis provided. Given its potency and its high genetic barrier to resistance, tenofovir might be an appropriate option for mothers who might need to continue their treatment for active hepatitis B after delivery